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152.
Christine E. Marx William T. Trost Lawrence J. Shampine Robert D. Stevens Christine M. Hulette David C. Steffens John F. Ervin Marian I. Butterfield Daniel G. Blazer Mark W. Massing Jeffrey A. Lieberman 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2006,60(12):1287-1294
BACKGROUND: Few data are currently available investigating neurosteroids (NS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The NS allopregnanolone may be decreased in serum and plasma in patients with AD, but it is unclear if allopregnanolone is also reduced in brain. Because a number of NS exhibit neuroprotective effects and impact cognitive performance in rodent models, these molecules may be relevant to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. We therefore investigated prefrontal cortex (PFC) NS levels in AD. METHODS: Neurosteroid levels (allopregnanolone, pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]) were determined in postmortem PFC in 14 male subjects with AD and 15 cognitively intact male control subjects by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry preceded by high-performance liquid chromatography purification. RESULTS: Subjects with AD exhibit significant reductions in allopregnanolone compared with cognitively intact control subjects (median levels = 2.50 ng/g vs. 5.59 ng/g, respectively; p = .02). Allopregnanolone levels are inversely correlated with neuropathological disease stage (Braak), r = -.49, p = .007. Median DHEA levels are elevated in subjects with AD (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with AD demonstrate significant reductions in PFC allopregnanolone levels, a finding that may be relevant to neuropathological disease stage severity. Neurosteroids may have utility as candidate biomarkers in AD. 相似文献
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目的探讨重组腺病毒相关病毒(rAAV)-阳离子脂质体(LyoVec)复合载体的构建方法及其转染率评价。方法构建rAAv~GFP,rAAv—LyoVec复合载体及rAAV—GFP—LyoVec。倒置荧光显微镜观察,测定rAAV—GFP,LyoVec—GFP及rAAV—GFP-LyroVec对定量C6细胞的转染率,筛选出高转染率载体。结果rAAV—GFP组24、48、72和96h转染率分别为16%、23%、21%和9%;LyoVec-GFP组为28.5%、33%、32%和11%;rAAV—GFP—Lyovec组为49%、59%、64%和20%。rAAV-GFP—LyoVec纽分别在24、48、72和96h的转染率显著高于rAAV—GFP组(P〈0.01)及LyoVec—GFP组(P〈0.01)。结论新构建rAAV—LyoVec复合载体基因的转染效率远远高于rAAV或LyoVec独立转染。 相似文献
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156.
[目的]探讨降钙素对已行人工假体植入骨质疏松模型免的假体无菌性松动防治作用的实验研究。[方法]将30只假体植入模型的骨质疏松症兔随机分成实验组和对照组,各15只。实验组给予鲑鱼降钙素治疗(6U/kg,肌注,隔日1次),而对照组给予等量的生理盐水肌注,持续治疗半年。两组均分别于术前、术后4、8、12和24周检测假体周围感应区(ROI)骨密度(BMD);于术前及术后4、12、24周行血清骨代谢指标检测:骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRAP-5b);所有动物于术后24周处死,分别行假体拔出实验与扭转实验测定和假体周围骨组织形态计量学分析。[结果]术后24周,实验组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD增加近5%,而对照组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD下降了6%,两组比较有显著性差异(P〈0.01);骨代谢指标中,术后24周实验组的BALP、BGP稍有下降,但组内无显著性差异(P〉0.05),而TRAP-5b有明显下降(P〈0.05),这些指标与对照组比较差异显著(P〈0.05或P〈0.01);生物力学检测显示,实验组的假体拔出实验较对照组提高了约50%,扭转实验提高近1倍,且两组比较差异显著(P〈0.01);骨组织形态计量学显示,实验组中反映骨吸收的Oc.No/Tb.Pm、ES/BS明显减少;反映骨量和微结构的%Tb.Ar、Tb.N明显增多,而Tb.Sp明显变窄:反映骨形成与骨矿化的OS/BS、MAR、BFR/TV及%L.Pm也均明显增多;这些指标与对照组比较差异显著(P〈0.01或P〈0.05)。[结论]鲑鱼降钙素能明显减少人工假体周围骨量的丢失和抑制骨溶解;并加快假体周围的骨形成,提高骨密度,促进生理性骨矿化;还能改善骨质量,促进骨微结构改变,提高骨的生物力学特性并增加假体四周的支撑力。其对骨质疏松症兔的假体松动有明显的预防和治疗作用。这对临床预防和治疗人工关节的无菌性松动有很好的指导意义。 相似文献
157.
158.
BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal procedures through tubular exposures have been described. However, tubes restrain visibility and require co-axial instrument manipulation, increasing difficulty and potentially compromising surgical results. An independent-blade retractor system overcomes the obstacles of working through a tube and has been used to perform minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented tranforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). PURPOSE: To evaluate the advantages to patient recovery and surgical efficacy of this technique. METHODS/RESULTS: Retrospective review of technique employing a minimally-disruptive approach to decompression and transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented TLIF can be performed in a safe and effective manner using an independent-blade retractor system. Relative to traditional-open techniques, surgical goals can be accomplished, but with the benefits of minimally-disruptive surgery. 相似文献
159.
丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况;电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组;而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用,为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。 相似文献
160.
Hazel B Breitz Richard E Wendt Michael S Stabin Sui Shen William D Erwin Joseph G Rajendran Janet F Eary Lawrence Durack Ebrahim Delpassand William Martin Ruby F Meredith 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2006,47(3):534-542
166Ho-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylene-phosphonate (DOTMP) is a tetraphosphonate molecule radiolabeled with 166Ho that localizes to bone surfaces. This study evaluated pharmacokinetics and radiation-absorbed dose to all organs from this beta-emitting radiopharmaceutical. METHODS: After two 1.1-GBq administrations of 166Ho-DOTMP, data from whole-body counting using a gamma-camera or uptake probe were assessed for reproducibility of whole-body retention in 12 patients with multiple myeloma. The radiation-absorbed dose to normal organs was estimated using MIRD methodology, applying residence times and S values for 166Ho. Marrow dose was estimated from measured activity retained after 18 h. The activity to deliver a therapeutic dose of 25 Gy to the marrow was determined. Methods based on region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-body clearance were evaluated to estimate kidney activity, because the radiotracer is rapidly excreted in the urine. The dose to the surface of the bladder wall was estimated using a dynamic bladder model. RESULTS: In clinical practice, gamma-camera methods were more reliable than uptake probe-based methods for whole-body counting. The intrapatient variability of dose calculations was less than 10% between the 2 tracer studies. Skeletal uptake of 166Ho-DOTMP varied from 19% to 39% (mean, 28%). The activity of 166Ho prescribed for therapy ranged from 38 to 67 GBq (1,030-1,810 mCi). After high-dose therapy, the estimates of absorbed dose to the kidney varied from 1.6 to 4 Gy using the whole-body clearance-based method and from 8.3 to 17.3 Gy using the ROI-based method. Bladder dose ranged from 10 to 20 Gy, bone surface dose ranged from 39 to 57 Gy, and doses to other organs were less than 2 Gy for all patients. Repetitive administration had no impact on tracer biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, or organ dose. CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetics analysis validated gamma-camera whole-body counting of 166Ho as an appropriate approach to assess clearance and to estimate radiation-absorbed dose to normal organs except the kidneys. Quantitative gamma-camera imaging is difficult and requires scatter subtraction because of the multiple energy emissions of 166Ho. Kidney dose estimates were approximately 5-fold higher when the ROI-based method was used rather than the clearance-based model, and neither appeared reliable. In future clinical trials with 166Ho-DOTMP, we recommend that dose estimation based on the methods described here be used for all organs except the kidneys. Assumptions for the kidney dose require further evaluation. 相似文献