普高与空军青航校毕业生抗荷体质差异

目的 对比青少年航空学校学员与普通高中生招飞抗荷体质相关指标差异,探索青少年航空学校抗荷体质训练成果并为训练方案优化提供科学依据。方法 随机抽取参加2022年空军招飞医学选拔定选阶段的部分青航校高三学员与同年级普通高中生作为研究对象,青航校学员按照既定培养方案,在高中阶段开展专项抗荷体质训练,并通过问卷调查收集普通高中生体育锻炼情况,纳入身体尺寸、身体成分、肌肉力量等指标进行对照研究,采用SPSS.26进行统计学分析。结果 青航校学员身高、四肢长、平静胸围、体质量均显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),二者坐高无统计学差异。青航校学员SMI显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05),但体脂率对比无显著差异(P＞0.05);青航校学员背力与腿力均值/峰值显著高于普通高中生(P＜0.05);SMI与抗荷力量呈显著正相关,体脂率与抗荷力量不存在显著相关。青航校学员与普通高中生SMI分布存在差异,青航校学员的高SMI比例更高、低SMI比例更低(P＜0.05),而青航校与普通高中生体脂率分布无统计学差异(P＞0.05);结论 青航校抗荷体质训练在抗荷相关肌肉力量提高方面成效显著,但是在体脂率控制方面仍存在改进空间,未来青航校抗荷体质训练需要兼顾肌肉训练与体脂控制。     

The kinase p38α functions in dendritic cells to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and allergic inflammation

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in controlling T helper 2 (Th2) cell-dependent diseases, but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood. We showed that p38α activity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines. p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation. Further study showed that p38α in cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis. Importantly, crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase, not the effector phase, and was conserved between mice and humans. Our results identify p38α signaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function, and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.     

心脏磁共振纵向弛豫时间定量在肥厚型心肌病和扩张型心肌病中的应用价值

采用磁共振纵向弛豫时间定量(T1 mapping)成像技术评价23例肥厚型心肌病(HCM)和18例扩张型心肌病(DCM)纤维化的价值,研究初始T1值与心功能指标的相关性.结果 显示初始T1值在HCM组、DCM组及对照组分别为[(1 318.4±44.7)、(1 353.7±56.9)、(1 267.0 ±24.3)ms...     

重视供肝机械灌注研究,推动肝移植高质量发展

随着器官捐献数量不断增加和扩大标准供者(ECD)供肝定义不断拓展,供肝质量必然成为影响肝移植高质量发展的突出问题,也是相关领域的研究重点.最大限度解决器官短缺和推动器官移植高质量发展是我国器官捐献与移植事业发展的方向.近年来,利用机械灌注(MP)对供肝进行灌注、保存、评估及修复,已成为当前国际上提高肝移植质量的研究热点...     

肺癌血供的DSA研究及临床意义

目的：进一步明确肺癌的血供来源，为肺癌的介入治疗提供理论依据。材料与方法：对１８例原发性肺癌和２例转移性肺癌在介入治疗前同时行支气管动脉造影和肺动脉ＤＳＡ造影。结果：２０例肺癌全部由支气管动脉供血，肺动脉不参与肺癌的供血。结论：肺癌的灌注化疗或栓塞治疗均应经支气管动脉，不必经肺动脉     

中国女子足球运动员运动损伤规律及防治的初步研究

1997年春训时,对国家队等8支女子足球队共175名运动员进行了运动损伤调查及病因分析,结果显示女子足球运动损伤发生率为235.4％,其中急性损伤占41.8％,慢性损伤占58.2％。发病率列前6位的运动损伤依次为踝关节扭伤、膝关节韧带损伤、大腿后肌群拉伤、颈椎劳损、踝部骨关节病、腰肌劳损。损伤原因为训练水平不足、训练缺乏科学性、人为因素、客观原因。针对病因,我们以广东队等4队93名运动员作为防治组(陕西队等3队58人作为自然对照组),采取了综合防治措施。1998年春训时调查结果显示防治组运动损伤发生率为105.4％,而对照组运动损伤发生率为229.3％,二者有显著性差异(P＜0.05),表明在目前条件下,采取本文综合性防治措施是行之有效的。     

The FAPα-activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway

Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with highly proliferative and invasive properties, a high incidence of pulmonary metastasis and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for osteosarcoma. Currently, there are no molecular targeted drugs approved for osteosarcoma treatment, particularly effective drugs for osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases. It has been reported that fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) is upregulated in osteosarcoma and critically associated with osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, demonstrating that FAPα-targeted agents might be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In the present study, we reported that the FAPα-activated vinblastine prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH exhibited potent antitumor activities against FAPα-positive osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, it also decreased the migration and invasion capacities and reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, Z-GP-DAVLBH suppressed the AXL/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, leading to inhibition of the growth and metastatic spread of osteosarcoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Z-GP-DAVLBH is a promising agent for the treatment of FAPα-positive osteosarcoma, particularly osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.KEY WORDS: Osteosarcoma, Fibroblast activation protein alpha, Growth, Pulmonary metastasis, Vinblastine prodrug, AXL, β-Catenin     

Synergistic effects of malononitrilamides (FK778, FK779) with tacrolimus (FK506) in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat

BACKGROUND: The effects of tacrolimus (FK506) and malononitrilamides (MNA) (FK778 and FK779) monotherapy and combination therapy were examined in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection in the rat. METHODS: Brown Norway (RT1n)-to-Lewis (RT11) and ACI (RT1a)-to-Lewis (RT11) combinations were used, respectively, for heart and kidney transplantation models. Immunosuppressants were administered orally from day 1 to day 14 for preventing acute rejection and from day 4 to day 34 after transplantation for the reversal of ongoing acute rejection. RESULTS: In the prevention of acute heart rejection model, recipient rats treated with monotherapy of tacrolimus or MNA (FK778, FK779) showed a dose-related prolongation of mean survival time (MST) compared with naive control rats (P<0.01). The mean survival time in combination therapy of tacrolimus (FK506) and FK778 indicated that an additive to synergistic interaction was produced when compared with the respective monotherapies (combination index [CI]=0.631-1.022). These results were reproducible with tacrolimus and FK779 combination therapy (CI=0.572-0.846). Furthermore, similar results were also found in the prevention of acute kidney allograft rejection in the rat (CI=0.137-0.516). In the reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection, combination therapy of tacrolimus and FK778 demonstrated a strong synergistic interaction (CI=0.166-0.970) compared with monotherapy of tacrolimus or FK778. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of tacrolimus and MNA (FK778, FK779) produces synergistic effects in prevention of acute heart and kidney rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat.     

小剂量布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合硬脊膜外腔阻滞用于分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨小剂量布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合硬脊膜外腔阻滞对分娩镇痛效果的影响.方法 60例单胎头位自然分娩的初产妇,随机分为蛛网膜下腔阻滞-硬脊膜外腔阻滞联合镇痛组(CESA)和硬脊膜外腔阻滞镇痛组(EA组),各30例.CESA组应用0.075%布比卡因1.5 mg蛛网膜下腔注射后硬脊膜外腔置管,试验剂量为1%利多卡因5 mL,观察5min无全脊髓麻醉现象,接患者自控镇痛(PCA)泵.EA组试验剂量后5、10 min各注射5 mL PCA预充液,接PCA镇痛泵.比较两组产妇5、15、30、60 min宫缩期的视觉模拟(VAS)评分、下肢运动情况、第1产程活跃期时间、不良反应和新生儿Apgar评分等.结果 CESA组的5、15、30 min宫缩期的VAS评分分别为(3.10±2.83)、(2.23±1.52)、(2.23±1.36)分,均显著低于EA组的(9.07±0.74)、(6.33±1.52)、(3.34±0.94)分(P值均＜0.01);两组间60 min宫缩期的VAS评分的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组间下肢Bromage评分、新生儿Apgar评分、产妇的不良反应发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 与硬脊膜外腔阻滞镇痛相比,小剂量布比卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞联合硬脊膜外阻滞用于分娩镇痛具有镇痛起效快,效果确切,下肢运动、产程不受影响的优点,使产妇感到更为舒适.     

患者肿瘤组织来源的胶质母细胞瘤类器官的制备方法

目的：探讨胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）患者肿瘤组织来源的GBM类器官（GBO）模型的制备方法。方法：选取2021年广东三九脑科医院新诊断经病理确诊的8例GBM患者的新鲜肿瘤组织标本,将其剪成0.5～1 mm大小的组织碎片并用特制的培养基进行培养,待其成球且直径达到1 mm时剪小传代,同时选取培养2周以上的GBO进行石蜡包埋、切片,后进行H-E染色和免疫组化染色检测,并与亲本GBM组织进行组织学与细胞学的比较。结果：成功培养2例可传代冻存的GBO,并建立GBO生物库。H-E染色结果显示,GBO保留了与亲本GBM组织相似的组织结构和细胞形态;免疫组化实验结果显示,GBO与GBM组织中GFAP、OLIG2、Ki67和ATRX分子的表达情况一致。结论：将患者来源的GBM组织在体外剪小并用特制培养基培养,可构建与GBM患者肿瘤组织在组织和细胞层面一致的GBO。