Novel Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in Tree Sparrow,Shanghai, China, 2013

In spring 2013, influenza A(H7N9) virus was isolated from an apparently healthy tree sparrow in Chongming Dongping National Forest Park, Shanghai City, China. The entire gene constellation of the virus is similar to that of isolates from humans, highlighting the need to monitor influenza A(H7N9) viruses in different species.     

对首发精神分裂症患者进行沟通训练的研究

目的探讨沟通训练对首发精神分裂症患者康复的影响。方法选取我院住院的首发精神病患者120例,按住院单双号分成两组,每组60例,两组均给予常规抗精神病药物治疗,研究组在此基础上进行沟通训练,观察6周。于训练前及训练6周末,应用BPRS评分量表、DASⅡ评定量表、社会功能评定量表（SSPI）评定训练对患者康复的影响。结果两组BPRS评分于训练3周及6周末均显著下降（P〈0．01）,研究组干预后更显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,对照组则无显著变化（P〉0．5）;DASⅡ总分及社交各项因子分均较培训前明显下降（P〈0．05）,其中DASⅡ总分和与人相处方面改善差异有极其显著意义（P〈0．01）;SSPI评分各因子分均显著优于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论通过对首次住院精神病患者进行沟通训练,能显著提高患者的沟通能力,对于提升患者的自信心,促进患者参加人际交往都有积极作用,是一项有效地精神康复计划之一。     

住院男性精神分裂症患者氯氮平应用状况调查

目的：了解氯氮平在住院男性精神分裂症中的应用状况。方法对120例住院男性精神分裂症患者应用氯氮平治疗状况进行调查分析。结果本组男性精神分裂症患者氯氮平使用率为65．0％,其中97．4％的病程≥5a,64．1％的经济状况较差（农村低保）;单一用药占38．5％,两药联用占55．1％,三药联用占6．4％;氯氮平联合第一代及第二代抗精神病药物的概率均为17．9％,联合情绪稳定剂的概率为20．5％。结论住院男性精神分裂症患者应用氯氮平的频率较高。氯氮平多用于病程≥5a,且经济状况较差的精神分裂症患者,以联合用药为主,临床医生应严格掌握用药适应证,注重患者的远期疗效及认知功能、社会功能的恢复。     

经皮与开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折术中椎旁肌细胞应激反应的比较研究

目的比较传统开放手术与经皮微创手术治疗胸腰椎骨折对椎旁肌细胞的急性损伤程度。方法经皮手术组与开放手术组患者各15例。分别在肌肉暴露后即刻、肌肉牵开后0．5、1、1．5小时及松开牵开器后，共5个时段提取肌肉标本，免疫组化方法测定细胞HSPT0表达，比色法测定细胞MDA含量，分析两种术式对椎旁肌细胞造成的应激反应。结果开放手术组椎旁肌细胞MDA含量在肌肉牵开后0．5小时无明显变化，1．0小时组有显著升高，1．5小时组达到高峰。松开牵开器后仍维持在较高的水平。经皮手术组椎旁肌细胞MDA含量在手术各个时间段均没有显著升高。开放手术组椎旁肌HSP70阳性细胞数在肌肉牵开后0．5小时即明显增多，1．5小时组达到高峰，而松开牵开器后出现明显减少趋势。经皮手术组椎旁HSP70阳性细胞数在手术各个时间段均没有显著变化。结论与经皮微创手术相比，传统开放手术造成椎旁肌细胞严重应激反应，提示其对椎旁肌产生严重急性损伤。     

重组人血管内皮抑制素联合顺铂化疗方案在非小细胞肺癌合并肺不张中的疗效观察

目的 探究重组人血管内皮抑制素联合顺铂化疗方案在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)合并肺不张中的疗效.方法 将80例NSCLC合并肺不张患者根据治疗方案的不同分为顺铂化疗组与抑制素组,每组40例.顺铂化疗组应用常规治疗方法及顺铂化疗,抑制素组在顺铂化疗组基础上使用重组人血管内皮抑制素.比较两组患者总生存期、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分、T淋巴细胞亚群水平、血清肿瘤标志物及不良反应发生情况.结果 抑制素组患者5年总生存率为38.73％,高于顺铂化疗组的21.08％,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.87,P﹤0.05).治疗后,抑制素组患者VAS评分低于顺铂化疗组,KPS评分高于顺铂化疗组;抑制素组CD3+、CD4+水平均高于顺铂化疗组,CD8+水平低于顺铂化疗组;抑制素组患者癌胚抗原(CEA)、细胞角质蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)及鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)水平均低于顺铂化疗组;抑制素组患者不良反应总发生率低于顺铂化疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 NSCLC合并肺不张患者治疗中,顺铂化疗方案基础上应用重组人血管内皮抑制素,能够延长患者生存期,缓解患者疼痛,降低CEA、CYFRA21-1及SCCA水平,提高免疫功能,降低不良反应的发生率.     

Ethanol’s Effects on Transient Receptor Potential Channel Expression in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Ethanol (EtOH), the main ingredient in alcoholic beverages, is well known for its behavioral, physiological, and immunosuppressive effects. There is evidence that EtOH acts through protein targets to exert its physiological effects; however, the mechanisms underlying EtOH’s effects on inflammatory processes, particularly at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are still poorly understood. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, the vanguards of human sensory systems, are novel molecular receptors significantly affected by EtOH, and are heavily expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), one of the cellular constituents of the BBB. EtOH’s actions on endothelial TRP channels could affect intracellular Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ dynamics, which mediate leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and endothelial permeability at the BBB, thus altering immune and inflammatory responses. We examined the basal expression profiles of all 29 known mammalian TRP channels in mouse BMVECs and determined both EtOH concentration- and time-dependent effects on TRP expression using a PCR array. We also generated an in vitro BBB model to examine the involvement of a chosen TRP channel, TRP melastatin 7 (TRPM7), in EtOH-mediated alteration of BBB permeability. With the exception of the akyrin subfamily, members of five TRP subfamilies were expressed in mouse BMVECs, and their expression levels were modulated by EtOH in a concentration-dependent manner. In the in vitro BBB model, TRPM7 antagonists further enhanced EtOH-mediated alteration of BBB permeability. Because of the diversity of TRP channels in BMVECs that regulate cellular processes, EtOH can affect Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ signaling, immune responses, lysosomal functions as well as BBB integrity.     

Air-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase for the determination of triazole fungicides in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach was introduced to determine triazole fungicides in water samples by air-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Ionic liquid was applied as the extraction solvent rather than a high-toxicity extraction solvent. The air-assisted dispersion method induced a trace amount of the ionic liquid to disperse as small droplets in the water sample, which significantly increased the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase for the rapid transfer of target fungicides without using a dispersion solvent or auxiliary extraction devices. The solidification of the aqueous phase facilitated the collection of extraction solvent. The type of extraction solvent, the volume ratio of the extraction solvent to the water sample, the number of extraction cycles, the addition of NaCl, and pH values were evaluated. The recoveries were 72.65–100.13% with a relative standard deviation of 0.92% to 5.99%. The limits of quantification varied from 0.65 ng mL⁻¹ to 1.83 ng mL⁻¹. This approach can be used to determine fungicides in ground, river, and lake water samples.

A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach was introduced to determine triazole fungicides in water samples by air-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase by HPLC-DAD.     

咀嚼刺激调节机体应激神经机制的研究进展

应激源激活下丘脑、蓝斑、杏仁核和海马等核团,诱发机体功能紊乱及相关的病理变化,表现出紧咬牙、咬甲癖、磨牙症,甚至颞下颌关节紊乱等口颌系统症状。三叉神经感觉及运动核团能调控咀嚼的口腔感受及咀嚼肌运动,并参与应激状态下的机体反应。本综述就中枢神经系统对应激的研究做了概括,并且总结了咀嚼刺激对于机体应激状态的正性调节作用,以期探讨压力应激下口颌系统的生理、病理反应的潜在发病机制,从而进一步指导临床治疗。     

逍遥散加减在妇科临床的应用体会

逍遥散加减在妇产科应用中范围很广．凡属肝郁所致的血虚、阴虚、肾虚或兼有火郁、痰郁、血滞、食郁、湿郁等皆可酌情加减，灵活应用。