血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇直接测定与Friedewald公式计算结果比较

采用聚乙烯硫酸（ＰＶＳ）沉淀法测定血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）值，同时应用Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｗａｌｄ公式计算ＬＤＬ－Ｃ含量，并对两法结果进行比较分析，提出当甘油三脂（ＴＧ）＜４．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，Ｆ公式计算法可代替ＰＶＳ法，当ＴＧ＞４．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，不宜用Ｆ公式计算ＬＤＬ－Ｃ的值。     

Kinetics and enzyme involvement in the metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in microsomes of rat lung and nasal mucosa.

The rat lung and nasal cavity are two target organs for carcinogenesis by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). In order to characterize further the enzymes involved in the bioactivation of NNK, detailed kinetic and inhibitory studies were conducted with rat lung and nasal mucosa microsomes, and the results were compared with previous studies. The enzymes in rat lung microsomes catalyzed the alpha-hydroxylation, pyridine N-oxidation and carbonyl reduction of NNK. The apparent Km for the formation of the NNK-derived keto aldehyde, NNK-N-oxide, the NNK-derived keto alcohol and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol were 28.8, 10.4, 7.0 and 178.1 microM respectively. In rat nasal microsomes, alpha-hydroxylation was the predominant pathway and the rate was approximately 200 times higher than that in lung microsomes. The apparent Kms for keto aldehyde and keto alcohol formation in rat nasal microsomes were 9.6 and 10.1 microM respectively. The cytochrome P450 inhibitors metyrapone and carbon monoxide markedly inhibited the metabolism of NNK in both rat lung and nasal microsomes. In rat lung microsomes, alpha-naphthoflavone and monospecific antibodies against P450s 1A2, 2A1 and 2B1 inhibited the formation of keto aldehyde by 39, 46, 64 and 23% respectively. In rat nasal microsomes, alpha-naphthoflavone and antibodies against P450s 1A2, 2A1 and 3A inhibited the metabolism of NNK by 80, 35, 20 and 14% respectively. The results indicate that cytochromes P450 play a major role in the metabolic activation of NNK in rat lung and nasal microsomes, and that there are tissue-related differences in NNK metabolism.     

预移植在胚胎移植中的意义

目的 :评价预移植在胚胎移植中的作用。　方法 :在超声波引导下胚胎移植 114个周期 ,其中 10 1个周期进行预移植。比较预移植与未预移植周期临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率 ;按预移植与实际胚胎放置深度差值分组 ,并比较两组妊娠率和胚胎种植率。　结果 :预移植周期与未预移植周期临床妊娠率和种植率统计学差异无显著性(5 9.4 1%和 6 1.5 4 % ,35 .81%和 31.4 3% ,P均 >0 .0 5 ) ;按预移植与实际胚胎放置深度差值分组后 ,两组妊娠率和种植率统计学差异也无显著性 (6 1.5 4 %和 5 8.6 7% ,4 0 .79%和 34.0 9% ,P均 >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :在胚胎移植技术中 ,预移植不能准确指引胚胎移植深度     

Effects of thiamine deficiency on hepatic cytochromes P450 and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities

To elucidate the mechanisms by which thiamine deficiency affects hepatic microsomal monooxygenase activities, the effect of thiamine deficiency on two constitutive cytochrome P450 isozymes, P450IIE1 and P450IIC11, was investigated, using weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats. The clinical signs of thiamine deficiency were apparent after feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Thiamine deficiency caused an increase in P450IIE1, which was determined by N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase assay and immunoquantitation of P450IIE1. This increase in the P450IIE1 level was mainly attributed to thiamine deficiency per se but not to dietary restriction. Ketone bodies were not elevated in thiamine-deficient rats, whereas ketone bodies were elevated and may have served as inducing factors in calorically restricted pair-fed animals. Injections of pyruvate or pyrithiamine in addition to thiamine deficiency did not potentiate the induction effect. On the other hand, thiamine deficiency did not affect the level of P450IIC11 during the 3 weeks of feeding the thiamine-deficient diet. In addition, thiamine deficiency increased cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity but not steroid isomerase activity. The present study demonstrates the specificity of thiamine deficiency per se in the induction of P450IIE1 which does not involve an increase in the ketone body level.     

肩锁钩板治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的临床研究

目的：比较肩锁钩板和传统克氏针内固定治疗不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的疗效。方法：54例不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的患者接受了手术治疗，内固定分别是锁骨钩板或克氏针，根据国外的锁骨外侧段骨折肩部功能评价标准进行6－12个月的术后随访，随访结果运用统计学方法进行分析处理，结果：克氏针内固定组的手术优良率为77．3％，并发症发生率为27．3％，骨折愈合率为81．8％；锁骨钩板内固定组的手术优良率为100％，并发症发生率为3．1％，骨折愈合率100％。两组数据统计学差异有显著性，结论：在不稳定性锁骨外侧段骨折的手术治疗中，锁骨钩板较传统克氏针内固定有较高的手术优良率和骨折愈合率，且并发症的发生率较低，因此，它是一种疗效满意的内固定方法。     

Combination therapy: lonidamine, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy against the RIF-1 tumor in vivo.

Lonidamine enhances the cytotoxicity in vitro of several conventional antitumor drugs as well as that of hyperthermia (HT). We have investigated the possibility that such enhancement can also be demonstrated in vivo against the RIF-1 tumor system. Two assays were used to examine antitumor activity: tumor growth delay and clonogenicity of cells obtained from tumors from treated animals. We used drug (and HT) doses that by themselves did not achieve significant cell killing. The drugs whose interaction with lonidamine was tested were: cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, and nitrosourea. Of these only CDDP and MMC yielded positive data. Both assays gave essentially the same results, showing that antitumor activity reflected direct cell killing. CDDP and MCC activity was also enhanced by HT. When we combined all three modalities, however, the results of the trimodality therapies were no better than that of individual bimodality treatments. These last results suggest that lonidamine and HT have similar mechanisms, most likely inhibition of repair of DNA damage. Our data do suggest that lonidamine may have a role in multidrug therapies that include either CDDP or MMC as a component of the treatments.     

缺失型DMD／BMD患者PCR快速检测的可行性与意义

应用对应于Ｄｙｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｎ基因缺失热区的二对ＰＣＲ引物和一对内对照无关引物，在同一反应体系中扩增，检测６６例ＤＭＤ／ＢＭＤ患者。发现其中２５例存在１７号或４９号外显子缺失，与同时采用ｃＤＮＡ探针杂交检测出的３５例基因缺失相比．检出率达７１．４％。说明该扩增系统能够作为快速筛查缺失型ＤＭＤ／ＢＭＤ患者的有效手段。这对指导合理选用探针，尤其在产前诊断方面，具有重要意义。     

山东产四种菟丝子免疫增强作用的比较研究

目的 比较山东产四种菟丝子对小鼠免疫功能、抗疲劳、耐缺氧等方面的作用。方法 选用昆明种小鼠，用山东产四种菟丝子的水、醇提取物灌胃，观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、免疫器官重量的变化、游泳实验和耐缺氧等指标。结果 山东产四种菟丝子均可增加小鼠吞噬百分率，使幼龄小鼠的胸腺和脾脏增重，并可显著延长小鼠的游泳及缺氧存活时间。其中以菟丝子和南方菟丝子的作用较好，水提取物的作用优于醇提取物。结论 山东产四种菟丝子具有增强机体免疫功能、抗疲劳、耐缺氧作用。菟丝子中的多糖是其提高机体免疫力，增强体质的有效物质之一。     

Clinical report of cervical arthroplasty in management of spondylotic myelopathy in Chinese

Objectives  

To investigate clinical effects and manual operational point of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis in Chinese, to observe the stability and range of movement (ROM) post-operatively.     

Breath-actuated inhalers in chronic asthma: comparison of Diskhaler and Turbohaler for delivery of beta-agonists.

An open, randomized, cross-over study was performed to compare the efficacy and acceptability of two breath-actuated inhalers, the Turbohaler (T) and Diskhaler (D), for delivery of beta-agonists. Thirty six adults with chronic asthma requiring beta-agonists four times daily were treated with terbutaline 500 micrograms via T and salbutamol 400 micrograms via D four times daily, each period lasting four weeks. Additional bronchodilator via pressurized aerosol was permitted as required. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was recorded in the morning (before and after beta-agonist) and in the evening. The mean morning PEF was higher during the first two weeks using T (295 l.min-1) than whilst using D (281 l.min-1, p < 0.01), but this difference did not persist during the second two weeks and there were no differences in post-bronchodilator PEF or rescue beta-agonist use. After four weeks, > 90% of patients used both inhaler devices efficiently and they were equally acceptable in terms of ease of use and convenience to carry. The Diskhaler and Turbohaler achieve similar clinical efficacy for delivery of beta-agonists.