A survey of bone mineral density of healthy Han adults in China

Summary  

A recent survey of bone mineral density (BMD) in China recruited 7,042 healthy Han Chinese aged 20 years and older. The mean BMDs were different in gender, age, and region; the proportions of men and women older than 50 years with a high risk of osteoporosis were estimated as 10.4% and 31.2%, respectively     

Choice of surgical approach for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in combination with cervical disc hernia

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a common spinal disorder that presents with or without cervical myelopathy. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that OPLL often coexists with cervical disc hernia (CDH), and that the latter is the more important compression factor. To raise the awareness of CDH in OPLL for spinal surgeons, we performed a retrospective study on 142 patients with radiologically proven OPLL who had received surgery between January 2004 and January 2008 in our hospital. Plain radiograph, three-dimensional computed tomography construction (3D CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine were all performed. Twenty-six patients with obvious CDH (15 of segmental-type, nine of mixed-type, two of continuous-type) were selected via clinical and radiographic features, and intraoperative findings. By MRI, the most commonly involved level was C5/6, followed by C3/4, C4/5, and C6/7. The areas of greatest spinal cord compression were at the disc levels because of herniated cervical discs. Eight patients were decompressed via anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), 13 patients via anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), and five patients via ACDF combined with posterior laminectomy and fusion. The outcomes were all favorable. In conclusion, surgeons should consider the potential for CDH when performing spinal cord decompression and deciding the surgical approach in patients presenting with OPLL.     

经输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石失败原因的分析及对策

目的通过分析输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石的失败原因,提高对输尿管上段结石治疗的效果和成功率。方法我院自2003年5月至2007年6月,共经输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石347例,其中碎石失败83例。本组病例年龄23～65岁,平均46岁;男性49例,女性34例。66例患者在术前30d内有过肾绞痛病史。术前曾行体外冲击波碎石治疗失败者14例。术前均行静脉肾盂造影检查,结石直径0.6～1.6cm,平均1.0cm。所有病例使用STORZ产8F输尿管镜。结果1例因结石粉碎不完全,双J管放置未达肾盂,引起梗阻感染,5d后急诊开放手术治愈。3例因结石远端息肉,输尿管镜不能到达结石或术中息肉出血视野不清而中转开放手术取石。63例因结石大部或全部返入肾盂,追加体外冲击波碎石。15例因输尿管狭窄经扩张后或扭曲仍不能到达结石,其中10例中转开放手术取石,5例改行经皮肾镜取石术。1例因术中输尿管穿孔而中转开放。结论经输尿管镜治疗输尿管上段结石失败的原因较多,但通过相应的技术改进和病例选择,可以得到满意的疗效。     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术与开放手术治疗鹿角形肾结石的比较

目的比较经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)与开放手术治疗鹿角形肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析我院自2003年6月至2008年12月收治120例鹿角形肾结石患者的临床资料,其中PCNL组79例,开放手术组41例,比较两种治疗手段的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、结石排净率、并发症发生率等指标。结果 PCNL组与开放手术组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),结石排净率、术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PCNL是治疗肾鹿角型结石的一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Standardization of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Operation

Background  

The lack of standardized procedures of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroid operations may lead to highly variable results, and many of these results can cause misleading information and, conversely, increase the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Therefore, standardization of IONM procedures is necessary.     

Sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen as the path of SWL in the supine position to treat distal ureteral stone

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) using sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen as the path to treat distal ureteral stone in supine position. Between December 2006 and November 2008, 243 cases of distal urinary calculi were treated in our department using SWL or ureteroscopy. 189 cases for SWL were treated in supine position. The shockwave target on the stone in distal ureter via sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen, avoiding the sacroiliac joint. 54 cases were underwent ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. The stone-free rate and the efficacy quotient (EQ) for SWL and ureteroscopy was 81.5%, 0.68; 94.4%, 0.78; respectively (p = 0.02). The retreatment rate for SWL and ureteroscopy was 14.6%, 0, respectively. The number of the shocks ranged from 600 to 3,000 (mean 2,566.3 ± 378.8). The energy per pulse of SWL ranged from 8 to 12 kV (mean 10.7). SWL in the supine position using sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen as the path is a choice of the treatment of distal ureteral stones with an excellent success rate and low side effect.     

Family Functioning,Marital Satisfaction and Social Support in Hemodialysis Patients and their Spouses

A growing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of marital quality among patients undergoing medical procedures. The aim of the study was to expand the literature by examining the relationships between stress, social support and family and marriage life among hemodialysis patients. A total of 114 participants, including 38 patients and their spouses and 38 healthy controls, completed a survey package assessing social support, stress, family functioning and marital satisfaction and quality. We found that hemodialysis patients and spouses were less flexible in family adaptability compared with the healthy controls. Patients and spouses had more stress and instrumental social support compared with healthy people. Stress was negatively associated with marital satisfaction. Instrumental support was not associated with family or marital outcomes. The association between marital quality and support outside of family was positive in healthy individuals but was negative in patients and their spouses. Family adaptability was positively associated with support within family as perceived by patients and positively associated with emotional support as perceived by spouses. In conclusion, findings suggest that social support may promote adjustment depending on the source and type. Future research should pay more attention to the types and sources of social support in studying married couples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solid Organ Transplantation From Hepatitis B Virus–Positive Donors: Consensus Guidelines for Recipient Management

Use of organs from donors testing positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) may safely expand the donor pool. The American Society of Transplantation convened a multidisciplinary expert panel that reviewed the existing literature and developed consensus recommendations for recipient management following the use of organs from HBV positive donors. Transmission risk is highest with liver donors and significantly lower with non‐liver (kidney and thoracic) donors. Antiviral prophylaxis significantly reduces the rate of transmission to liver recipients from isolated HBV core antibody positive (anti‐HBc+) donors. Organs from anti‐HBc+ donors should be considered for all adult transplant candidates after an individualized assessment of the risks and benefits and appropriate patient consent. Indefinite antiviral prophylaxis is recommended in liver recipients with no immunity or vaccine immunity but not in liver recipients with natural immunity. Antiviral prophylaxis may be considered for up to 1 year in susceptible non‐liver recipients but is not recommended in immune non‐liver recipients. Although no longer the treatment of choice in patients with chronic HBV, lamivudine remains the most cost‐effective choice for prophylaxis in this setting. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin is not recommended.     

Body mass index,waist‐to‐hip ratio,waist circumference and waist‐to‐height ratio cannot predict male semen quality: a report of 1231 subfertile Chinese men

There were controversial results between obesity‐associated markers and semen quality. In this study, we investigated the correlations between age, obesity‐associated markers including body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC), the combination of age and obesity‐associated markers, semen parameters and serum reproductive hormone levels in 1231 subfertile men. The results showed that BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were positively related to age, and there were also positive relations between BMI, WHR, WC and WHtR and between sperm concentration (SC), total sperm count (TSC), progressive motility (PR), sperm motility and per cent of normal sperm morphology (NSM). However, age, each of obesity‐associated markers and the combination of obesity‐associated markers and age were unrelated to any of semen parameters including total normal‐progressively motile sperm count (TNPMS). Age, BMI, WHR, WC and WHtR were negatively related to serum testosterone and SHBG levels. However, only serum LH and FSH levels were negatively related to sperm concentration, NSM and sperm motility. In a conclusion, although age and obesity have significant impacts on reproductive hormones such as testosterone, SHBG and oestradiol, semen parameters related to FSH and LH could not be influenced, indicating that obesity‐associated markers could not predict male semen quality.