Blockade of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 pathway exacerbates sepsis-induced immune deviation and immunosuppression

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, but the pathophysiological basis and biomarkers for the monitoring of sepsis and as targets for therapy remain to be determined. We have shown previously that T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3), a negative immune regulator, is involved in the physiopathology of sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that Tim-3 signalling modulated the response patterns of both macrophages and T helper cells in sepsis. Blockade of the Tim-3 pathway exacerbated sepsis-induced proinflammatory macrophage responses and lymphocyte apoptosis during the early phase of sepsis, and enhanced the shift to anti-inflammatory responses for both macrophages and T helper cells during the late phase of sepsis. Tim-3 signalling was found to regulate CD80 and CD86 expression on macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Co-culture of T cells with Tim-3 knock-down macrophages led to a biased T helper type 2 (Th2) response, partially explaining how Tim-3 signalling shapes inflammation patterns in vivo. Further studies on this pathway might shed new light on the pathogenesis of sepsis and suggest new approaches for intervention.     

Heterocyclic iodoniums as versatile synthons to approach diversified polycyclic heteroarenes

Polycyclic heteroarenes are important scaffolds in the construction of pharmaceuticals. We have previously developed a series of novel heterocyclic iodoniums. In our current work, these unique iodoniums were employed to construct various complex polycyclic heteroarenes with structural diversity via tandem dual arylations. As a result, indole, thiophene and triphenylene motifs were fused into these heterocycles with high molecular quality, which might provide promising fragments in drug discovery. Moreover, these heterocycles could be diversified at a late stage.

The transformation of heterocyclic iodoniums led to the construction of heterocycles with a high structural diversity.     

妊娠合并妇科恶性肿瘤的管理

妊娠合并恶性肿瘤被定义为在妊娠期间或产后1年内确诊的恶性肿瘤。近年来,随着“二孩”政策的开放和辅助生殖技术的发展,女性生育年龄推迟,孕产妇平均年龄增大,妊娠合并恶性肿瘤的发病率日趋上升。本文总结了常见的妊娠合并妇科恶性肿瘤（宫颈癌、卵巢恶性肿瘤、子宫内膜癌、外阴癌）管理的进展和治疗建议,讨论了妊娠期手术和放化疗的安全性,以及肿瘤和胎儿可能的结局,为制订最优化的诊治方案提供参考。