正交设计优选超声提取蜘蛛香中缬草素的提取工艺

目的:研究超声波提取蜘蛛香中缬草素的最佳工艺.方法:采用4因素3水平L9(34)正交试验法,以缬草素的得率为考察指标,对超声波提取蜘蛛香中缬草素的工艺进行优化.在优选出的超声波最佳提取工艺条件下,将该法与渗漉法进行比较.结果:优选的超声波提取蜘蛛香中缬草素的最佳工艺条件为:药材粉碎,过40目筛,浸泡30min后,用相当于药材8倍重量的95%乙醇提取3次,每次提取40min.结论:超声波提取法可用于蜘蛛香中缬草素的提取.     

腰穿后腰背部疼痛36例观察

腰椎穿刺(简称腰穿)是一种安全可靠的检查方法,对脑膜炎、脑炎等颅内疾患的诊断有决定性的意义。但其并发症有多种,据临床观察,腰穿后腰背部疼痛发生率最高。对青岛市骨伤医院5年来140例次腰穿中并发腰背疼痛的36例报告作出了分析。     

无泵体外肺辅助技术对犬急性呼吸窘迫综合征血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨无泵型体外肺辅助技术（Pecla）对犬急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）模型血流动力学的影响,寻找安全的分流范围.方法 建立犬ARDS模型,连接Pecla装置,将12只杂种犬随机分为两组,A组采用心排量的25%,20%,15%,10%的分流量顺序进行分流,B组采用心排量的10%,15%,20%,25%的分流量顺序进行分流,各分流量持续1小时,分别记录Pecla模型在模型建成后稳定一小时和各分流量末时的体循环血压,心率,肺循环血压.结果 两组的体循环血压,心率,肺循环血压均有轻度变化,但无显著差异（P＞0.05）.结论 Pecla使用25%的分流量不会对血流动力学产生严重影响.     

Effect of potassium-channel openers on the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in porcine coronary arteries stored in cold hyperkalemic solution

Hyperkalemic solution is widely used to protect the myocardium during open-heart surgery or to preserve donor hearts during heart or heart/lung transplants. The inhibitory effects of hvperkalemic solution on the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) of coronary arteries following deep hypothermic storage (4 degrees C) has been well studied. However, it has not been established whether potassium channel openers have protective effects on the coronary endothelial function after cold storage. This study was designed to examine this. Porcine coronary artery rings were studied in organ baths. Relaxation in response to the EDHF stimulus A23187 (nonreceptor-mediated stimulus calcium ionophore) in thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 (30 nmol/L)-induced precontraction after incubation with hyperkalemic solution (20 mmol/L) with nicorandil (10 micromol/L) (either at 37 degrees C in the oxygenated organ chamber or at 4 degrees C in a refrigerator for 6 h) was compared with the control. There was significant difference between hyperkalemia group and hyperkalemia with nicorandil group under normothermia (p = .04). The difference was significant in the same solution between normothermia and hypothermia. After incubation in hyperkalemic solution without or with nicorandil, the A23187-induced relaxation was 32.8% +/- 9.1% and 72.6% +/- 16.9%, respectively (N = 8, p < .01). Potassium channel opener can attenuate the inhibitory effect of hyperkalemic solution on the release of EDHF after cold storage.     

Risperidone-induced increase in serum prolactin is correlated with positive symptom improvement in chronic schizophrenia

The elevation in serum prolactin (PRL) concentration in schizophrenic patients treated with typical antipsychotic drugs is well documented. Recently, increased prolactin levels have been reported in patients taking risperidone. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone on serum prolactin, and to investigate the relationship between the change in PRL and the therapeutic outcome. In this study, 30 male inpatients with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone after a 2-week washout period. The risperidone dose was fixed at 6 mg/day. Clinical efficacy was determined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum PRL was assayed in serum by radioimmunometric assay in schizophrenic patients before and after 12-week treatment, as compared to 30 age-matched normal male subjects. The results showed that risperidone treatment significantly increased the serum PRL. A significant and positive relationship between the change in PRL at pre- and post-treatment and the reduction rate of PANSS positive subscore was observed. Risperidone treatment significantly increased the serum PRL levels of schizophrenic patients. There was a close relationship between the improvement in positive symptoms and the change of serum PRL level before and after risperidone treatment. The serum PRL levels at baseline could be used to predict the responses of schizophrenic patients to risperidone.     

11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸对未成熟兔离体心脏停搏及再灌注性心律失常的影响

目的　观察 11,12 环氧二十碳三烯酸 (11,12 EET)对冷停搏未成熟兔离体心脏停搏效果及再灌注性心律失常的影响 ,探讨其作用机制。　方法　将 16只未成熟兔随机配对 ,分成对照组(离体心脏灌注St.Thomas Ⅱ停搏液 ,15ml/kg)和实验组 (离体心脏灌注含 70nmol/L11,12 EET的St .Thomas Ⅱ停搏液 ,15ml/kg)。利用非循环式Langendorff灌注装置 ,测定 (1)心脏灌注停搏液后的电机械活动停止时间和再灌注后电机械活动恢复时间 ;(2 )心脏停搏 2h(15℃ )后再灌注 1h(3 7℃ )过程中的心率、冠状动脉流量变化、心律失常活动及评分 ;(3 )心脏再灌注 1h后的心肌含水量、心肌钙离子含量。　结果　实验组与对照组的电活动停止时间 [(9 3± 0 9)s与 (13 6± 1 9)s ,P <0 0 1]、机械活动停止时间 [(4 5± 1 7)s与 (7 3± 2 1)s,P <0 0 5]、心肌钙离子含量 [(3 2 2± 0 3 3 ) μmol/克干重心肌 (gdw)与 (3 97± 0 2 6) μmol/gdw ,P <0 0 1]、心律失常发生及评分 [(2 0 3± 0 83 )与 (3 88± 1 2 5)分 ,P <0 0 1]、心肌含水量 [(84± 4)与 (90± 5) % ,P <0 0 1]比较 ,实验组均低于对照组。各时点冠状动脉流量显著增高。两组之间的电机械活动恢复时间、心率变化差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。　结论　传统的St     

生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%乙醇洗脱部位药效学比较研究

目的:对炮制前后变化明显的组分50%和95%乙醇洗脱部位(简称部位)进行药效学比较研究,为阐明栀子的炮制原理和栀子饮片的合理应用提供科学依据。方法:采用抗炎、镇静、凝血及化学性肝损伤等指标,观察生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%部位作用的差别。结果:生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%部位对小鼠炎症反应有较好的抑制作用,对小鼠镇静作用不明显,对四氯化碳造成的肝损伤没有保护作用,焦栀子95%部位有明显的促进血液凝固的作用。结论:生栀子、焦栀子两个洗脱部位抗炎作用较好,对镇静和肝损伤作用不明显。焦栀子95%部位凝血作用明显,有较好的止血功效。     

Combination of acute preoperative plateletpheresis, cell salvage, and aprotinin minimizes blood loss and requirement during cardiac surgery

Acute preoperative plateletpheresis (APP), cell salvage (CS) technique, and the use of aprotinin have been individually reported to be effective in reducing blood loss and blood component transfusion while improving hematological profiles in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this prospective randomized clinical study, the efficacy of these combined approaches on reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements was evaluated. Seventy patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (group I, n = 10) did not receive any of the previously mentioned approaches. An APP and CS group (group II, n = 20) experienced APP in which preoperative platelet-rich plasma was collected and reinfused after reversal of heparin, along with the cell salvage technique throughout surgery. The third group (group III, n = 22) received aprotinin in which 5,000,000 KIU Trasylol was applied during surgery, and a combination group (group IV, n = 18) was treated with all three approaches, i.e., APP, CS, and aprotinin. Compared with group I (896+/-278 mL), the postoperative total blood loss was significantly reduced in groups II, III, and IV (468+/-136, 388+/-122, 202+/-81 mL, respectively, p < 0.05). The requirements of packed red blood cells in the three approached groups (153+/-63, 105+/-178, 0+/-0 mL, respectively) also were reduced when compared with group I (343+/-118 mL, p < 0.05). In group I, six patients (6/10) received fresh-frozen plasma and three patients (3/10) received platelet transfusion, whereas no patients in the other three groups required fresh-frozen plasma and platelet. In conclusion, both plateletpheresis concomitant with cell salvage and aprotinin contribute to the improvement of postoperative hemostasis, and the combination of these two approaches could minimize postoperative blood loss and requirement.     

儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的治疗进展

儿童孟氏骨折由于各种原因的漏诊、误诊常发展为陈旧骨折,严重影响肘关节生长发育.目前对陈旧孟氏骨折的研究报道很多,治疗方法多样,但尚缺少规范化的治疗标准.本文通过检索国内外文献,对儿童陈旧孟氏骨折的手术治疗及术后并发症作一综述.尺骨截骨联合切开复位以及根据术中情况决定是否实施环状韧带重建是目前广泛采用并且有效的手术治疗措施,术后并发症主要为桡骨头半脱位、关节活动受限.     

Cellular proliferation and differentiation induced by single-layer molybdenum disulfide and mediation mechanisms of proteins via the Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway

Single-layer molybdenum disulfide (SLMoS₂) is a novel kind of 2D nanosheet that has attracted great attention regarding its use in biosensors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and therapy. However, our results demonstrated that SLMoS₂ accelerated proliferation and promoted myogenic differentiation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELFs). The abnormal proliferation and differentiation of HELFs contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Specifically, SLMoS₂ significantly stimulated the expression of myofibroblast- and mesenchymal-associated genes and proteins. The Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway plays a critical role in the acceleration of proliferation and promotion of myogenic differentiation and EMT in HELFs induced by SLMoS₂. After cell uptake, SLMoS₂ was primarily located in the cytoplasm and the perinuclear region and activated Akt-dependent signaling due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding markedly inhibited the cellular uptake of SLMoS₂ and the production of intracellular ROS due to an increased thickness and reduced adhesion of HELFs. BSA binding also mitigated the SLMoS₂-activated phosphorylation of Akt-dependent signaling pathways. This study is the first to illustrate the induction of cellular proliferation and differentiation by SLMoS₂ and the related mediation by proteins through Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway.