Medical Histories of Control Subjects Influence the Biomarker Potential of Plasma Aβ in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Meta-analysis

Whether blood amyloid-β (Aβ) could be a peripheral biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains in dispute. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis with 19 citations searched from Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library database. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used to estimate the effect size. We firstly analyzed the plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in AD and control group subjects. However, only a lower level of plasma Aβ42 was figured out in AD group subjects with weak statistical significance (WMD 1.82; 95% CI 0.59, 3.06; P = 0.004; I2 = 84%). We considered that the medical histories of control subjects could influence the biomarker ability of plasma Aβ. Therefore, subgroup analyses were then carried out based on a new recruiting criterion for control subjects, defining as no afflictions of any Aβ-related diseases. Surprisingly, AD group subjects showed a significant decrease in plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio with low heterogeneity among studies (WMD 0.02; 95% CI 0.02, 0.02; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Moreover, not only the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio but also Aβ42 and Aβ40 were indifferent between AD and pseudo-control subjects which might be afflicted with Aβ-related diseases. This meta-analysis demonstrated that medical histories of control subjects were interference factors impeding plasma Aβ to be a biomarker of AD.     

局部晚期食管鳞癌新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解关系分析

目的 探讨接受新辅助放化疗的局部晚期食管鳞癌患者新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解(pCR)的关系。方法 收集2017-2019年间在四川大学华西医院肿瘤中心经病理确诊为食管鳞癌并接受新辅助放化疗和手术的 116例局部晚期患者临床资料。116例患者中 40~45Gy组 80例,≥45Gy组 36例,分析两组术后pCR率。结果 全组患者的pCR率为38.8%(45/116),40~45Gy组与≥45Gy组的pCR率分别为44%(35/80)和28%(10/36)(P=0.105)。结论 术前新辅助采用较高的放疗剂量不增加局部晚期食管鳞癌的pCR率,有必要进行前瞻性的临床研究确定合适的新辅助放疗剂量。     

Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols

α-Tocopherol (α-T) is the major form of vitamin E (VE) in animals and has the highest activity in carrying out the essential antioxidant functions of VE. Because of the involvement of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis, the cancer prevention activity of α-T has been studied extensively. Lower VE intake or nutritional status has been shown to be associated with increased cancer risk, and supplementation of α-T to populations with VE insufficiency has shown beneficial effects in lowering the cancer risk in some intervention studies. However, several large intervention studies with α-T conducted in North America have not demonstrated a cancer prevention effect. More recent studies have centered on the γ- and δ-forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3). In comparison with α-T, these forms have much lower systemic bioavailability but have shown stronger cancer-preventive activities in many studies in animal models and cell lines. γ-T3 and δ-T3 generally have even higher activities than γ-T and δ-T. In this article, we review recent results from human and laboratory studies on the cancer-preventive activities of different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, at nutritional and pharmacological levels. We aim to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the preventive actions and discuss the possible application of the available information for human cancer prevention by different VE forms.     

广东省潮汕地区单中心头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者人乳头瘤病毒初步检测分析

目的探讨广东省潮汕地区单中心头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及亚型状况。方法收集2014年12月至2016年12月汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院167例HNSCC患者的肿瘤原发灶标本。采用免疫组织化学(IHC)法检测肿瘤组织中p16蛋白的表达,以肿瘤细胞p16蛋白阳性率≥76%为判断HNSCC存在HPV的依据,分析p16蛋白与患者临床病理因素的关系。采用原位杂交法(ISH)检测肿瘤组织中是否存在HPV 16、18 DNA;应用RNAscope法检测肿瘤组织中18种常见的高危HPV亚型(HPV HR 18)RNA的表达情况,分析p16蛋白阳性细胞比例≥50%的肿瘤组织中HPV HR 18阳性情况。结果患者p16蛋白强表达率为7.2%(12/167);低龄组(<50岁)p16蛋白强表达率高于高龄组(≥50岁)[17.2%(5/29)比5.1%(7/138),χ^2=5.321,P=0.021];口咽癌组p16蛋白强表达率高于非口咽癌组[29.4%(5/17)比4.7%(7/150),χ^2=14.019,P<0.01];性别、烟酒嗜好及肿瘤分期分层患者间p16蛋白强表达率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。ISH检测示,全部HNSCC原发灶均未发现HPV 16、18 DNA,重复实验结果一致。RNAscope法检测示,肿瘤细胞p16蛋白阳性率≥50%的19例患者中,3例(15.8%)肿瘤组织HPV HR 18 RNA阳性。结论潮汕地区HNSCC患者的HPV阳性率较低,以口咽癌患者最高,且呈年轻化趋势。潮汕地区HNSCC主要致HPV亚型可能并非HPV 16、18,而可能是包括HPV HR 18中的其他致病亚型。     

和厚朴酚对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431增殖凋亡作用及可能的机制分析

目的:研究和厚朴酚（Honokial,HNK）对人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431增殖凋亡作用及可能的机制分析。方法:采用CCK8实验方法检测和厚朴酚对A431细胞增殖的影响;Western blot定量分析和厚朴酚对Bcl-2和Bad蛋白表达的影响;Western blot定分析和厚朴酚对A431细胞中p53蛋白表达的影响;利用p53过表达腺病毒,并联合应用药物,通过CCK8和Western blot方法分析和厚朴酚对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果:和厚朴酚以浓度和时间依赖性地抑制A431细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡,上升Bad蛋白水平,下调Bcl-2蛋白水平;和厚朴酚可上调A431细胞中p53蛋白表达水平;加入p53过表达腺病毒可增强和厚朴酚的作用,抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡。结论:和厚朴酚能够抑制人皮肤鳞癌细胞A431的增殖并诱导凋亡,其机制可能与p53信号通路有关。     

CIP2A在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探究蛋白磷酸酶2A(CIP2A)在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达情况及临床意义。方法:选取2011年1月至2014年3月行手术切除并经病理证实的50例子宫内膜样腺癌(EAC)及同期行门诊刮宫术获取的40例正常增生期子宫内膜(NE)组织标本。应用RT-PCR、Western blot法检测EAC和NE组织中CIP2A mRNA及蛋白水平,免疫组化法检测CIP2A阳性表达情况。分析CIP2A在EAC和NE组织中的表达差异及与子宫内膜样腺癌临床病理特征的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析CIP2A不同表达水平对患者预后生存的影响,通过COX分析预后独立危险因素。结果:免疫组化染色显示:CIP2A在子宫内膜样腺癌中呈高表达,阳性着色定位于细胞浆和细胞核中,EAC组织中CIP2A阳性表达率显著高于NE组织(P＜0.01)。RT-PCR和Western blot检测显示EAC组织中CIP2A mRNA及蛋白表达水平高于NE组织(P＜0.01)。CIP2A表达与EAC的组织学分级、FIGO分期、宫颈管受累情况、p53表达及Ki-67增殖指数有关（P＜0.05）。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析显示EAC患者5年无病生存率为92.0%、总生存率为88.0%;CIP2A表达、组织学分级、FIGO分期、肌层浸润深度、附件转移、脉管内癌栓及Ki-67增殖指数与患者预后不良相关（P＜0.05）。多因素分析显示,组织学分级、FIGO分期及脉管内癌栓是影响子宫内膜样腺癌患者预后生存的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:CIP2A在子宫内膜样腺癌中呈高表达,与患者总生存率下降相关,并非影响患者预后的独立危险因素。     

先天性高胰岛素血症18例临床特征和遗传学分析

目的 对先天性高胰岛素血症(CHI)的临床特征及致病基因携带情况进行总结及分析.方法 选取2015年12月—2018年10月北京儿童医院内分泌遗传代谢科收治临床先天性高胰岛素血症患儿18例为研究对象,对患儿的临床特征、致病基因携带情况、诊疗经过和后期随访资料等进行回顾性分析.结果 18例患儿中,男7例,女11例,起病年...     

外源性Apelin-13通过调控 VEGF/PI3K/Akt信号通路促进大鼠股骨骨折愈合

目的 探讨Apelin-13调控VEGF/PI3K/Akt信号通路对大鼠股骨骨折愈合的影响.方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组(sham组)、模型组(Model组)、Apelin-13低剂量组[Apelin-13 L组,25μg/(kg·d)]和Apelin-13高剂量组[Apelin-13 H组,75μg/(...