Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.     

Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

Comparative Study of the Genetic Diversity,Antimicrobial Resistance,and Pathogenicity of Aeromonas Isolates from Clinical Patients and Healthy Individuals

Objective This study was performed to compare the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas strains isolated from patients and healthy individuals. Methods A total of 38 clinical strains and 19 strains from healthy individuals were isolated from the samples collected in Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province. Their taxonomy was investigated using concatenated gyrB-cpn60 sequences, and their resistance to 12 antibiotics was evaluated. The pathogenicity of these strains was examined through beta-hemolysis, protease activity, and virulence gene assays. Results The 57 Aeromonas strains were divided into 55 sequence types. Of these types, 21 were novel, suggesting that their genetic diversity was high. These Aeromonas isolates could be divided into 7 species, and the positive rates of beta-hemolysis and protease activity were 49.1％ and 73.7％, respectively. The detection rate of clinical patients in terms of beta-hemolysis and protease activity was higher than that of healthy individuals. Among the four most common Aeromonas strains, A. dhakensis had the highest detection rate of virulence genes. The multidrug resistance rate of the clinical isolates was much higher than that of the strains isolated from healthy individuals. Conclusions The taxonomy, virulence properties, and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas isolates from patients differ from those of the isolates from healthy individuals.     

A Risk Prediction Model for Ischemic Stroke in Southern Chinese Population: Impact of Multiple Genetic Variants and Clinical/Lifestyle Factors

With a global prevalence of 7.7 million, ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In China, IS alone contributed to 69.6％? of stroke events and accounted for 37.1％? of the mortality/disability rate[1]. IS is a complex disease that is known to be associated?with?various?genetic?variants?and?clinical and lifestyle risk factors[2]. Genome -wide association studies (GWAS) provided evidence for the?occurrence?of?more?than?160?IS-associated?single nucleotide?polymorphisms?(SNPs).?In?terms?of?clinical risk factors, patients with a history of chronic diseases like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, display a higher risk of developing IS. Among the various lifestyle components, leading a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and having an unhealthy diet are known to be associated with the risk of IS. Thus, integration of various genetic, clinical, and lifestyle variables might prove to be highly beneficial in the prediction and prevention of IS?at?the?individual?level[3].     

Identification of Boseongicola sediminum sp. nov., a Novel Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209)-tolerant Strain Isolated from Coastal Sediment in Xiamen,China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of aromatic organic bromine compounds, which have been used in a broad array of polymeric materials (plastics, foams, resins, and adhesives) as brominated flame retardants. They are used in commercial and household products, including textiles, electronic equipment, airplanes, and automobiles, especially in China and the USA, because they are inexpensive with excellent flame-retardant effects[1]. During the past decade, over 14,000 tonnes of PBDEs have entered the market, and have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants[2].     

颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝对颅脑损伤并发脑耗盐综合征诊治的影响

目的:探讨颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝对颅脑损伤并发脑耗盐综合征(CSWS)发生、发展、治疗时间及预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析46例颅脑损伤并发CSWS患者的临床资料,按是否发生颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝分为脑疝组(n=28)和非脑疝组(n=18),比较两组低钠血症发生时间、最低中心静脉压值、最低血钠值、最高24 h尿钠值、最大24 h尿量、血钠恢复正常所需时间及预后评分的差异.结果:脑疝组发生CSWS的时间早于非脑疝组,最低中心静脉压、最低血钠值低于非脑疝组,最高24 h尿钠值、最大24 h尿量高于非脑疝组,血钠恢复正常所需时间长于非脑疝组,且患者预后更差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:颅脑损伤后颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝形成的患者出现CSWS的时间更早,症状更重,治愈时间更长,且预后更差,需密切监测血钠、尿钠、尿量、中心静脉压变化,力争早发现、早诊断和早治疗.     

许芝银调治气阴亏虚型石瘿

石瘿,西医病名甲状腺恶性肿瘤,目前是临床上最常见的头颈部恶性肿瘤类型之一,甲状腺癌术后常出现各种并发症.许芝银教授认为,石瘿术后常表现出气阴亏虚的证型,治疗以益气养阴为根本治法,同时注重调和肺脾肾,维持脏腑功能正常运行,术后短期使用全蝎清除余邪,术后长期使用西洋参补气扶正,同时对抗左甲状腺素钠片的副作用.     

胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ的酶免疫分析

本文建立了胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ(PGⅠ、PGⅠ)的酶免疫分析(EIA)方法。将抗PGⅠ单抗PGA4或抗PGⅡ单抗PGC8包被在板条微孔内,制成固相抗体,用过碘酸钠方法将抗PGⅠ单抗PGA7或抗PGⅡ单抗PGC10与辣根过氧化物酶相联结,成为标记抗体,二者与不同量的PGⅠ、Ⅱ标准品在磷酸缓冲液中保温反应后,根据测量数据画出标准曲线。对于PGⅠ、PGⅡBmax/B0分别为72.0和61.5,非特异结合分别小于1.3%和小于1.6%,灵敏度均为0.5ng/mL,批内CV分别为5.5%和6.8%,批间CV分别为12.0%和13.5%,回收率分别为98.5%和97.9%。测定40例胃癌组及40名正常组血清PGⅠ和PGⅡ,结果显示,胃癌血清PGⅠ低于正常组(P<0.001),PGⅡ高于正常组(P<0.01),PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值低于正常组(P<0.001)。新建PGⅠ、ⅡEIA与现行PGⅠ、ⅡIRMA具有良好的相关性。