路志正调理脾胃治疗胸痹的学术思想浅析

全国著名中医学家路志正教授精通中医典籍,对脾胃学说的研究造诣尤深,行医60余年,形成一套独特的临床经验.路老师善用调理脾胃治疗多种疑难杂症,其中运用调理脾胃法辨治胸痹是其学术思想和临床经验的组成部分.现就笔者学习心得简介如下.     

治学以专,治医以精,用药审慎——记内科名医王石清

1 生平简历 王石清,男,北京市清河镇人.生于1884年,卒于1945年,享年61岁.[1]早年在清河师范学院任教,业余喜读中医书籍,如《灵枢》、《素问》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》等.     

伴皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病一例报告

目的 总结貌似多发性硬化的皮层下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病(CADASIL)的临床特点.方法 报告1例经基因检查和周围神经活检确诊为CADASIL的临床资料.结果 患者腓肠神经活检可见有髓神经纤维密度轻度减少,电镜下可见神经束膜小动脉中层平滑肌细胞外大量颗粒性电子致密嗜锇颗粒物质(GOM)沉积.基因检测显示Notch3基因4号外显子Cys117Arg突变.结论 为避免CADASIL的漏诊及误诊,凡遇青年反复脑卒中发作,又无高血压、糖尿病等常见的血管病危险因素,虽无偏头痛病史,亦应注意追问家族史并做基因检测和周围神经活检.     

后循环缺血性事件患者预后的临床分析

目的 评估206例后循环缺血性事件患者30d预后,探讨不同病变部位及受累血管与30d预后不良的相关性.方法 收集206例后循环急性脑梗死和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的临床资料.全部患者均在入院时进行美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)、改良Rankin残障量表(MRS)评估,病后30d进行MRS评估,分析患者30d预后;系统评价病变部位及受累血管,并与预后不良进行相关性分析.结果 本组206例,病后30d病死率为4.9%,致残率为18%,颅脑近中远段同时受累(r=9.270,P＜0.001)、基底动脉急性闭塞(r=5.106,P＜0.001)及颅内病变个数＞1个(r=2.491,P＜0.001)的患者预后不良.结论 不同病变部位、血管引起的后循环缺血性事件预后不同,大部分预后良好.     

Association between sperm mitochondrial ND2 gene variants and total fertilization failure

The objective of this study was to explore the association of sperm mitochondrial ND2 (MT-ND2) gene variants with total fertilization failure (TFF). A retrospective comparative study of 246 cases of fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles or half-intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in the Han Chinese population was performed from July 2011 to May 2017. A total of 59 cases undergoing TFF, and 187 control cases with normal fertilization (fertilization rates >50%) were included. The sperm mitochondrial genovariation was determined using nested sequencing. A total of 32 homoplasmic variants and 47 heteroplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene were observed in this study. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 32 homoplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene between the TFF and control groups. A total of 53 pair-wise comparisons were performed, and the general characteristics of the IVF failure and control subjects were adjusted in logistic models. Data suggested that there were no significant differences in the frequencies of point 4914, 5320, and 5426 heteroplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene between the TFF and control groups. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of mtDNA haplogroup D or haplogroup G between the IVF failure group and the normal fertilization group. This study suggests that the MT-ND2 gene variants might not be associated with TFF.

Abbreviations: ATP: adenosine triphosphate; dNTP: deoxy-ribonucleoside triphosphate; FADH2: flavin adenine dinucleotide; FDR: false discovery rate; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF: in vitro fertilization; LH: luteinizing hormone; MTATP6: mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6; MTCYB: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MT-ND2: mitochondrial ND2; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ND2: NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PCR: single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; TFF: total fertilization failure     

Cardiovascular effects of sitagliptin – An anti‐diabetes medicine

Dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, as the most recent available anti‐diabetic agents, were generally used in clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In addition to anti‐diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP‐4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects. In recent years, increasing studies suggest that sitagliptin shows pleiotropic impacts towards the cardiovascular system either with or without diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent reports to provide an update discussion about cardiovascular protective effects of sitagliptin and the corresponding mechanisms. Sitagliptin has positive effects towards ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and hypertension. These effects are mainly conducted through DPP‐4 inhibitions. In addition, sitagliptin exerts anti‐inflammation, anti‐oxidative stress, anti‐apoptosis, mediation on lipid accumulation and so on, which also contribute to its cardiovascular effects.