Performance characteristics and image fidelity of gray-scale monitors.

Gray-scale monitors are an essential element of electronic radiology, and their ability to provide images that are perceived to be identical to those available on conventional or laser-printed film is crucial to success of electronic radiology. Image fidelity is measured in physical characteristics (luminance, dynamic range, distortion, resolution, and noise) and with psychophysical techniques, including receiver operator characteristics analysis with clinical images and testing with contrast-detail patterns to determine threshold contrast. Currently, laser-printed images facilitate greater information transfer than does a gray-scale monitor because of their higher absolute luminance (500 ft-L vs 60 ft-L), greater perceived dynamic range, and better spatial resolution. In the near future, the developments of gray-scale monitors with 150-200 ft-L luminance, a display standard based on just noticeable differences, and algorithms to improve similarities between gray-scale display images and laser-printed images will help increase the acceptability of monitors as a means to make primary diagnoses.     

The prevalence of LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant in Chinese Han population with Parkinson's disease.

We conducted a case-control study to determine the prevalence of the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant in patients with Parkinson's disease in Han population in mainland China. Heterozygous LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant was identified in 14 of 235 patients with Parkinson's disease (5.69%), but not in 214 unrelated healthy controls. Multivariate analysis indicated the frequency of Gly2385Arg variant in the female patients with early age at onset is higher than their male counterparts. The founder haplotype analysis showed the variant carriers shared the same founder. Clinically, the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg carriers presented with classical Parkinson's disease symptoms. Our study indicates that the LRRK2 Gly2385Arg variant is a potential ethnic-specific genetic risk factor of Parkinson's disease within Chinese Han ethnicity.     

对聘用合同护士的思考和建议

20世纪90年代军队医院由于受编制所限，首先聘用合同护士。进入21世纪，面对激烈的医疗市场竞争，大部分公立医院为减少人力成本，也开始以低薪聘用合同护士。由于专业所限及就业难度加大，使越来越多合同护士走上医院的护理岗位。合同护士的地位、待遇和使用与正式护士存在较大差别。据《健康报》报道，安徽省卫生厅医政处对该省60家医院合同护士调查显示：仅有1．66％的合同护士和正式护士享有同样的待遇。[第一段]     

医院双语标识使用之我见

在现代化医院面临国内国际竞争时，医院双语服务摆到了医院管理者的议事日程上来。医院双语服务，特别是医院外语（英语）标识应采用国际化、标准化外语（英语）。医院使用双语标识时应注意几个问题：     

白细胞介素-4和γ-干扰素基因联合治疗胶质瘤

目的 探讨逆转录病毒载体介导的白细胞介素(IL)-4和γ-干扰素(IFN)基因联合治疗胶质瘤的作用。方法构建携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒载体，将其导入逆转录病毒包装细胞；将携带IL-4和IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒包装细胞分别或联合注射到脑内荷瘤大鼠的肿瘤组织中，观察其治疗作用。结果成功获得携带治疗基因的逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317IFN-γ和PA317IL-4，所产病毒滴度分别为2x10^6cfu／ml和2．5x10^6cfu／ml。包装细胞瘤内注射能够诱导大鼠产生抗肿瘤免疫反应，杀伤肿瘤细胞，联合应用具有协同治疗作用。结论携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒包装细胞瘤内注射是一种有效的胶质瘤基因治疗方法，两者联合应用具有协同治疗作用。     

医院感染及漏报率统计分析

目的　了解我院医院感染发生及漏报率。方法　将我院 2 0 0 3年 1～ 12月出院的所有病例进行回顾性调查。结果　医院感染率 7.3 2 %、漏报率 14 .93 %,均符合国家卫生部要求。结论　做好医院感染监测工作 ,严格执行各项工作制度 ,掌握医院感染与手术并发症的鉴别诊断 ,提高医院感染诊断的准确率     

Polymorphism p53 codon-72 and invasive cervical cancer: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Although some studies have reported that the arginine isoform on codon 72 of p53 increases the susceptibility to invasive cervical cancer, such data remain controversial. The objective of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for such a relationship. METHODS: Our data sources consisted of a MEDLINE search of the literature published before December 2002, bibliography review, and expert consultation. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Information on sample size, study design, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and method of genotype determination was abstracted by two reviewers using a standardized protocol. The overall odds ratio (OR) of the p53 gene on invasive cervical cancer was estimated using the Mantel-Haenzel method. RESULTS: The overall OR (95% confidence interval) for cervical cancer among those with the homozygous mutant (Arg/Arg) was 1.2 (1.1-1.3, P=0.001) compared with those with the heterozygous mutant (Arg/Pro). By a cellular type of cervical cancer, the overall OR among those with Arg/Arg was statistically significant in adenocarcinomas (1.7, 1.1-2.6, P=0.024), but not in squamous cell carcinomas (1.1, 0.9-1.2, P=0.960), compared with Pro/Pro. Compared with Arg/Pro, the OR among those with Arg/Arg was statistically significant in HPV types 16 (1,5, 1.2-2.0, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the p53 gene was associated with increased risk for invasive cervical cancer. However, the risk varied by country, cellular, and HPV type.     

Symmetry主动脉吻合器对大隐静脉移植物的损伤

目的　观察使用Symmetry主动脉吻合器时对大隐静脉移植物内皮有无损伤。 方法　对 10例使用Symmetry主动脉吻合器行冠状动脉旁路移植术患者进行自身对照研究。在主动脉吻合器使用前和使用后 ,切取自体大隐静脉片断 ,进行Ⅷ因子免疫组化染色 ,对照血管内皮损伤情况。结果　血管内皮细胞均匀着色 ,为深褐色颗粒 ,损伤处褐色颗粒排列中断。吻合器组内皮损伤处平均为 2 .5 5处 ,对照组为 2 .0处。结论　Symmetry主动脉吻合器对静脉内皮细胞无明显的机械损伤     

Simple measurement of spinal cord evoked potential: a valuable data source in the rat spinal cord injury model.

Measurement of spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEPs) is proposed as a means of predicting locomotion outcome in the rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Using 55 rats, three reproducible peak waves (waves I, II and III) were observed during stimulation at the C7 level with recording at the L1 epidural space. Hemisection at the T13 level showed three wave loss patterns: wave III loss only, loss of both wave II and III, and loss of all three waves. Defining an ideal SCI model as establishment of stable monoparesis or paraparesis, all animals in the wave II-III loss group showed favorable results. Histological data and electrophysiological properties allowed reasonable assumptions of wave origin: wave I from extrapyramidal tracts, wave II from the ventral corticospinal tract, and wave III from the dorsal corticospinal tract. Complete destruction of pyramidal tracts in both dorsal and ventral fibers was essential for long-term impairment of locomotion.