多粘菌素B琼脂糖层析柱清除体液中内毒素

用多粘菌素B琼脂糖亲和层析法清除内毒素,结果表明:5ml多粘菌素B层析柱的总吸附内毒素能力为450 μg,用此法可完全清除体液或各种液体中的内毒素,对血清及腹水中的内毒素也有明显的吸附作用,而其他各种主要成分(除内毒素外)经过处理后无明显改变。去氧胆酸是一种强有力的去污剂,可使已饱和的柱子复活,复活率达85％左右。该方法有简便,可靠,吸附能力大,柱子的复活率高等优点。本方法的建立为内毒素血症的治疗展示了新的前景。     

加压滑动鹅头钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床与实验研究

探讨加压滑动鹅头钉在治疗股骨转子间骨折中的作用。临床应用４５例。男３４例，女１１例。平均年龄６１岁。稳定型１３例，不稳定型３２例。经临床应用和生物力学实验测定，结果表明：（１）对不稳定型转子间骨折，恢复小转子区内后侧皮质骨的连续性在骨折的稳定中具有重要作用。（２）内后侧骨折块解剖复位，加压螺丝钉固定或大转子骨折端加压螺丝钉固定能显著增强加压滑动鹅头钉的固定作用，明显提高不稳定型转子间骨折的术后稳定性。（３）该装置设计合理，性能坚固，对转子间骨折具有很强的固定作用，能有效地达到早期下床和避免长期卧床的目的，是目前临床最理想的内固定装置。     

子宫颈癌手术前放疗28例临床分析

我院１９８９年至１９９４年共行子宫颈癌广泛切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术３９例，其中２８例行术前放射治疗，１９例临床诊断为Ⅱｂ，随着手术技术的提高和术前放射治疗的配合，子宫颈癌的手术适应症的选择，可以扩大至Ⅱｂ，不增加手术的并发症，并具有一定的优点。     

蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素对大鼠血压和心率的影响

本文研究了蛛网膜下腔注射神经降压素（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎ，ＮＴ）对大鼠血压和心率的影响，结果表明：注射ＮＴ后血压立即下降，继而有所回升，但不及正常水平，然后再次降低，持续６０ｍｉｎ；心率无明显改变。Ｈ１受体阻断剂苯海拉明能部分阻断ＮＴ的降血压效应，Ｈ２受体阻断剂甲氰咪胍无翻转作用。注射组胺释放剂Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ４８／８０使血压下降，待血压恢复正常水平后，再注射ＮＴ，其降压效应减弱。结果提示：蛛网     

Multiple sclerosis: myelin basic protein induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mononuclear cells is suppressed by interferon-β 1b in vitro

Beta-interferon (IFN-β) is a promising treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS), reducing the exacerbation rate and MRI lesion burden, as well as the disease progression in relapsing-remitting MS. IFN-β was originally defined by its antiviral effects, but the interest has recently been focused on its immunomodulatory properties. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of several autoantigens considered to be the target for autoaggressive immune responses, which eventually might lead to the development of MS. To study in-vitro effects of IFN-β1b on MBP induced cytokine expression, mRNA for the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, the Th2 related IL-4 and IL-6, the cytolytic perforin and the immune response downregulating TGF-β was measured with in situ hybridization after culture of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in the presence and absence of MBP. Numbers of cells expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, perforin and IL-4 mRNA were significantly suppressed after culture with 10 U/ml IFN-β1b. No such effect was seen on MBP induced IL-6 or TGF-β mRNA expression. These observations suggest that one of the major effects of IFN-β1b is the induction of a shift in the cytokine mRNA profile towards a more immunosuppressive pattern. In parallel in vitro tests, the control substance dexametasone (40 μg/ml) reduced the numbers of cells expressing mRNA for all cytokines under study with the exception of TGF-β, to an extent equal to or even more pronounced than IFN-β1b.     

矽肺动物模型全肺灌洗治疗的病理观察

通过对动物模型实验治疗的病理观察，评价全肺大容量灌洗治疗矽肺的效果，并优选灌洗液。对４０只家兔和１０只幼猪经ＳｉＯ２染尘处理后，各随机分为药物组、盐水组和对照组。４～５周后施行全肺大容量灌洗。治疗后３～５个月处死各组动物，进行病理双盲检查。经统计学秩和检验，兔与猪各组肺矽结节纤维化级别分布的差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．００５）。经卡方检验，各灌洗组的纤维化程度与对照组相比，差异亦有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。灌洗液中药与盐水比，Ｐ＜０．０５；盐水与西药比，Ｐ＜０．０５。兔和猪矽肺各灌洗组的效果明显优于对照组。灌洗液中药优于盐水，盐水又优于西药     

益母草防治初发期急性肾小管坏死的实验研究

ＳＤ成年雄性大鼠，禁止１６小时，肌注甘油引起急性肾小管坏死（ＡＴＮ），于其初发期给予不同药液，观察到益母草组３、２４及４８小时Ｂｃｒ升高值，２４及４８小时ＢＵＮ升高值均明显低于自来水组和单纯禁水组，而与校正对照异搏停组近似，肾组织损伤程度亦明显减轻。结果表明，益母草对初发期急性肾小管坏死（ＩＡＴＮ）有一定的防治作用。     

Elevated extracellular potassium is associated with a reduced extracellular space in rat neural lobe in vitro

Summary Increased neural activity of neurosecretory cells is accompanied by large increases in extracellular K⁺. The possibility that elevations of this ion might involve fluid redistribution and thus affect the size of the extracellular space and the relationship between pituicytes and axons in the rat neural lobe was explored using rapid freezing and freeze-substitution. Neural lobes were incubated for 15 min before freezing either in a normal medium or one containing a 10 mM increase in KCl (high KCl), a 10 mM increase in KCl balanced by an equimolar reduction in NaCl (high KCl-low NaCl), or only a 10 mM reduction in NaCl (low NaCl). A quantitative assessment of the region of good fixation was made to determine the relative fractions occupied by axons, pituicytes and the extracellular space near the neurohaemal contact zone. In addition, the percentage of basal lamina contacted by pituicytes and axons was calculated, as was the degree of enclosure of axons by pituicytes.In neural lobes incubated in normal medium, the extracellular space accounted for approximately 30% of the cross-sectional area of the neuropil and could be divided into two domains: an extended perivascular space (28–29% of total area); and a narrow (approximately 24 nm; approximately 1% of total) space between closely apposed neurosecretory processes or between these processes and pituicytes. Pituicytes occupied almost 60% of the basal lamina at the neurohaemal contact zone, while axons occupied approximately 20%. Neural lobes incubated in either the high KCl solution, or in the high KCl-low NaCl solution, exhibited a significantly reduced extracellular space, to about 20% of the total area, or a reduction from controls of about one-third. The reduction was complemented by an increased area occupied by axons plus pituicytes. In the high KCl group, the contribution of the narrow spaces (22–24 nm) between apposed processes to the total extracellular space was greatly increased. The group exposed to low NaCl showed high variability in the size of extracellular space, and was thus not significantly different from any other group. No changes in any group were observed in the enclosure of axons by pituicytes, or in the relative amounts of axon and pituicyte apposition to the basal lamina.The subsequent buffering of K⁺ and other ions during periods of increased neuronal activity may be affected by changes in the extracellular space, thereby influencing stimulus-secretion coupling. A shrinkage of the extracellular space and the relative increase in the narrow spaces between processes initiated by elevated K⁺ could also alter the diffusion properties of the neural lobe.     

3,5-diBr-PADAP直接光度法测定血清锌

目的　建立一种不去除血清蛋白、简便灵敏的直接光度法测定血清锌。方法　以新的有机试剂2 -(3 ,5 二溴 -2 -吡啶偶氮 ) -5 -二乙氨基酚 (3 ,5 diBr -PADAP)为显色剂 ,在有表面活性剂存在的Tris-HC1介质中 ,手工分析法和自动分析法测定血清锌。结果　该法线性范围 0～ 80 μmol/L ,手工分析法和自动分析法平均回收率为 99 9%和 10 0 2 % ,批内变异系数 (CV)和批间变异系数分别为 0 0 18、 0 0 17和 0 0 2 8、0 0 2 6,与原子吸收分光光度法比较具有良好的相关性 ,线性回归方程和相关系数分别为Y =1 0 0 4X -0 12 6,r=0 9912和Y =1 0 0 6X -0 195 ,r =0 0 992 8。 89例健康人血清锌含量分别为 8 96～ 2 2 5 2 μmol/L和 8 63～2 2 43 μmol/L (x± 2s)。结论　用 3 ,5 diBr-PADAP直接光度法测定血清锌方法简便、灵敏可靠 ,适合临床应用。