Novel Strategy to Engineer Trachea Cartilage Graft With Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Macroaggregate and Hydrolyzable Scaffold

Limited donor sites of cartilage and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during expansion, low tissue reconstruction efficiency, and uncontrollable immune reactions to foreign materials are the main obstacles to overcome before cartilage tissue engineering can be widely used in the clinic. In the current study, we developed a novel strategy to fabricate tissue‐engineered trachea cartilage grafts using marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) macroaggregates and hydrolyzable scaffold of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA). Rabbit MSCs were continuously cultured to prepare macroaggregates in sheet form. The macroaggregates were studied for their potential for chondrogenesis. The macroaggregates were wrapped against the PLGA scaffold to make a tubular composite. The composites were incubated in spinner flasks for 4 weeks to fabricate trachea cartilage grafts. Histological observation and polymerase chain reaction array showed that MSC macroaggregates could obtain the optimal chondrogenic capacity under the induction of transforming growth factor‐β. Engineered trachea cartilage consisted of evenly spaced lacunae embedded in a matrix rich in proteoglycans. PLGA scaffold degraded totally during in vitro incubation and the engineered cartilage graft was composed of autologous tissue. Based on this novel, MSC macroaggregate and hydrolyzable scaffold composite strategy, ready‐to‐implant autologous trachea cartilage grafts could be successfully fabricated. The strategy also had the advantages of high efficiency in cell seeding and tissue regeneration, and could possibly be used in future in vivo experiments.     

Progress in brain penetration evaluation in drug discovery and development

This review discusses strategies to optimize brain penetration from the perspective of drug discovery and development. Brain penetration kinetics can be described by the extent and time to reach brain equilibrium. The extent is defined as the ratio of free brain concentration to free plasma concentration at steady state. For all central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery programs, optimization of the extent of brain penetration should focus on designing and selecting compounds having low efflux transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The time to reach brain equilibrium is determined by both BBB permeability and brain tissue binding. Rapid brain penetration can be achieved by increasing passive permeability and reducing brain tissue binding. Although many drug transporters have been identified at the BBB, the available literature demonstrates only the in vivo functional importance of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in limiting brain penetration of its substrates. Drug-drug interactions mediated by P-gp at the BBB are possible due to inhibition or induction of P-gp. For newly identified drug transporters at the BBB, more research is needed to reveal their in vivo significance. We propose the following strategies for addressing drug transporters at the BBB. 1) Drug discovery screens should be used to eliminate good P-gp substrates for CNS targets. Special consideration could be given to moderate P-gp substrates as potential CNS drugs based on a high unmet medical need and the presence of a large safety margin. 2) Selection of P-gp substrates as drug candidates for non-CNS targets can reduce their CNS-mediated side effects.     

21例肺转移瘤的影像学特征分析

目的旨在提高肺部转移瘤的影像表现及特点认识。方法搜集2005年1月～2008年12月经临床诊断为肺转移瘤21例,回顾性分析其胸片及CT影像表现,探讨其相应特征。结果胸片为肺转移瘤的常规检查方法,CT尤其是HRCT能提供更为全面而准确的影像信息。21例肺转移瘤,血行转移17例,占80％,淋巴转移及直接蔓延各2例,各占10％。原发瘤＋肺部典型表现能提出较为明确的诊断。结论胸片及CT在肺转移瘤的临床诊断、治疗方案设定、及疗效评估方面具有重要的价值。     

玻璃体视网膜联合术治疗急性视网膜坏死性视网膜脱离

目的 :研究治疗急性视网膜坏死性视网膜脱离的玻璃体视网膜联合手术效果。方法 :急性视网膜坏死性视网膜脱离 4例患者 ,1例行超声乳化白内障吸出加玻璃体切除加眼内光凝加硅油填充加巩膜环扎术 ;2例行玻璃体切除加眼内光凝加C3F8填充术 ;1例行玻璃体切除加眼内光凝加硅油填充术。结果 :4例患者的炎症均控制良好 ,视网膜均成功复位。随访 9个月～ 3年 ,4例视力分别为 0 0 1(矫正视力 0 12 ) ,0 15,0 1,0 3。结论 :视网膜脱离是急性视网膜坏死的严重并发症 ,通过玻璃体视网膜联合手术 ,可有效地提高视网膜脱离的复位率 ,挽救患者的视功能。     

低位直肠癌经腹括约肌间切除术后患者肛门功能的影响因素分析

目的：探讨经腹括约肌间切除（ISR）术后肛门功能情况及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2012年12月福建医科大学附属协和医院结直肠外科同一组医师实施经腹ISR治疗的96例低位直肠癌患者临床和随访资料。采用Wexner排粪失禁评分评估肛门功能,并通过Cox比例风险模型分析肛门功能的影响因素。结果96例经腹ISR患者均完成Wexner评分量表的评估,平均随访时间32．7月,其中83例（86．5％）排粪控制良好（Wexner评分小于10分）。Wexner评分与术后随访时间呈线性负相关（r＝-0．078,P＝0．003）。单因素分析显示,肿瘤距肛缘距离（P＝0．043）、吻合口距肛缘（P＝0．001）及新辅助放化疗（P＝0．001）与术后肛门失禁有关。多因素分析显示,吻合口距肛缘小于2 cm（P＝0．020）和新辅助放化疗（P＝0．001）是经腹ISR术后排粪失禁的独立危险因素。结论经腹ISR术后多数患者肛门功能良好,吻合口距肛缘不足2 cm和新辅助放化疗是影响术后肛门功能的独立危险因素。     

小青龙汤加减对支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者PEF的影响

目的 观察小青龙汤加减治疗支气管哮喘慢性持续期寒饮停肺证对患者肺功能呼气峰流速(PEF)值的影响.方法 将80例支气管哮喘慢性持续期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例.2组均采用西药常规治疗,治疗组同时加服小青龙汤加减.两组疗程均为2周.观察两组治疗前后的PEF值变化.结果 治疗后两组患者的PEF值均有改善(P<0.01),但治疗组的改善优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 小青龙汤加减对支气管哮喘慢性持续期寒饮停肺证患者的PEF值有显著的改善作用.     

左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗高龄难治性呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的评价左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗高龄人群难治性呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性。方法对68例难治性细菌性呼吸道感染的高龄患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组34例给予左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗;对照组34例给予左氧氟沙星治疗,两组总疗程皆为15 d。结果治疗组与对照组的有效率分别为64.71%和32.35%,呼吸道细菌清除率分别为76.19%和36.36%,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组不良反应发生率皆低。结论左氧氟沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗高龄人群难治性呼吸道感染临床疗效优于单用可乐必妥,疗效确切而且安全。     

脑血管电子束CT(EBCT)成像技术的初步探讨

探讨合理的脑血管电子束的检查模式，材料与方法，选择７例ＥＢＣＴＡ检查结果正常都胡机分组、对照，进行前瞻性研究，采用ＩｍａｔｒｏｎＣ－１５０ＣＢＣＴ扫描仪，连续容积和步进式两种扫血管部位ＣＴ值要高于相同条件下的ＳＶＳ扫描；同一扫     

SUMO-1 Enhancing the p53-induced HepG2 Cell Apoptosis

Wild-type p53 gene ( wtp53) can induce cellapoptosis andinhibit oncogenesis[1 ,2]. The proteinof muring double minute gene 2 ( MDM2) was in-duced by wtp53 .After MDM2's binding to p53 pro-tein,it can sti mulate the p53 degradation throughthe ubiquitin pathway , forming the p53-MDM2negative feedback circle[3 ,4].Small ubiquitin-likemodifier-1 (SUMO-1) plays an crucial role in theprotein post-translational modification[5 ,6].SUMO-1 can compete the receptor binding sites of someproteins wi…