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101.
Leslie WS Koshy PR Mackenzie M Murray HM Boyle S Lean ME Walker A Hankey CR 《BMC public health》2012,12(1):389
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Fear of weight gain is a barrier to smoking cessation and significant cause of relapse for many people. The provision of nutritional advice as part of a smoking cessation programme may assist some in smoking cessation and perhaps limit weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured programme of dietary advice on weight change and food choice, in adults attempting smoking cessation. METHODS: Cluster randomised controlled design. Classes randomised to intervention commenced a 24-week intervention, focussed on improving food choice and minimising weight gain. Classes randomised to control received "usual care". RESULTS: Twenty-seven classes in Greater Glasgow were randomised between January and August 2008. Analysis, including those who continued to smoke, showed that actual weight gain and percentage weight gain was similar in both groups. Examination of data for those successful at giving up smoking showed greater mean weight gain in intervention subjects (3.9 (SD 3.1) vs. 2.7 (SD 3.7) kg). Between group differences were not significant (p=0.23, 95% CI -0.9 to 3.5). In comparison to baseline improved consumption of fruit and vegetables and breakfast cereal were reported in the intervention group. A higher percentage of control participants continued smoking (74% vs. 66%). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was not successful at minimising weight gain in comparison to control but was successful in facilitating some sustained improvements in the dietary habits of intervention participants. Improved quit rates in the intervention group suggest that continued contact with advisors may have reduced anxieties regarding weight gain and encouraged cessation despite weight gain. Research should continue in this area as evidence suggests that the negative effects of obesity could outweigh the health benefits achieved through reductions in smoking prevalence. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73824458. 相似文献
102.
103.
The paper reports the results from the early stages of the development of an instrument to measure professionals' beliefs and attitudes on chronic non‐malignant pain, and assesses the instrument's use in measuring the effectiveness of education. British state‐registered occupational therapists (n=19) were surveyed, using a pilot instrument designed by one of the researchers, before and after a twoday course in the management of chronic non‐malignant pain led by a psychologist and two occupational therapists. Results show a statistically significant change in scores after education, indicating a positive change in beliefs and attitudes. Implications for future research are briefly discussed. The limitations of the study are the small sample size and the early stage in development of the instrument used. Further research will be aimed at improving the validity and reliability of the instrument using a larger multidisciplinary sample. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. 相似文献
104.
Wilma Lim M.D. Neil Sadick M.D. Anil Gupta M.D. Mark Kaplan M.D. Savita Pahwa M.D. 《International journal of dermatology》1990,29(1):24-30
Since the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, several dermatologic manifestations have been associated with the syndrome, including candidiasis, dermatophyte infection, molluscum contagiosum, herpes simplex and zoster, bacterial infection, and malignancy. Skin diseases have been observed in both the adult and the pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an academic hospital setting in relationship to the current CDC classification of pediatric HIV infection. The severity of dermatologic manifestations is correlated with the immune status of the patients. The latter was determined by T4 helper cell numbers and lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and recall antigens. More severe T helper cell depletion was associated with a wider spectrum and increased severity of dermatologic manifestations. 相似文献
105.
Pancreatic phospholipase A2 activity in acute pancreatitis: a prognostic marker for early identification of patients at risk. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Johannes Aufenanger Michael Samman Michael Quintel Klaus Fassbender Wilma Zimmer Thomas Bertsch 《Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine》2002,40(3):293-297
Remarkably elevated levels of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are measurable in human blood samples in cases of acute pancreatitis. The source of the enzyme was first thought to be exclusively the pancreas, but now it is generally accepted that two isoenzymes--the pancreatic PLA2, group I, and the extrapancreatic PLA2, group II--contribute to the raised activity. In contrast to the group II-PLA2, the pancreatic PLA2 is heat-resistant for 1 hour at 60 degrees C. The catalytically inactive proenzyme of the pancreatic PLA2 can be activated by trypsin. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of PLA2 isoenzyme activity measurements to identify patients with severe complications in acute pancreatitis. Blood samples from patients suffering from acute pancreatitis were analyzed for catalytically active pancreatic PLA2 on day 1 and 2 of hospitalization with a modified radiometric Escherichia coli-based PLA2 assay. In 10 of 41 patients clearly elevated values of catalytically active, heat-resistant pancreatic PLA2 (7.2 to 81.2 U/l) were observed. This group of patients was characterized by severe complications (necrotizing pancreatitis, shock, sepsis, respiratory problems) of which two patients subsequently died. Patients with low or undetectable activity (<7 U/l) of pancreatic PLA2 recovered rapidly. According to these results the presence of catalytically active pancreatic PLA2 in serum is associated with severe complications of acute pancreatitis. In contrast to total serum-PLA2, the catalytic concentration of pancreatic PLA2 can serve as a prognostic marker in acute pancreatitis. 相似文献
106.
N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids as a new class of peptide deformylase inhibitors with antibacterial activity 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9 下载免费PDF全文
Hackbarth CJ Chen DZ Lewis JG Clark K Mangold JB Cramer JA Margolis PS Wang W Koehn J Wu C Lopez S Withers G Gu H Dunn E Kulathila R Pan SH Porter WL Jacobs J Trias J Patel DV Weidmann B White RJ Yuan Z 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2002,46(9):2752-2764
Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a prokaryotic metalloenzyme that is essential for bacterial growth and is a new target for the development of antibacterial agents. All previously reported PDF inhibitors with sufficient antibacterial activity share the structural feature of a 2-substituted alkanoyl at the P(1)' site. Using a combination of iterative parallel synthesis and traditional medicinal chemistry, we have identified a new class of PDF inhibitors with N-alkyl urea at the P(1)' site. Compounds with MICs of 200 micro M for matrilysin and other mammalian metalloproteases. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified preferred substitutions resulting in improved potency and decreased cytotoxity. One of the compounds (VRC4307) was cocrystallized with PDF, and the enzyme-inhibitor structure was determined at a resolution of 1.7 A. This structural information indicated that the urea compounds adopt a binding position similar to that previously determined for succinate hydroxamates. Two compounds, VRC4232 and VRC4307, displayed in vivo efficacy in a mouse protection assay, with 50% protective doses of 30.8 and 17.9 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. These N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids provide a starting point for identifying new PDF inhibitors that can serve as antimicrobial agents. 相似文献
107.
Tiny Jaarsma Simon Stewart Sabina De Geest Bengt Fridlund Johanna Heikkil? Jan M?rtensson Philip Moons Wilma Scholte Op Reimer Karen Smith Anna Str?mberg David R Thompson 《European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing》2004,3(1):3-6
BACKGROUND: From a previous survey of cardiac nurses attending a scientific conference, we learned that these nurses adopted a healthier lifestyle than the general population. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the overall profile of cardiac risk factors in a similar cohort and determine whether cardiac nurses continue to 'practice what they preach' in this regard. Secondly, we examined the practical value of screening a large cohort of individuals within a short time frame (total of 8 hours screening time) and determined the range of BNP concentrations within a 'healthy' cohort. METHODS: Data on CHD risk factors were collected with a short self-report questionnaire. The sample consisted of 122 cardiac nurses from 19 countries attending a European cardiac nursing conference held in Stockholm. A venous blood sample was collected into a tube containing potassium ETDA. B-type natriuretic peptide was measured on-site with the use of a portable fluorescence immunoassay kit. RESULTS: Most participants were female (89%). Participants ranged in age from 23 to 60 years with a mean age of 41 (S.D. 9.4). Eleven percent - all female - reported they were current smokers, 27% (34) had a BMI >25 and 27% of the sample stated they did not exercise regularly. Almost half (48%) of the sample reported a family history of CHD. As expected, all BNP-values were within the normal range. There were significant differences in BNP on the basis of sex (P<0.05) and age (P<0.05) and a trend towards increasing BNP concentrations with progressively higher BMI scores (P=0.06). CONCLUSION: This study reconfirms the likelihood that many cardiac nurses heed their own advice on lifestyle modification to reduce cardiovascular risk and therefore provide a good role model for the promotion of primary and secondary prevention initiatives. 相似文献
108.
Aims and objectives. To describe the current scientific evidence in the field of diagnostics and treatment of pain, malodour and exudate from pressure ulcers and to give recommendations for practice, based on these findings. Background. Patients with pressure ulcers are confronted with symptoms of chronic wounds and impaired wound healing. Assessment and treatment of these symptoms have received very little attention. Design. Systematic literature review. Methods. Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane, were searched for studies on pain, malodour and exudate in patients with pressure ulcers. Results. The McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale and the Faces Rating Scale are useful instruments to assess pressure ulcer related pain. Strong evidence was found to support a positive effect of (dia)morphine. Some evidence was found to support a positive effect of benzydamine gel and Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetic‐cream. Wound malodour is subjectively assessed. In a laboratory study, it is proved that activated charcoal is capable of absorbing gas molecules causing malodour. At present, no studies are available on the odour‐absorbing capacity of activated charcoal dressings in pressure ulcer patients. Exudate is a symptom of impaired wound healing. The Pressure Sore Status Tool is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the wound healing process. There is a possible indication that hydrocolloid positively influences healing time because the absorption of exudates is more effective. Conclusion. Little sound research has been performed on wound‐related complaints in patients with pressure ulcers. Nevertheless several recommendations could be made on the present state of the art. Relevance to clinical pratice. Regarding pressure ulcer related pain, this review supports the intervention of local pain relieve in patients with pressure ulcers. Regarding pressure ulcer related odour and exudates, this study identifies the gaps in evidence and research. 相似文献
109.
Wilma Swildens Fabian Termorshuizen Alex de Ridder Hugo Smeets Iris M. Engelhard 《Administration and policy in mental health》2016,43(5):650-662
Patients with non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) face higher risk of somatic problems and early natural death compared to the general population. Therefore, treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and psychosis stress the importance of monitoring somatic risk factors. This study examined somatic Health Care utilization (HCu) of patients with NAPD compared to non-psychiatric controls and patients with depression, anxiety or bipolar disorders using a large Health Insurance database. Results show lower specialist somatic HCu of patients with NAPD compared to matched controls and also lower percentages for prescribed somatic medication and general practitioner consultations for patients aged ≥60 years and after longer illness duration. 相似文献
110.