基于影像组学分类器术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移

目的：探讨影像组学方法在术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移中的价值。方法：回顾性分析91例手术病理切片证实为直肠非黏液性腺癌患者的影像学资料,其中61例为训练样本,30例为验证样本。基于全瘤体积,从每个原发病灶术前高分辨T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)图像中提取影像组学特征1 301个。基于训练样本,利用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)逻辑回归方法筛选关键特征并构建影像组学分类器。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价影像组学分类器的辨别效能,并将其与形态学标准进行比较。在验证样本中验证影像组学分类器的价值。结果：由5个影像组学特征构建的分类器与淋巴结转移状态有关(P<0.001)。在训练样本和验证样本中,影像组学分类器诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.874(95% CI：0.787~0.960)和0.878(95% CI：0.727~1.000),形态学标准诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.619(95% CI：0.487~0.752)和0.556(95% CI：0.355~0.756)。无论是训练样本还是验证样本,影像组学分类器的诊断效能均高于形态学标准(均P<0.05)。结论：影像组学分类器可术前个体化预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移,而且其诊断效能高于形态学标准。     

Individual and joint effects of borderline ankle-brachial index and high plasma total homocysteine on all-cause death in hypertensive adults

BACKGROUNDThe cardiovascular hazards of total homocysteine (tHcy) are long known. In addition, despite the acknowledgment on the importance of low ankle-brachial index (ABI) (< 0.9), borderline ABI (0.91-0.99) was once commonly overlooked. This study aims to explore the independent and joint effect of tHcy level and borderline ABI on all-cause death in hypertensive population.METHODSThis study included 10,538 participants from China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. ABI was described into two groups: normal ABI (1.00-1.40) and borderline ABI. tHcy level was also divided into two groups: < 15.02 and ≥ 15.02 μmo/L. Four groups were analyzed, using COX proportional hazard regression model, separately and pairwise to observe the independent and joint effect on all-cause death.RESULTSA total of 126 (1.2%) deaths were observed in the 1.7 years follow-up time. Borderline ABI has a higher predicted risk of death than normal ABI (HR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.17-3.00) after adjusting for potential covariates. Compare with tHcy level < 15.02 μmo/L (low tHcy), those with tHcy ≥ 15.02 μmo/L (high tHcy) had higher risk to event outcome (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30-3.05). According to the cumulative hazard curve, group with borderline ABI and high tHcy level has significantly higher altitude and larger increasing rate over follow-up period compare to other groups. Among those with borderline ABI, participants with high tHcy had higher death risk than those with low tHcy, nevertheless, no significant different between borderline and normal ABI among those with low tHcy levels.CONCLUSIONSBorderline ABI and tHcy level both have independent predictive value on all-cause death. The combined group of borderline ABI and high tHcy has highest risk factor of outcomes, which suggested the mutual additive value of borderline ABI and tHcy. More attention should be given to the importance of borderline ABI in hypertensive population, especially with elevated tHcy level.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing, non-proteinogenic amino acid synthesized through the transmethylation of amino acid methionine from one-carbon metabolism. Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increased blood coagulation, and metabolic disturbance, promoting cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and coronary artery disease.^[1,2] Notably, patients with high Hcy levels and concomitant hypertension were suggested to be at particularly higher risk.^[3] Moreover, increasing studies have explored a positive association between advanced Hcy level with all-cause mortality. According to a recent dose-response meta-analysis, for each 5-μmol/L increment of tHcy levels, the risk for all-cause mortality increased by 33.6%.^[4]The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an effective, well-established measure that is commonly used in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD),^[5] meanwhile was well studied as an important indicator of atherosclerosis and CVD events.^[6] Although ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 has been recognized as the threshold value for abnormal/low ABI, which was proven to increase the risk of all-cause mortality,^[7] a study from the American Heart Association has suggested ABI between 0.91 and 1.00 should be considered as “borderline area” in terms of cardiovascular risks,^[8] considering of prior probability and sensitivity of ABI calculation. Emerging studies have aimed to explore the predictive value of borderline ABI,^[9-11] however, controversy remains because of limited and inconsistent data. The current study aimed to explore the individual and joint effect of borderline ABI and tHcy on all-cause mortality among hypertensive adults. Although ABI level ≤ 0.90 has been and is going to remain significant in clinical practice, we believe broader concern should be placed on borderline ABI, especially for its value in risk differentiation and identification. To the best of our knowledge, there are no similar previous studies.     

自体牙移植预后的影响因素

自体牙移植是将自体牙在体内异位移植来修复牙列缺损的一种方法。尽管自体牙移植适用范围不广且预后受到很多因素的影响,但许多研究证实,自体牙移植可作为一种修复牙列缺损的理想选择。本文就自体牙移植预后的影响因素进行综述。     

青壮年股骨颈骨折患者行闭合复位内固定手术后发生股骨头无菌性缺血坏死影响因素分析

目的探讨青壮年股骨颈骨折患者经闭合复位内固定手术治疗后发生股骨头无菌性缺血坏死的影响因素。方法回顾性分析自2015年1月至2020年1月北部战区总医院骨科收治的经闭合复位内固定手术治疗的62例青壮年股骨颈骨折患者临床资料,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、骨折侧、Garden分型、损伤至手术前时间、术前是否牵引、内固定是否取出、股骨头后倾角度、是否有股骨颈皮质粉碎、术后负重活动时间、复位质量等,并分析上述指标对术后发生股骨头无菌性缺血坏死的影响。结果青壮年患者发生术后股骨头无菌性缺血坏死与Garden分型、内固定是否取出、股骨头后倾角度、股骨颈皮质粉碎情况、复位质量相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,内固定是否取出、复位质量、股骨头后倾角度与术后发生股骨头无菌性缺血坏死关系密切(P<0.05)。结论青壮年股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定术后发生股骨头坏死的影响因素较多,其中,内固定是否取出、复位质量、股骨头后倾角度与术后发生股骨头坏死密切关系。     

继续教育对基层医务人员有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响研究

目的了解基层医务人员对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的认知、过去一年继续教育情况及继续教育对慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关认知的影响。方法选取2019年10月1—31日2372名来自社区卫生服务中心(站)、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室的医务人员自愿在线填写了调查问卷,内容包括个人基本特征,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断的认知及继续教育情况。结果基层医务人员熟知吸烟、二手烟、长期呼吸道疾病史、室外空气污染和职业性粉尘等危险因素,但是对室内空气污染和遗传因素认知不足,并且仍有12.1%的基层医务人员知晓吸烟是危险因素,但正在吸烟或戒烟6个月以内。80%的调查对象知道肺功能是诊断慢性阻塞性肺疾病的金标准,但仅60.7%的调查对象能正确判读肺功能结果。过去一年中仅44.3%的基层医务人员接受了相关继续教育。继续教育对提升基层医务人员慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素和诊断相关认知的影响差异有显著性(OR=1.524,95%CI 1.289～1.802;OR=1.528,95%CI 1.289～1.812)。结论加大继续教育的惠及范围,有针对性地加强基层医务人员对室内空气污染和遗传因素的认知,同时在基层配备肺功能仪的前提下,开展以实操...     

IgE介导的食物过敏诊断程序及临床评价

目的 对IgE介导的食物过敏的诊断流程进行临床评价。探讨高效的食物过敏诊断程序。方法 0～6岁患儿88例,以支气管哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎以及消化道症状为主要临床表现,进行食物过敏原皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test,SPT）,皮肤试验阳性者检测血清特异性IgE（sIgE）、sIgE阳性者进一步进行双盲安慰剂食物激发试验（double-blind placebo-control food challenge,DBPCFC）证实诊断。sIsE阴性者通过DBPCFC建立或排除诊断。结果 88例患儿中SPT（＋）者25例。其中SPT（＋）sIgE（＋）者16例,SPT（＋）sIsE（-）者9例;前者经DBPCFC进一步证实为食物过敏的有14例;后者通过DBPCFC建立诊断的3例。排除诊断的6例,根据SPT（＋）sIgE（＋）或SPT（＋）sIsE（-）诊断食物过敏的阳性预计值为87．5％．阴性预计值为77．8％。结论 皮肤点刺试验结合sIgE检测有较高的食物过敏确诊率,当前两者不一致时,需要通过DBPCFC建立诊断。     

内源性一氧化碳对肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖基因表达谱的影响

目的 运用芯片技术研究内源性一氧化碳（CO）刺激下血管平滑肌细胞内增殖相关基凼表达谮的变化。方法 取SD大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞进行离体培养,用血小板源性生长因子（PDGF,20ng／m1）和Hemin（20μmol／L）进行刺激后,用Affymetrix表达基因谱芯片检测其基因表达谱变化。结果 Hemin刺激与PDGF刺激相比差异表达基因366条,与增殖相关的差异表达基因21条,上调11条,下调10条。其中原来在PDGF刺激下上调表达的一些基因（Map2k3、cyclinD1、PDGFA、mybL1、a．nape10、MMP14等）在经内源性CO刺激后其表达则显著下调。结论 内源性CO很可能是通过作用于MAPK途径来抑制PDGF的促增殖功能,同时伴有cyclinD1、cyclinG1、P21等的参与。     

全视网膜光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变对视野影响的研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)早期视野改变往往比视力更能及时反映病情进展。而全视网膜光凝(PRP)治疗DR在延缓病情进展的同时也造成了患眼视力下降和视野缩小等副作用。有研究表明,PRP治疗后的DR患者可因中心20°范围内的视野缺损而导致驾驶测试失败。为保证PRP疗效同时达到降低并发症的目的,激光技术不断改进与发展,通过调整激光参数、使用新型激光系统、与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)药物联合、中西医结合治疗等方式可一定程度改善患眼视野,实现更佳疗效。未来可考虑在缺血指数(ISI)量化分析下,对视网膜缺血程度进行分级,依据ISI指标和视网膜无灌注区分布探索PRP治疗建议的最佳阈值及光凝范围,从而为DR患者提供更及时、更合理的个性化治疗方案。文章就PRP治疗DR对视野的影响进行简要综述。     

曾被误诊的麻痹性痴呆23例分析

目的:研究麻痹性痴呆的诊断与治疗。方法:对曾被误诊的23例麻痹性痴呆,使用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)及简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评定。并予驱梅毒及抗精神病药治疗。结果:驱梅毒治疗后可显著提高疗效。结论:麻痹性痴呆应及早正确诊断,作驱梅毒及抗精神病治疗。     

慢性乙型肝炎组织中肝前体细胞的免疫组化特征

目的研究肝前体细胞（hepatic progenitor cells,HPCs）、小管样反应、中间型肝细胞在慢性乙型肝炎组织中的分布特征和数量变化,以及与肝细胞再生之间的可能联系。方法对42例慢性乙型肝炎组织行常规病理HE染色,按炎症活动度（G）分为轻、中、重三度,免疫组织化学方法观察肝胆细胞标记（AFP、GST-π、CK7、CK19）和造血干细胞标记（c-kit、CD34）的表达,并以Ki-67标记增殖的肝细胞,用CK7／CK19作为标记物对符合定义的HPCs、中间型肝细胞进行计数,小管样反应程度的判定利用彩色病理图象分析系统。结果慢性乙型肝炎的早期阶段即存在HPCs的活化和小管样反应,其数量随着炎症活动度的增加而增加,均表达CK7、CK19、GST-π和AFP,肝细胞增殖指数在轻、中度肝炎中逐渐增加,重度肝炎、肝硬化患者增殖的肝细胞数下降,而中间型肝细胞数量显著增加。小管样反应面积百分比与HPCs数目正相关（r=0．739,P〈0．05）,中间型肝细胞数目与HPCs数目正相关（r=0．614,P〈0．05）。结论慢性乙型肝炎中不仅有成熟肝细胞增殖,也存在肝前体细胞活化和分化,可能参与肝脏损伤后的再生修复。