虎杖药材的HPLC-DAD-ELSD指纹图谱研究

目的建立虎杖药材的HPLC-DAD-ELSD指纹图谱,对10个不同产地的虎杖药材进行质量评价。方法使用Luna C_(18)(2)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长254 nm,进样量10μL。蒸发光检测器漂移管温度109℃,载气体积流量3.0 L/min。结果通过10批虎杖药材建立了指纹图谱的共有模式,其中HPLC-DAD指纹图谱共有峰19个,相似度为0.938~0.993;HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱共有峰14个,相似度为0.905~0.999。确认了虎杖苷、白藜芦醇、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素甲醚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素和大黄素甲醚。结论方法准确、稳定,为客观评价虎杖药材的质量提供了科学依据。     

流入反转恢复序列在肝移植术后MR门静脉成像中的应用

目的 探讨流入反转恢复（IFIR）序列在肝移植术后门静脉成像中的应用价值。方法 对26例肝移植术后患者依次行上腹部IFIR序列成像和对比增强MRA（CE-MRA）,由2名医师采用盲法对门静脉显示质量进行评分,比较2组图像评分的差异并测量吻合口直径。比较2组图像测量值的差异,评价医师间图像质量评分和测量吻合口直径的一致性。结果 26例IFIR序列和CE-MRA均能显示门静脉主干及门静脉左、右支近端血管,图像质量≥ 3分者分别为92.31%（24/26）和96.15%（25/26）。2名医师对IFIR序列与CE-MRA图像质量评分差异均无统计学意义（医师1：Z=-1.077,P=0.282;医师2：Z=-0.629,P=0.529）。2组图像吻合口直径测量值间差异均无统计学意义（医师1：t=0.369,P=0.546;医师2：t=0.020,P=0.889）。2名医师图像质量评分和测量吻合口直径的一致性好。结论 IFIR序列可作为评估肝移植术后门静脉的有效方法之一。     

基于增强CT影像组学模型鉴别肾透明细胞癌与非透明细胞癌

目的 建立基于增强CT的影像组学模型,评估其鉴别肾透明细胞癌（ccRCC）与非透明细胞癌（non-ccRCC）的应用价值。方法 将147例ccRCC及32例non-ccRCC患者随机分为训练集125例和测试集54例。将所有患者的增强CT资料导入ITK-SNAP软件,手动勾画ROI,获得16个特征,分别建立基于特征的随机森林（RF）模型和逻辑回归（LR）模型,采用ROC曲线观察模型对ccRCC的诊断效能。结果 训练集RF模型诊断ccRCC的AUC为0.96（P<0.05）,特异度为1.00,敏感度0.83;LR模型诊断ccRCC的AUC为0.96（P<0.05）,特异度为1.00,敏感度为0.83。测试集RF模型诊断ccRCC的AUC为0.96（P<0.05）,特异度为1.00,敏感度为0.89;LR模型诊断ccRCC的AUC为0.88（P<0.05）,特异度为0.90,敏感度为0.77。结论 基于增强CT影像组学模型可用于鉴别ccRCC与non-ccRCC;RF模型诊断价值较LR模型更高。     

灰阶超声联合剪切波弹性成像评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点

目的 探讨灰阶超声联合剪切波弹性成像（SWE）技术评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征（MPS）患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点（MTrPs）处肌肉形态及组织学特性的价值。方法 以28例MPS患者（36个MTrPs）为病例组,33名健康志愿者（33个正常肌肉点）为对照组。由2名检查者分别测量病例组MTrPs （上斜方肌）厚度、剪切波传播速度（SWV）及杨氏模量值（E）,1名检查者测量对照组上述参数,1周后2组均重复测量。采用组内相关系数（ICC）评价2名检查者检测结果的一致性,以Pearson检验分析MPS患者疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分与上斜方肌厚度、SWV及E的相关性。结果 2名检查者重复测量一致性、时间一致性及检查者间一致性均好或优（ICC 0.73~0.98）。病例组MPS患者上斜方肌厚度、SWV及E均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。MPS患者VAS评分与上斜方肌厚度无相关性（r=0.016,P=0.945）,与SWV （r=0.709,P<0.001）、E （r=0.653,P=0.002）均呈正相关。结论 灰阶超声联合SWE可定量评估MPS患者MTrPs处肌肉形态及组织学特性。     

超声和临床诊断女性压力性尿失禁进展

压力性尿失禁（SUI）是影响中老年妇女健康的常见疾病,其给患者造成的身体损伤和心理压力逐渐受到重视。对SUI可在早期进行药物及康复治疗,后期常需进行手术干预。超声、尿动力学检查及尿垫试验是临床诊断SUI的常用方法。本文对超声和临床诊断SUI的研究现状和进展进行综述。     

不同地理株杂交培育的柔嫩艾美球虫及其免疫保护率

目的　培育 3个不同地理株柔嫩艾美球虫 (Eimeriatenella)的杂交株 ,以探讨研制球虫疫苗的可能性。　方法　通过免疫试验 ,从 5个不同地理株中选择 3株作为杂交亲本株 ,对此 3株分别进行两次杂交 ,获得的后代混合卵囊经单卵囊分离、扩增 ,分别提取卵囊DNA ,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)进行分析 ( 3 0条引物 ) ,分离、培育出两代杂交株。再进行免疫试验 ,比较杂交株与亲本株的免疫保护性。　结果　选择了免疫原性较好、免疫保护率较高的广州株、保定株、长春株作为杂交亲本 ,分别进行保定株×长春株、广州株×F1株两次杂交 ,获得的后代卵囊 ,提取卵囊DNA ,RAPD分析后 ,得到了保定株×长春株的杂交株F1(F1Z7)和广州株×F1株的杂交株F2 (F2Z3 )。免疫试验结果 ,杂交株F1与F2的免疫保护率分别为 80 %和 84% ;亲本株广州株为 77% ,保定株为 69% ,长春株为 63 %。　结论　分离、培育出了F1、F2两代杂交虫株。其免疫保护率均高于各亲本株 ,提示杂交株获得了亲本株的部分保护性 ,其免疫的雏鸡对各虫株的攻击均有好的保护力。尤其是F2株 ,免疫保护率平均达到 84%。     

降血压治疗对脑血流动力学影响的初步研究

目的 :探讨降血压治疗是否影响脑血流动力学。方法 :应用经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)诊断仪监测原发性高血压患者 32例以硝苯地平及 17例以硝苯地平 +卡托普利降血压前后的脑血流参数 ,以及 11例血压大于 2 0 0 / 130mmHg的脑出血患者不同梯度地降血压前后的TCD血流参数的变化。结果 :三组药物降血压效果均有显著性意义。高血压患者双侧大脑中动脉血流速度 (MFV)降低无统计学意义 ,PI值升高有统计学意义 ;脑出血患者不同梯度降血压健侧和患侧MFV降低、PI升高 ,均有统计学意义 ,而两组药物之间TCD参数差异无统计学意义。结论 :原发性高血压患者脑血管仍有一定的调节功能 ,脑出血患者降血压治疗可能会更降低脑灌注压 ,应慎重应用降压药。     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

广西白裤瑶族人群高血压患病率调查

目的 了解广西白裤瑶族人群高血压的患病情况及其影响因素. 方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法对1170名≥15岁白裤瑶族人群的血压、身高、体重、体质指数、腰围、血脂及载脂蛋白进行测定,并将其结果与1173名当地的汉族人群作比较. 结果 广西白裤瑶族人群标准化高血压患病率明显低于当地的汉族人群(11.53%比16.79%,P＜0.01);白裤瑶族人群平均收缩压、舒张压和脉压水平也明显低于汉族人群[分别为(115.7±16.3)mm Hg比(120.0±16.3)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),P＜0.01;(74.1±9.4)mm Hg比(75.9±10.4)mm Hg,P＜0.01和(41.6±12.0)mmHg比(44.2±11.2)mm Hg,P＜0.01].白裤瑶族人群高血压患病与性别、年龄、体力活动、体质指数、腰围、总能量、总脂肪和钠盐摄人量呈正相关,与教育水平呈负相关,而汉族人群高血压患病与性别、年龄、体力活动、喝酒、体质指数、腰围、总能量、总脂肪和钠盐摄入量呈正相关,与教育水平呈负相关.白裤瑶族和汉族人群高血压的知晓率为11.81%比21.76%(P＜0.05),治疗率为5.51%比12.95%(P＜0.05),控制率为2.36%比8.29%(P＜0.05). 结论 广西白裤瑶族人群高血压患病率显著低于汉族人群,可能与其特殊的饮食习惯、低盐摄入、生活方式以及遗传因素等有关.     

普罗布考预防对比剂肾损害的随机化临床研究

Objective Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a significant clinical problem. We, therefore, performed a prospective, randomized trial to investigate the role of probueol in the prevention of CIAKI in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography (CAG) and interventions (PCI). Methods We studied 205 patients with UAP, who underwent CAG or PCI prospectively. Patients were randomly assigned to probucol group (n = 102) and control group (n= 103). In the probucol group, the patients received probucol tablets 500 mg b. i. d for 3 days before and after intervcntion. All the patients, after intervention, underwent hydration with intravenous saline at a rate of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour for 12 hours. Results Patients were well-matched with no significant differenced at baseline in majority measured parameters between two groups. CIAKI occurred in 23 of the 205 (11.22%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify correlates of CIAKI and clinical data. CIAKI was most strongly associated with Scr≥132.6 μmol/L (OR =21.11,95% CI 1.95-56. 06, P＜0.001), Ccr ＜60 ml/min (OR =4.19, 95%(2/1.94-9.05, P ＜0.001), heart function ＞ class Ⅱ (OR = 6.23, 95% CI 2.73-14.21, P ＜ 0.001), Diabetes (OR = 2.049, 95% CI1.19-5.25, P ＜ 0.001), age ≥ 70 yrs (OR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.66-7.43, P ＜ 0.001), coronary artery calcification shown by CAG (OR =4.29, 95% CI 1.99-9.24, P ＜ 0.001). The rate of CIAKI in probueol groups was slightly lower compared with control group (7.84% vs. 14.56%), without significant difference. The post-procedure mean peak of Scr [(101.62±42. 98) μmol/L vs. (117.67 ～68.77) μmol/L, P =0.047] and the post-procedure increasing Ser from baseline (ASer) [(13.49 ± 19. 61) μmoL/L vs.(22.50 ± 18.31) μmol/L, P =0.001] in the probucol group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Conclusion Prophylactic treatment with probueol 500 mg b. i. d during periproeedural stage in patients with UAP has preventing role against CIAK1 after cardiac catheterization.