Quantitative MRI of articular cartilage and its clinical applications

Cartilage is one of the most essential tissues for healthy joint function and is compromised in degenerative and traumatic joint diseases. There have been tremendous advances during the past decade using quantitative MRI techniques as a noninvasive tool for evaluating cartilage, with a focus on assessing cartilage degeneration during osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, after a brief overview of cartilage composition and degeneration, we discuss techniques that grade and quantify morphologic changes as well as the techniques that quantify changes in the extracellular matrix. The basic principles, in vivo applications, advantages, and challenges for each technique are discussed. Recent studies using the OA Initiative (OAI) data are also summarized. Quantitative MRI provides noninvasive measures of cartilage degeneration at the earliest stages of joint degeneration, which is essential for efforts toward prevention and early intervention in OA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:991–1008. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

千金胶囊联合金刚藤胶囊治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床效果观察

目的:分析千金胶囊联合金刚藤胶囊治疗慢性盆腔炎的临床效果。方法:选取2015年3月至2016年5月河北省保定市第二医院收治的慢性盆腔炎患者96例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组48例。其中对对照组患者给予千金胶囊口服,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合金刚藤胶囊口服,比较2组患者的治疗总有效率、各项临床症状消失时间、血清细胞因子变化情况、不良反应情况等。结果:经过临床治疗后,观察组与对照组的治疗总有效率分别为95.83%与79.17%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者盆腔肿块消失时间、腹痛缓解时间、白带恢复正常时间、下腹坠胀缓解时间比较对照组均明显较短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前2组患者的血清细胞因子检测水平无明显差异,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后观察组患者检测水平比较对照组明显较优,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组患者治疗后均未出现较为明显的不良反应现象。结论:对慢性盆腔炎患者采取千金胶囊联合金刚藤胶囊进行治疗的疗效显著,可明显改善患者腹痛、下腹坠胀等临床症状,改善血清细胞因子水平,药物安全性高,值得在今后的临床工作中实践推广。     

DBC1的研究进展

DBC1是近年来新发现的一种蛋白,属于小GTP酶类Rho家族的非典型成员。最初因为在乳腺癌组织中杂合性缺失被鉴定出来的。目前关于DBC1在乳腺癌上的研究报道尚少。本文对国内外关于该基因的有关研究进行综述,了解其分子机制,基因表达情况。     

腔内超声诊断盆段输尿管结石的价值

目的 探讨经阴道或直肠彩色多普勒超声对输尿管盆段结石诊断的价值.方法 用腔内彩色多普勒超声检查10例正常人双侧输尿管和21例输尿管盆段结石者的正常与患侧输尿管,显示输尿管及腔内结石;测量排尿期及排尿间隔期输尿管腔内径,记录输尿管口喷尿持续时间、间歇时间.结果 腔内超声对输尿管盆段结石的显示率100%.结石近段管腔内径较...     

龙牡壮骨颗粒强筋壮骨作用综述

本文主要对龙牡壮骨颗粒强筋壮骨的基础理论、药理药效研究以及临床应用情况进行综述,明确其作用机制和临床疗效。同时对其安全性方面进行全面综述。     

Clinical significance and pathological features of ectopic lymphoid-like structures in IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and pathological features of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration and related ectopic lymphoid-like structures in IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN). Methods Complete data was collected from 24 patients with IgG4-TIN confirmed by pathology in the Peking University First Hospital. The renal specimens were examined by routine light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy examination. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of CD20+ B lymphocytes, CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells. Results A total of 24 patients were enrolled in the study, including 21 males (87.5%), 3 females (12.5%). The age was (58.0±10.8) years (38-75 years). Pathology analysis showed ectopic lymphoid-like structures were located in 16 (66.7%) cases and Russell bodies were detected in infiltrative plasma cells of 19(79.2%) cases with IgG4-TIN. Compared with cases without Russell body formation, cases with Russell body formation in renal interstitial plasma cells were more prone to show ectopic germinal center-like structure formation (P=0.001), tubular basement membrane (TBM) electron dense deposits (P=0.040) and reduced blood C3 levels (P=0.028). Conclusions Abnormal tubulointerstitial infiltration of ectopic lymphoid-like structures and plasma cells with prominent Russell body exist in IgG4-TIN patients, which suggests the persistent activation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in renal interstitium may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgG4-TIN.     

11~13+6周规范化超声检查的临床应用

目的 评估11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查筛查胎儿严重畸形的效能。方法 分析接受11~13⁺⁶周超声检查且有随访结果的3 515胎胎儿早孕期超声表现,并评估11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的价值。结果 11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查诊断胎儿畸形的敏感度为80.00%（60/75）、特异度为99.42%（3 420/3 440）、准确率为99.00%（3 480/3 515）,阳性预测值为75.00%（60/80）、阴性预测值为99.56%（3 420/3 435）。严重结构畸形分布5大系统,共21种畸形。结论 11~13⁺⁶周规范化超声检查可筛查胎儿异常包括胎儿严重结构畸形及染色体畸形。     

直肠癌体素内不相干运动MRI参数的一致性和可重复性

目的 探讨直肠癌体素内不相干运动（IVIM）MRI参数测量的一致性和可重复性。方法 对128例经病理证实的直肠腺癌患者于治疗前行直肠常规高分辨MR和IVIM扫描。选择两种b值组合（A组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600和1 000 s/mm²;B组：0、5、10、20、30、40、60、80、100、150、200、400、600、1 000、1 500和2 000 s/mm²）,拟合计算出两组IVIM参数图,分别测量肿瘤区域单纯扩散系数（D）、假性扩散系数（D^*）和灌注分数（f）值。由同一观察者间隔3个月重复测量肿瘤区域D、D^*和f值;采用组内相关系数（ICC）和Bland-Altman图评价测量的一致性和可重复性。结果 两种b值组合图像所测量D、D^*、f值差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.968（0.955,0.977）、0.780（0.688,0.845）和0.957（0.934,0.970）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（10.8%,22.4%）、（14.8%,61.9%）、（-45.3%,-10.2%）。同一观察者2次测量D^*值差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）;D、D^*及f值的ICC及95%置信区间分别为0.826（0.670,0.908）、0.678（0.392,0.830）和0.910（0.830,0.952）;Bland-Altman图显示差异百分比的±1.96标准差分别为（-15.3%,12.4%）、（-39.6%,61.2%）、（-22.6%,22.9%）。结论 两种b值组合图像测量直肠癌各IVIM参数的一致性良好,D值和f值测量的可重复性良好。     

High-strength lignin-based carbon fibers via a low-energy method

Bio-renewable carbon fibers are fabricated and employed as high-strength composite materials in many fields. In this work, a facile and low energy consumption method was developed to fabricate high-strength lignin-based carbon fibers. Using iodine treatment, the thermodynamic stability of the lignin-based precursor fibers increased significantly, and thus energy consumption during the preparation of the carbon fibers was reduced. The influence of the iodine treatment on fibers was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, tension testing, etc. The resulting iodine lignin-based carbon fibers had better tensile strength (89 MPa) than that of PAN carbon fibers produced by electrospinning technology.

A simple low-energy method to fabricate lignin-based carbon fibers with excellent mechanical properties via electrostatic spinning.     

轮状病毒肠炎肠外器官损伤的临床研究

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