儿科患者围术期椎管阻滞的镇痛效应

目的:探讨儿童围术期镇痛的必要性及椎管阻滞应用的可行性。方法:以"pediatric patient,analgesia,perioperat"为检索词,检索1990-01/2004-12PubMed数据库关于儿童围术期镇痛的文献,选取随机对照研究设计的文献,对其中14篇进行归纳总结。结果:①疼痛的并发症:儿童围术期的疼痛不但与成人一样影响血流动力学稳定、增加术后并发症和死亡率;还可导致慢性疼痛综合征、注意力不集中、学习能力下降等并发症。②多模式镇痛:疼痛治疗可在形成疼痛的转化、传导、整合、认知4个水平采取措施。复合使用多种作用机制不同的药物可以减少每种药物的用量,减少副作用,取得更好的疗效。采用超前镇痛,在伤害性刺激之前施行疼痛治疗,只有当伤害性刺激完全被阻断时,超前镇痛的优势才能显现出来,而且阻断时效应该比术后急性疼痛时间长。③疼痛的评价:目前临床常用评分方法是NIPS(neonatalinjurypainscale)评分系统,包括面部表情、哭吵、呼吸形式、上下肢运动和觉醒状态5个指标。评分越低说明疼痛越轻。④围术期椎管阻滞镇痛治疗:重点介绍硬膜外技术、硬膜外常用药物及剂量、适应证、并发症等。结论:有必要对儿童施行围术期镇痛,椎管阻滞是儿童围术期镇痛一种切实可行的方法。     

无痛运动训练对女性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者的治疗效应

目的:观察无痛运动疗法对女性骨质疏松症脊柱压缩骨折患者的的临床疗效。方法:①对象:选择2005-08/2007-03到四川大学华西医院康复科住院或者门诊接受康复治疗的骨质疏松症伴脊柱压缩骨折的女性患者30例,年龄(66.43±7.20)岁。运用SPSS软件生成随机数字表,随机分为治疗组15例和对照组15例。②方法:对照组接受常规治疗,包括钙剂、维生素D、密钙息和低频脉冲电磁场治疗。实验组除了接受常规治疗,还接受运动训练。训练要求在无痛或微痛范围内完成,2次/d,每次10～30min,连续4周。在治疗前,治疗1周和4周后进行各指标评定。③评估指标:a:疼痛的目测类比量表评分:在10cm长的标尺上,让患者标出疼痛程度对应的刻度。0为无痛,10为最痛。b:仰卧位床边坐起的时间:让患者在治疗床上平卧,在无人辅助下独立床边坐起的时间。c:起立-3m行走-折返时间:让患者坐在椅子上,在无他人辅助情况下站起,行走3m距离后返回坐下的时间。结果:纳入患者30例均进入结果分析。治疗1,4周后,治疗组与对照组疼痛的视觉类比量表评分、仰卧位床边坐起的时间、起立-3m行走-折返时间均低于治疗前(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗1,4周后,治疗组起立-3m行走-折返时间较治疗前减少的差值大于对照组(P=0.002,P=0.000);治疗组疼痛的视觉类比量表评分降低程度、仰卧位床边坐起的时间较治疗前降低的差值与对照组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗4周后,治疗组的仰卧位床边坐起时间、起立-3m行走-折返时间低于对照组(P=0.000,P=0.014)。结论:无痛范围的运动训练配合综合治疗可有效治疗女性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的疼痛和功能障碍。     

成纤维细胞生长因子Ⅱ型受体功能获得型点突变影响小鼠颅底软骨发育

目的:对比野生型小鼠和成纤维细胞生长因子Ⅱ型受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor2,fgfr2)基因S252W突变型小鼠颅底软骨的生长发育情况,探讨fgfr2功能持续增强对小鼠颅底软骨发育的影响。方法:实验于2004-03/2005-04在解放军第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所创伤中心实验室,创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室完成。①fgfr2 小鼠和C57BL/6J小鼠交配后取F1代,利用聚合酶链反应方法进行fgfr2突变型小鼠基因型的鉴定,得到野生型和fgfr2受体功能获得型点突变型两组小鼠。②标本取材及处理:分别在两组实验动物中,取胚胎期16d(E16)、胚胎期17d(E17)、新生2d(P2)、新生8d(P8)的小鼠的颅底作为标本。一部分体积分数为0.75的乙醇溶液固定。另一部分标本行40g/L多聚甲醛固定,150g/L乙二胺四乙酸溶液脱钙,常规石蜡包埋、切片。③阿尔辛-茜素红骨架染色显示颅底整体骨骼的发育情况。软骨组织染为蓝色,骨组织染为红色。④脱钙骨切片后进行苏木精-伊红染色。未脱钙骨切片后进行Calcein染色,荧光显微镜下观察钙化组织的情况。⑤使用地高辛RNA标记试剂盒按照产品说明制备Col 10(Collagen 10)地高辛标记的互补RNA探针,对颅底软骨联结进行检测软骨分化标志基因表达情况的原位杂交。⑥组织切片染色结果使用SPOT Advanced软件进行数码拍摄。结果:①实验小鼠颅底发育的大体情况:fgfr2受体功能获得型点突变小鼠从胚胎后期开始就表现出短颅现象。②阿尔辛蓝-茜素红骨架染色、Calcein染色和苏木精-伊红染色显示,fgfr2受体功能获得型点突变小鼠出生后颅底软骨联结没有出现提前融合的现象,但是颅底软骨生长发育差,软骨细胞增生区、肥大区缩短。突变小鼠的颅底软骨发育障碍导致颅底骨组织的生长发育也出现障碍。③原位杂交:Col10在野生型和突变型小鼠颅底软骨的表达部位未见明显差异,但是这个软骨细胞分化标志基因的表达强度降低。结论:fgfr2 S252W点突变能够引起小鼠颅底软骨联结处的软骨细胞发育异常,导致颅底骨骼发育畸形。fgfr2可能具有调控软骨细胞系发育的功能,从而可能在骨骼发育、骨折修复等方面发挥重要作用。     

思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎

目的 探讨应用思他宁联合早期内镜治疗急性胆石性胰腺炎(AGP)的疗效。方法 应用思他宁联合早期逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、经内镜鼻胆管引流(ENBD)及经内镜乳头括约肌切开(EST)治疗AGP32例，其中轻症胰腺炎21例，重症胰腺炎11例。结果 治愈30例，2例重症胰腺炎内镜治疗后转外科手术治疗，1例术后死亡。结论 思他宁联合内镜治疗AGP是安全和有效的，对明确诊断AGP应及早应用思他宁及内镜介入治疗。     

Risk factors for mortality in diabetic nephropathy patients accepted for transplantation

BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of silent coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with diabetes. We wanted to investigate risk factors for mortality, and especially CAD, in a well-defined cohort of diabetic nephropathy transplant candidates accepted for transplantation. METHODS: From 1999 through 2004, 155 patients underwent work up for living or deceased kidney (KA) or simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation. The work up included coronary angiography for all patients and 136 were accepted. Mean (SD) age was 50 (12) years, 62% had type 1 diabetes, 73% were males, and 34% were on dialysis. Mean follow-up from time of acceptance for transplantation was 3.6 (1.9) years. RESULTS: Survival of KA transplanted patients was 97% at 1 year, 89% at 3 years, and 76% at 5 years, whereas in SPK patients 100%, 94%, and 90%, respectively (P=0.065). One- and 3- year survival was only 57% and 20% in those remaining wait-listed (P<0.001). In univariate analysis mortality was associated with KA transplantation (hazard ratio [HR]=0.30, P=0.011) and SPK transplantation (HR=0.10, P=0.001), and age (HR=1.04, P=0.014). In multivariable analysis, KA transplantation (HR=0.28, P=0.006), SPK transplantation (HR=0.09, P=0.001), age (HR=1.06, P=0.002), type 2 diabetes (HR=0.14, P=0.003), and duration of diabetes (HR=0.94, P=0.019) were parameters associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The only modifiable risk factor was transplantation with risk reduction up to 90%. CAD was not a risk factor for mortality when medically treated and revascularized according to standard guidelines.     

双波长一元线性回归分光光度法同时测定复方氨基比林注射液中三组分含量

本文依据一组含有不同比例待测和干扰组分的标准混合液的吸收值,采用一元线性回归方法,在选择最佳测定波长对的同时建立标准工作曲线方程,使其更符合实际作品测定时的情况,提高了结果的精度和可靠性,并使计算量和实验工作量得以降低。应用于复方氨基比林注射液中三组分氨基比林、安替比林和巴比妥的同时测定,其平均回收率分别为99.8%,100.4%和99.8%,变异系数分别为0.59,1.48和1.05,结果优于卡尔曼滤波法、偏最小二乘法和目标因子分析法。     

改性羟基磷灰石骨修复纳米复合材料的制备及生物学评价

目的:制备羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸聚乙醇酸骨修复材料,并对其进行生物学评价。方法:实验于2006-06/2007-02在中科院长春应用化学研究所完成材料制备,在吉林大学基础医学院实验动物中心完成动物实验。将低聚乳酸的羧基与羟基磷灰石表面的钙原子用化学键连接,得到表面接枝聚左旋乳酸的羟基磷灰石,将其与聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共混,得到复合材料PLLA-g-HA/PLGA。溶于氯仿后铺膜(厚0.2mm),用DMEM培养液浸泡材料膜制备浸提液。首先,进行材料生物安全性实验:①细胞毒性实验:将浸提液与培养液混合,接种兔成骨细胞,培养24h,MTT法检测细胞增殖,计算细胞增殖率和细胞毒性级(细胞毒性级0或1级为合格)。②全身毒性实验:小鼠以50mL/kg的剂量静脉注射浸提液,观察72h内小鼠中毒症状。③皮肤刺激实验:兔脊柱两侧皮内注射材料浸提液,观察72h内皮肤有无异常反应。④热原实验:自兔耳缘静脉注入浸提液(10mL/kg)。注射后每0.5h测肛温1次,共6次,以6次中最高的1次减去正常体温,计为升高度数。其次,对复合材料进行细胞黏附性检测:将复合材料制成1%氯仿溶液,涂于硅化的盖玻片上,置于6孔板,每孔接种1×105个成骨细胞,培养3d,在2,24,72h行FITC荧光染色,数码摄像系统拍摄细胞荧光照片。结果:制备了新型PLLA-g-HA/PLGA复合材料。①生物安全性实验结果:MTT实验检测复合材料细胞增殖率为94.8%,细胞毒性级为1级;全身毒性实验中动物无死亡、惊厥、瘫痪、呼吸抑制、腹泻和体质量下降等不良反应;热原实验中兔体温最大的变化值是0.25℃(国家标准为<0.6℃);皮肤刺激实验中未见任何刺激反应,无红斑、焦痂、水肿表现。②细胞黏附性实验结果:细胞接种后2h可见少量细胞开始贴壁;24h时可见贴壁细胞明显增多,并呈聚集生长;培养3d后可见细胞逐渐融合,细胞状态良好。结论:新型PLLA-g-HA/PLGA复合材料符合生物材料细胞毒性要求,按毒性剂量分级属无毒级,无致热原性、对皮肤无刺激作用,具有良好的生物相容性和细胞黏附性。     

Interleukin-10 is a proliferation factor but not a differentiation factor for human myeloma cells

Because interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent differentiation factor of human B cells into mature plasma cells, we investigated its effect on human malignant plasma cells. IL-10 did not induce any differentiation and increase in Ig synthesis in four human IL-6-dependent malignant plasma cell lines. However, it stimulated the proliferation of two of four cytokine-dependent cell lines in the absence of IL-6 and IL-10- dependent myeloma cell lines have been obtained. The myeloma cell growth activity of IL-10 was unaffected by anti-IL-6 and anti-IL-6R antibodies. Similarly, IL-10 stimulated (P = .001) the proliferation of freshly-explanted myeloma cells in IL-6-deprived cultures of tumor samples from patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) and produced twice as many myeloma cells in these cultures. Again, this cytokine was unable to induce further differentiation (assessed by rate of Ig production) of fresh myeloma cells. A very sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; 1 pg/mL) only rarely detected IL-10 in the sera of MM patients (3 of 89). On the contrary, serum IL-10 was detected in 60% of patients with plasma cell leukemia (12 of 20). These data show that IL-10 is an IL-6-unrelated growth factor for malignant plasmablastic cells. This cytokine could be involved in the late phase of MM in vivo.     

Early results of a prospective study on the pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) Amandys? for osteoarthritis of the wrist

INTRODUCTION

The preliminary results of a pyrocarbon interpositional radiocarpal implant in a small cohort of patients were reviewed. As it is currently only a limited release product, we describe to potential users early complications and negative outcomes.

METHODS

Patients were assessed using pain levels, ranges of motion, grip strength, type of and time to return to work as well as pre-operative and post-operative DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scores. Radiographs were taken and patient satisfaction was recorded.

RESULTS

All six patients were contacted. One was not satisfied. Three had reduced motion. None experienced squeaking. There were no immediate or late post-operative complications. There was one early volar displacement of an implant.

CONCLUSIONS

Although our early results are somewhat encouraging, further and longer studies are warranted before supporting the use of this particular pyrocarbon implant as a primary procedure.