对支气管哮喘患者进行系统教育和管理的效果评估

对哮喘患者进行教育和管理渐渐受到人们的重视并成为影响哮喘整体防治效果的重要因素。我院自从1999年起即以多种形式持之以恒进行着这方面的研究工作,由此而来的效果已经引起大家的关注。本研究旨在调查目前仍在我院接受哮喘教育和管理的成年患者对于哮喘的认知水平、用药情况和病情控制水平,并评价我们几年来进行哮喘患者系统教育和管理的效果,以指导今后工作,进一步提高哮喘管理水平。     

饮食服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染动态研究

目的为了解泰安市饮食服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染状况。方法应用ELISA方法在1995～1999年对53434名饮食服务业从业人员进行了血清HBsAg、抗-HBc、HBeAg和抗-HBe检测。结果1995～1999年饮食服务业从业人员血清HBsAg、抗-HBc、HBeAg和抗-HBe总阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,依次为4.41%、3.88%、3.46%、2.86%和2.50%,其差异有显著意义（χ     

Serum folic acid levels and erectile dysfunction: A meta-analysis and systematic review

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serum folic acid (FA) levels and erectile dysfunction (ED) through a meta-analysis. A research was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science up to 22 November 2020 to identify studies related to FA and ED. Two authors independently screened the literature, evaluated methodological quality and extracted the data. We used RevMan5.3 and STATA 14.0 for meta-analysis. A total of six studies including 1,842 participants were included, and the results showed that the FA levels in the non-ED group were significantly higher than those in the ED group (MD = 3.37, 95% CI 1.49–5.52, p = 0.004). Subgroup analysis indicated that with the increase in ED severity, the difference in FA levels between groups was more obvious (MD: 1.99 vs. 4.63 vs. 5.63). The differences in FA levels between groups seem more significant in the younger group (MD = 4.87, 95% CI 2.58–6.89, p < 0.001) than in the older group (MD = 3.15, 95% CI 2.21–4.08, p < 0.001). In conclusion, FA deficiency is closely related to ED, and the degree of FA deficiency may reflect the severity of ED. In addition, the association seems to be more pronounced in the younger group.     

Interphotoreceptor Retinol-Binding Protein Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration Through Rhodopsin

Patients with diabetes often experience visual defects before any retinal pathologies are detected. The molecular mechanism for the visual defects in early diabetes has not been elucidated. Our previous study reported that in early diabetic retinopathy (DR), rhodopsin levels were reduced due to impaired 11-cis-retinal regeneration. Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a visual cycle protein and important for 11-cis-retinal generation. IRBP levels are decreased in the vitreous and retina of DR patients and animal models. To determine the role of IRBP downregulation in the visual defects in early DR, we induced diabetes in transgenic mice overexpressing IRBP in the retina. IRBP overexpression prevented diabetes-induced decline of retinal function. Furthermore, IRBP overexpression also prevented decreases of rhodopsin levels and 11-cis-retinal generation in diabetic mice. Diabetic IRBP transgenic mice also showed ameliorated retinal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and retinal degeneration compared with diabetic wild-type mice. These findings suggest that diabetes-induced IRBP downregulation impairs the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal and rhodopsin, leading to retinal dysfunction in early DR. Furthermore, increased 11-cis-retinal–free opsin constitutively activates the phototransduction pathway, leading to increased oxidative stress and retinal neurodegeneration. Therefore, restored IRBP expression in the diabetic retina may confer a protective effect against retinal degeneration in DR.     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌感染对载脂蛋白e基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的: 探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,P. gingivalis)引起的炎症和氧化应激反应对动脉粥样硬化的影响及作用机制。方法: 采用8周龄载脂蛋白e基因敲除(ApoE knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型,将小鼠随机分为两组:(1)磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)健康对照组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+PBS鼠尾静脉注射;(2)P. gingivalis感染组:8只ApoE-/-小鼠,普通饮食+P. gingivalis鼠尾静脉注射。1周3次,隔天1次,共10次。4周后处死,取心脏组织进行油红O染色,血清进行酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),主动脉进行实时荧光定量PCR以及Western blot检测。结果: P. gingivalis 感染组较PBS健康对照组可以显著加重ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,增加血清中炎症介质,如白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)以及氧化应激介质8-羟脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine,8-OHDG)表达,增加主动脉组织中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、NADPH 氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,NOX)-2和NOX-4基因的mRNA水平。P. gingivalis感染后在主动脉组织中观察到核转录因子-κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)表达有增高趋势。结论: P.gingivalis感染会加速ApoE-/-小鼠动脉粥样硬化进程,诱导氧化应激和炎症反应;NF-κB信号通路可能是P. gingivalis加速动脉粥样硬化形成的重要作用机制。     

黄体酮β-环糊精包合物的研制

目的：制备黄体酮β-环糊精包合物，并考察其有关性质。方法：采用共沉淀法制备黄体酮β-环糊精包合物。结果：经红外光谱鉴定表明，黄体酮与β-环糊精已形成包合物。结论：黄体酮β-环糊精包合物可明显提高黄体酮的溶解度及溶出速率。     

头孢替唑钠与头孢唑啉钠对照治疗急性细菌性感染130例

目的：观察头孢替唑钠治疗急性细菌性感染的疗效及安全性。方法：130例急性呼吸道及泌尿道感染患者，随机分成试验组和对照组。分别接受头孢替唑钠和头孢唑啉钠，均用2g溶于5％葡萄糖溶液或生理氯化钠溶液中静滴，bid，疗程7-14d。结果：试验组痊愈率66．7％，明显优于对照组（P＜0．01），总有效率试验组97．0，优照组无明显差异（P＞0．05）。头孢替唑钠对106株致病菌的敏感率96％（102／106株高敏），对金葡球菌MIC值为0.06-0.5mg.L^-1，低于头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄，头孢呋辛及头孢他啶的MIC值。结论：头孢替唑钠是治疗急性呼吸道及泌尿道感染安全有效的抗生素。     

泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的分析泌尿系感染的菌群分布及耐药性特点,为临床选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法按照《全国临床检验操作规程》要求操作,用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK-60细菌鉴定仪鉴定菌种,采用K-B法做药敏试验,对临床分离的294株泌尿系感染病原菌进行鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果在分离的294株病原菌中,革兰阴性菌占75.9%、革兰阳性菌占24.1%;革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主,革兰阳性菌以肠球菌属为主;检出产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌63株,其中大肠埃希菌产ESBLs57株,占90.5%;肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs 6株,占9.5%;耐高单位庆大霉素肠球菌属21株,占肠球菌属43.7%。结论泌尿系感染的病原菌分布广泛,有些菌株产生多重耐药性;建议临床医生重视细菌学培养,用药敏结果指导临床合理用药,以减少ESBLs菌株的产生。     

小肠梗阻的影像学研究进展

急腹症是临床常见病，急腹症中20％由肠梗阻引起，而其中又有60％-80％由小肠梗阻所引起。临床上不仅需要了解有无梗阻、梗阻的部位及其严重程度，更需要了解梗阻的原因和病变肠管的血供情况。根据病变肠管的血供情况，小肠梗阻可分为单纯性小肠梗阻和绞窄性小肠梗阻。小肠梗阻的诊断主要依靠临床病史、详细体检与器械检查。在器械检查中，影像学又是最重要的。随着影像学新技术的发展，面对如何选择合适的影像学检查方法才能达到准确诊断目的，是临床医生所面临的挑战。本文对小肠梗阻的影像学检查及其新的发展方向综述如下。     

不同价态锰对不同月龄大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的　研究不同价态锰染毒后对大鼠脑、肝和心肌内脂质过氧化(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响。方法　大鼠经腹腔分别注射氯化锰(MnCl2 ·4H2 O ,Mn2 )和醋酸锰(C6 H9O6 Mn·2H2 O ,Mn3 ) ,按6mg kg剂量连续染毒1个月后,测定脑、肝和心肌组织中MDA含量和SOD活力。结果　(1)经Mn2 染毒后大鼠脑组织MDA含量与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P <0 0 5 ) ,而Mn3 染毒后只有18月龄大鼠脑组织MDA含量显著高于对照组(P <0 0 5 ) ;在肝组织MDA含量,Mn2 组与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P <0 0 5 )。(2 )经Mn2 、Mn3 染毒后18月龄和4月龄大鼠脑组织SOD活力显著低于对照组(P <0 0 5 ) ;经Mn2 染毒后,18月龄和4月龄大鼠肝SOD活力明显低于对照组(P <0 0 5 ) ;经Mn3 染毒后,18月龄大鼠肝SOD活力显著低于对照组(P <0 0 5 )。(3 )心肌组织MDA含量,SOD活力与对照组相比,差异均无显著性。结论　不同价态、不同剂量锰染毒不同月龄大鼠对其不同组织MDA含量和SOD活力的影响是不同的。