结肠、直肠癌术前区域动脉灌注化疗的临床病理观察

目的 探讨结直肠癌术前区域动脉灌注化疗对临床病理特征的影响及其可行性。方法 对３０例结、直肠癌患者以Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ方法插管、行选择性区域动脉并行灌注化疗。结果 所有病例病理检查均发现沿血管周围的癌细胞发生核固缩、碎裂,胞浆凝固、坏死、细胞间质水肿、纤维增生、炎细胞浸因和出现内膜增生、血管炎及血栓形成。结论订前选择性区域动脉灌注化疗要明显发迹结直肠癌患者的组织学形态,并使患者临床症状改善,对结直     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的CT诊断（附40例分析）

在急性脑外伤患者的ＣＴ片研究弥漫性轴索损伤的ＣＴ征象，目的是为ＤＡＩ的诊断提供影像学依据。回顾性分析经临床确诊的４０例ＤＡＩ患者的早期ＣＴ表现，结合文献提出ＤＡＩ的ＣＴ诊断标准：脑白质内单发或多发无占位效应的小出血灶，中线结构无移位；蛛网膜下腔出血或脑池内出血；脑室内出血；弥漫性脑肿胀。     

肺内小病灶CT表现及其病理基础的研究：附76例分析

本文对７６例肺内小病灶（直径≤３ｃｍ）病例进行了ＣＴ－病理对照研究。结果表明，短毛刺征，深分叶征、棘状突起征、空泡征、血管集束征，胸膜凹陷征等对于诊断周围型小肺癌有重要临床价值；而尖角征、局限性胸膜肥厚粘连对诊断良性病灶有意义。本文重点讨论了血管集束征的定义，ＣＴ表现及病理基础；并就有争议的胸膜凹陷征提出一些粗浅的看法。旨在提高肺内小病灶良恶性诊断的准确率     

膝色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的手术治疗

对12例膝色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎病例的临床观察表明:关节镜检查有助于本病的诊断;局限型可采取单纯结节切除术,而弥漫型应采取综合治疗措施。作者指出,这是防止复发、保持关节正常活动范围行之有效的方法。     

胫骨平台骨折内固定疗效分析

目的　探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定治疗的临床效果。方法　回顾性总结用单侧钢板、双侧钢板及单纯螺钉、克氏针对不同类型的胫骨平台骨折作内固定疗效。同时分析伤后手术时机、术后外固定和屈膝功能锻炼时间对膝关节功能恢复的影响。结果　本组共 186例随访 6个月～ 6年 ,总优良率为 85 5 %。伤后第一阶段 (1～ 5d)手术 ,伤口一期愈合率为 86 92 % ,伤后第二阶段 (6～ 10d)手术 ,伤口一期愈合率为 96 5 %。术后 2周内作屈膝功能锻炼者膝关节伸屈功能 90 %以上恢复 ,外固定 6周后再作屈膝功能锻炼者 2 7 5 %病例出现膝关节伸屈活动度减小。结论　单侧钢板适用于按Schectzker分类Ⅰ～Ⅳ型骨折 ,双侧钢板适用于Ⅴ～Ⅵ型骨折 ,单纯螺钉克氏针 ,可用于Ⅰ～Ⅲ型骨折 ,但稳定性差。手术时机在受伤 1周以后局部水肿消退 ,皮肤出现皱纹时为最佳。术中植骨将减少术后胫骨平台的下陷 ,并能早期屈膝及负重功能锻炼 ,促进骨折愈合及功能恢复。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征发生阻塞部位上呼吸道的CT测量

了解CT测量对阻塞性睡眠呼吸道暂停综合征（obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS）患者上呼吸道狭窄的定位诊断意义。已知上呼吸道阻塞部位的OSAS患者共35例，将其阻塞部位CT测量资料与年龄性别相近的35名正常对照组比较，结果显示，患者组的各平面气道横截面积，气道前后径，左右径均明显小于对照组，咽喉壁和咽侧壁软组织厚度多大于对照组，发生睡眠期呼吸道阻塞的部位中有72．13％在患者清醒时其气道横截面积低于正常值，研究表明，阻塞部位的CT测量结果与正常对照组比较差异显著，72．13％的病例可以在常规的CT扫描测量中发现呼吸道解剖性狭窄。     

Changes in epidermal growth factor receptor expression in human bladder cancer cell lines following interferon-alpha treatment

PURPOSE: We examined the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) expression in human bladder cancer cell lines by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), the ability of IFN-alpha to inhibit cell proliferation and the sensitivity of IFN-alpha pretreated cells to EGF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell proliferation was determined using crystal violet colorimetric and clonogenic assays. EGFR expression was measured by flow cytometry using specific antibody or ligand binding approaches. RESULTS: After IFN-alpha (100 IU/ml) treatment cell surface EGFR expression was upregulated in 6 of 11 and down-regulated in 2 of 11 bladder cancer cell lines. The over expression of cell surface EGFR peaked within 48 to 96 hours and increased by 35% to 241% in individual cell lines. High level cell surface EGFR correlated with intracellular EGFR expression. Cell growth inhibition by IFN-alpha coexisted with EGFR over expression in the 6 lines. IFN-alpha treated cells remained sensitive to EGF treatment. CONCLUSIONS: IFN-alpha transiently up-regulates EGFR expression and inhibits in vitro growth in some human bladder cancer cells. IFN-alpha does not prevent EGFR from binding EGF or signal transduction via the EGF-EGFR pathway. This may have clinical implications for improving treatment based on EGFR targeting in select patients with bladder cancer.     

Atorvastatin reduction of intravascular thrombosis, increase in cerebral microvascular patency and integrity, and enhancement of spatial learning in rats subjected to traumatic brain injury

OBJECT: Atorvastatin, a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has pleiotropic effects, such as promoting angiogenesis, increasing fibrinolysis, and reducing inflammatory responses, and has shown promise in enhancing recovery in animals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. The authors tested the effect of atorvastatin on vascular changes after TBI. METHODS: Male Wistar rats subjected to controlled cortical impact injury were perfused at different time points with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)--conjugated dextran 1 minute before being killed. Spatial memory function had been measured using a Morris Water Maze test at various points before and after TBI. The temporal profile of intravascular thrombosis and vascular changes was measured on brain tissue sections by using a microcomputer imaging device and a laser confocal microscopy. The study revealed the following results. 1) Vessels in the lesion boundary zone and hippocampal CA3 region showed a variety of damage, morphological alterations, reduced perfusion, and intraluminal microthrombin formation. 2) Atorvastatin enhanced FITC-dextran perfusion of vessels and reduced intravascular coagulation. 3) Atorvastatin promoted the restoration of spatial memory function. CONCLUSIONS. These results indicated that atorvastatin warrants investigation as a potential therapeutic drug for TBI.     

Histopathological,Histogenetic, and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Epidermoid Cyst of Spleen

Splenic cysts are encountered not uncommonly, but large cysts occupying a significant portion of the spleen are extremely rare. We report a case of a young female patient presenting with a large epidermoid cyst involving the majority of the spleen. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which she sustained multiple rib fractures and traumatic internal organ injuries. She subsequently underwent exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy for grade III splenic lacerations. Incidentally, a 13.3 cm in greatest dimension splenic cyst replacing the majority of the splenic parenchyma was identified. Grossly, the inner lining of cyst was gray-white, smooth, and glistening. Histologically, the thick fibrous cyst wall was composed of stratified squamous epithelium, scattered foci of which were denuded. A panel of properly-controlled immunohistochemical stains was performed and showed the squamous epithelium to be strongly and diffusely immunoreactive with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19–9, and cytokeratin 5/6, focally immunoreactive with HBME-1, and negative for calretinin. The histomorphological features and immunohisto-chemical staining pattern were consistent with a diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst of the spleen.