ISOBUTYRAMIDE ACTIVATES TRANSCRIPTION OF HUMAN FETAL γ- AND MURINE EMBRYONIC εy-GLOBIN GENES

INTRODUCTIONDuringhumandevelopment,theexpressionofβ－likeglobingenesdisplaystwoswitches：fromembryonic（ε）tofetal（GγandAγ）duringearlydevelopmentandfromfetaltoadult（βandδ）aroundtheparturientperiod．Inadultlife,thefetalhemoglobin（HbF,α２γ２）islessthan１％oftotalhemoglobinandisrestrictedtoFcellswhichrepre－sentlessthan５％ofthebloodcells（１）．Stimulationorreactivationoffetalglobinexpressionhasbeenconsideredtobeapotentialmethodofamelioratingtheβhemoglobin－opathies．Ins…     

脊柱侧凸矫形钽氏棒内固定失败原因分析

目的：分析脊柱侧凸鲁氏棒矫形内固定术后内失败的原因,为今后应用鲁氏棒治疗脊柱侧凸提供有益的借鉴。方法回顾1989年1月至1999年3月收治的脊柱侧凸患者应用鲁氏棒矫形内固定者96例,其中由各种原因所致的内固定失败者15例。结果：分析造成内固定失败的原因为①术前软组织松解不充分;②矫形过程中拧紧内固定钢丝时用力不均匀;③内固定钢丝数量太少;④植骨的数量不足;⑤内固定的节段不正确;⑥下床活动太早。结论：应用鲁氏棒治疗脊柱侧凸仍然是一种行之有效的方法,但在术前准备、手术过程和术后处理时,应注意以上可能造成固定失败的因素。     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of internal auditory meatus and anatomical study of the inner structures]

OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical basis for surgical operation in internal auditory meatus (IAM). METHODS: Structures of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and IAM in 25 temporal bone specimens (50 sides) fixed in formalin were measured. Three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of IAM in 13 normal adults (26 sides) was conducted using spiral CT scanning. RESULTS: IAM took a conic shape with larger inside and smaller outside. The average width of IAM was (4.16 +/- 1.23) mm(2.87-6.83 mm) in horizontal dimension, the average height was (3.14 +/- 1.01) mm(2.23-4.45 mm) in vertical dimension, the average length was (8.67 +/- 2.31) mm (6.77-11.22 mm), the average volume was (98.23 +/- 16.56) mm3(67.44-133.21 mm3). There were 1-4 internal auditory arteries branched from the anterior-inferior cerebellar artery, which formed a vascular ansa near the opening of IAM. The average length of the facial nerve in IAM was (0.98 +/- 0.03) mm (0.89-1.07 mm), the average diameter of vestibulocochlear nerve was (1.67 +/- 0.05) mm (1.42-1.97 mm), the average diameter of the intermediate nerve (0.23 +/- 0.02) mm (0.19-0.26 mm). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to pay attention to types of vascular ansa and relative nerve location in IAM during operation.     

梨状窝癌局部扩展的病理学研究

目的 探讨梨状窝癌局部扩展的规律,为梨状窝癌的手术治疗提供病理学依据。方法 应用石蜡包埋大体标本连续切片的方法,对２６例梨状窝癌全喉及次全喉及次全喉切除的标本进行了观察。结果 位于梨状窝外侧壁的肿瘤（４例）主要向外侧咽侧壁扩展,位于梨状窝内侧壁的肿瘤（５例）容易向喉腔及对侧梨状窝扩展。累及整个梨状窝１７例。声门旁间隙及甲状软骨是最易受侵犯的喉结构,环状软骨受侵较少;会厌及会厌前间隙的侵犯未见超过中     

变应性鼻炎红细胞和淋巴细胞免疫粘附功能和2种细胞因子的检测

目的 探讨红、白细胞免疫功能及白细胞介素－４（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－４,ＩＬ－４）和干扰素γ（ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｎ－γ,ＩＦＮ－γ）在变应性鼻炎发病中所起的作用。方法 采用红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫吸附法和ＢＡＥＬＩＳＡ法对外周血单核细胞分泌的ＩＬ－４和ＩＦＮ－γ进行了测定。结果 ４３例常年性变应性鼻炎患者的红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫功能和ＩＦＮ－γ水平均低于健康对照组（分别为Ｐ〈０．０５和Ｐ〈０．０１）,而ＩＬ－４的表达高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;结论 提示红细胞、淋巴细胞免疫功能、ＩＬ－４和ＩＦＮ－γ的异常在变应性鼻炎的发生发展起重要作用。     

喉功能保留的梨状窝癌外科治疗

目的 评价喉功能保留梨状窝癌的手术治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析了１９７４～１９９４年６月我院初治的４４例经保留喉功能手术治疗的梨状窝癌病例,其中Ｔ１１０例Ｔ２１８例,Ｔ４２例。２例术后放射治疗,４２例术前放射治疗,原发灶术式包括：３６例梨状窝切除术;８例喉及下咽部分切除术。结果 ４４例５年生存率为５０％,Ｉ期为８０％,Ⅱ期为７１．４３％,Ⅲ期为５２．９％,Ⅳ期为２６．７％,总的局部控制率为８１．８％     

喉癌中p16基因突变和甲基化的研究

目的 探讨ｐ１６基因在喉癌发生发展中的作用和在喉癌中的失活机制。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ ｃｈａｉｎ ｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ－ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｓｔｒａｎｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍａｎａｌｙ－ｓｉｓ,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）银染方法和ＰＣＲ甲基化敏感内匹酶方法检测３２例喉癌和相应癌旁组织的ｐ１６基因第１,第２外显子突变和甲基化热点区域部分内切酶     

鼻咽癌茎突后间隙侵犯的临床意义探讨

目的 探讨鼻咽癌茎突后间隙侵犯的临床意义。方法 １９９２年１２月～１９９３年１２月１９８Ⅰ－Ⅳａ期鼻咽癌住院初治患者接受受根治性放射治疗。按茎突后间隙有无侵犯分为茎后侵犯组和茎后无侵犯组。应用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ,Ｌｏｇ－Ｒａｎｋ及卡方检验等方法对两组患者５年生存率、局部控制率和无远处转移生存率进行分析和评价。结果两组患者口咽侵犯率分别为７２．１％和１６．８％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,后组颅神经侵犯     

Initial treatment of the early stages (I, II) of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: partial laryngectomy versus radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to define the treatment of choice (partial laryngectomy vs radiotherapy) in the early stage of supraglottic squamous cell cancer (ESSC). One hundred and fifteen patients with ESSC were treated with either partial laryngectomy (25 patients) or with radiotherapy(90 patients) between January 1984 and December 1996. All patients had a follow-up of over ¶29 months. Radiotherapy (RT) had a local control rate of 79%, which increased to 90% with salvage surgery, and a high larynx preservation rate (83%). Partial laryngectomy (PL) offered a better initial local control rate of 84%, which increased to 88% with salvage surgery, and functional results were also good (80%). No statistically significant differences were found between RT and PL. RT was less costly, showed better suitability for treatment, produced moderate morbidity and sequelae, and local recurrence was easier to rescue. However, it is a once-only application technique. PL showed higher immediate postoperative morbidity, higher cost and lower suitability for treatment but had fewer sequelae, offered the best initial local control and is multi-applicable. No clear oncological arguments were found in our series to define whether PL or RT is the treatment of choice for ESSC. Both are effective therapies. Secondary factors such as suitability for treatment, morbidity, cost and applicability should be individually evaluated when choosing the type of treatment. As the laser endoscopic approach decreases morbidity and costs and makes the condition more suitable for treatment, it could be the treatment of choice for ESSC, in cases where local tumoral extent and larynx exposure allow radical excision.     

Study on sensitivity of neuroglioma to chemotherapeutic drugs]

In this study, the chemosensitivity of 36 cases' fresh neuroglioma specimens was examined in vitro with MTT assay. The separation method for single tumor cell, the number of planting of cells, and the dosage and acting time of drugs, which have effects on the results of MTT assay, were studied systematically. On the basis of this experiment, we established a screening method for the chemosensitivity of neuroglioma; it is accurate, rapid, and simple. At the same time, the results showed that neuroglioma was more sensitive to the chemotherapeutic drugs Vm26, DDP and MMC, and the sensitivity varied with not only the drugs but also the individuals.