儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失的诊治体会

对18例20耳8～14岁突发性感音神经性听力损失患儿的临床资料进行了总结和分析,结果表明儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失发病与首诊之间病程较长,部分患儿有上感、流行性腮腺炎病史,可能和听力损失发生有关.儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失治疗效果类似于成人患者,而全聋者疗效差.东菱克栓酶同样适于治疗儿童突发性感音神经性听力损失且疗效和安全性较好,无明显的出血倾向和其它并发症.     

ODC反义寡核苷酸对K562细胞生长抑制作用

鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ornithine decarboxylase,ODC)是催化多胺生物合成的限速酶.过去的研究表明多胺在维持肿瘤恶性表型中起着重要作用.用ODC不可逆抑制剂抑制多胺生物合成不仅能抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖而且还诱导细胞分化.近年我们采用反义技术,以ODC反义RNA转染肿瘤细胞,通过对ODC表达的封闭,成功地使其恶性表型得到了逆转.提示抑制肿瘤细胞的多胺合成可能是抗癌的有效途径.本文用ODC反义寡核苷酸控制肿瘤细胞的多胺生物合成,观察了其对K562细胞生长特性的影响,以期为ODC反义寡核苷酸在肿瘤临床的应用提供实验依据.     

组织蛋白酶D在ⅡB型骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）与骨肉瘤患者预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化技术检测３４例骨肉瘤组织标本中的ＣＤ表达水平，并结合患者临床病案记录和随访资料进行分析。结果ＣＤ高表达与低表达之间的肿瘤转移人数和２年生存人数差异显著，且ＣＤ低表达患者的平均生存时间较高表达者为长。经Ｋａｐｌａｎ┐Ｍｅｉｅｒ分析，两组间生存率有显著差异。结论ＣＤ高表达的骨肉瘤易发生转移，预后不良，应加强治疗。     

Family history of cancer and autoimmune disease and risk of leukemia in infancy: a report from the Children's Cancer Group (United States and Canada)

Objectives: As there are some suggestions that a family history of cancer or autoimmune disease might be associated with an increased risk of leukemia in children, we explored this possibility using data from a matched case-control study conducted by the Children's Cancer Group. Methods: We compared the family history of cancer and autoimmune diseases of 302 infant leukemia cases (diagnosed within the first 18 months of life) with that of 668 individually matched controls in the United States and Canada. Results: Although not significant, cancer history in parents was found to be associated with an elevated risk of infant leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-3.6), predominantly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (OR = 2.2, CI = 0.6-9.0). Cancer history among second-degree relatives was also related to a non-significantly elevated risk of AML. Family history of autoimmune diseases, on the other hand, was generally not found to be related to the risk of infant leukemia. Conclusion: This study provided no strong evidence that family history of cancer or autoimmune disease is a major risk factor for infant leukemia.     

The prevalence of lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance in Chinese children of different ages

Objective To determine lactose metabolism and lactase activity in Chinese children of diff erent ages, prevalence of lactase deficiency (LD), and lactose intoleran ce (LI).
Methods All 1168 healthy subjects between 3 and 13 years were recruited from schools in four large cities in China. They were screened by a 25 g lactose tolerance tes t. Some subjects were challenged with 50 g milk powder on different days. Bot h indicators, the expiratory H₂ concentration and intolerance symptoms, were a nalyzed.
Results LD occurred in 38.5% of children in the 3-5 year age group, and 87% of the 7-8 year and 11-13 year old groups. The age of occurrence for LD may be at 7-8 years among Chinese children. The prevalence of LI among Chinese children w as 12.2% at age 3-5 years, 33.1% at age 7-8 years, and 30.5% at age 11-13 yea rs, respectively.
Conclusion The results demonstrate that LD is very common in Chinese children from these fo ur cities. LD and LI have a dose dependent response: lactose absorption and sym ptoms are based on lactase activity. The relationship between breast feeding hi story (or the history of cow milk intake) and lactase activity among Chinese chi ldren has not been established.      

ras基因的表达与胃癌细胞生物学特性的相关研究

为研究ｒａｓ基因在胃癌中的表达，采用组织化学、免疫化学和自动图像分析方法，检测了５４例胃癌切除标本的ｒａｓ基因表达、癌细胞核形态参数和ＤＮＡ含量及倍体分布类型。发现胃癌细胞ｐ２１表达水平随着ＤＮＡ含量不断增多、倍体成倍增加而逐渐下降。表明ｒａｓ过度表达主要出现在细胞表型发生明显转化之前。此外，发现胃癌细胞ｐ２１的表达水平与癌细胞核形态参数、癌肿大小、有无淋巴结转移均无关。     

加味参附汤对吗啡依赖戒断小鼠免疫功能的影响

吗啡依赖小鼠自然戒断后可见脾脏、胸腺萎缩，巨噬细胞Fc受体阳性百分率及吞噬功能、外周血T淋巴细胞总数、T淋巴细胞对PHA的殖反应、脾T淋巴细胞CD4^ 百分率及CD4^ /CD8^ 比值均明显下降；吗啡继续成瘾而未戒断的小鼠的以上指标进一步损伤；加味参附汤（MSFD）治疗小鼠以上指标均有不同程度的恢复；而丁丙诺啡治疗后免疫功能状态仍低于或相当于自然戒断时。提示MSFD能促进吗啡依赖戒断小鼠损伤的免疫功能的恢复，这一作用可能与其对神经内分泌系统的调节有关。     

补阳还五汤对大鼠静脉血栓形成前后静脉血中血小板活化因子含量的影响

补阳还五汤可明显降低实验性静脉血栓形成后静脉血中ＰＡＦ含量，而对血栓形成前静脉血中ＰＡＦ含量无明显影响；明显降低静脉血栓形成百分率；减轻静脉血栓的干重和血栓－体重指数。     

胃及十二指肠食管反流对致癌剂诱发大鼠食管肿瘤的影响

目的：通过动物实验研究胃液及十二指肠内容物反流对食管肿瘤发生过程的影响。方法：通过不同手术方式制作３种动物模型：胃食管反流（Ｇ）组,单纯十二指肠食管反流（Ｄ）组,十二指肠,胃混合食管反流（ＤＧ组）及无反流对照组（Ｃ组）。术后均注射食管致癌剂甲基戊基亚硝胺（ＭＡＮＡ）,于２６周取出食管进行大体及光镜下形态学观察。结果：各反流组出现严重食管粘膜损害,病变较对照组明显加重且发生率高,病变严重程度Ｄ组〉Ｄ     

干预性措施对上海和青岛郊区已婚育龄妇女节育状况的影响

对上海和青岛郊区已婚育龄妇女节育状况的调查发现,25岁以下的已婚妇女避孕现用率最低,有孩子的妇女现用率高.研究还发现给予宣教和引进新避孕方法进行干预后.避孕现用率比干预前提高(OR=1.4～1,5),干预后使用皮下埋植剂和新型IUD(T型)的妇女增多,提示干预性措施是有效果的.