基于循证的自我管理项目在溃疡性结肠炎患者中的临床应用

目的探讨基于循证的自我管理项目在溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)患者中的临床应用效果。方法 2014年6月至2016年2月,采用便利抽样法选取南京中医药大学附属医院脾胃科、肛肠科87例UC患者为研究对象。按随机数字表法,随机分为观察组(47例)和对照组(42例)。对照组UC患者给予常规药物治疗和健康教育,观察组UC患者在对照组的基础上给予12周的自我管理项目干预,内容包括动机性访谈、制定自我管理方案、基于循证的自我管理手册、自我管理的网络支持和24h电话支持。干预前及干预12周后运用调查问卷评估两组患者的一般情况、自我效能、自我管理行为和生活质量。结果观察组UC患者掌握疾病活动度和饮食日记记录情况优于对照组;干预12周后,两组UC患者自我效能感和全身症状缓解得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论自我管理循证实践方案能提高轻、中度UC患者的自我效能水平,促进其部分健康行为的改变,从而改善患者疾病相关生活质量。     

不同放尿方法对剖宫产术后病人膀胱功能的影响

目的 :探讨剖宫产术后不同放尿方法对病人膀胱功能的恢复、子宫复旧及产后出血的影响。方法 :将 12 0例剖宫产术后病人随机分为3组 ,甲组采用开放式引流法 ,乙组采用自主性放尿法 ,丙组采用定时性放尿与自主性放尿相结合的方法。结果 :开放式引流法对剖宫产术后病人膀胱功能的恢复有影响 ,对子宫复旧、产后出血无影响 ;自主性放尿法对剖宫产术后病人膀胱功能的恢复、子宫复旧、产后出血均有影响 ;定时性放尿与自主性放尿相结合的方法可促进剖宫产术后病人膀胱功能的恢复 ,不影响子宫复旧及产后出血。结论 :定时性放尿与自主性放尿相结合的方法优于开放式引流法和单纯自主性放尿法 ,适用于剖宫产术后病人。     

An essential role for Notch in neural crest during cardiovascular development and smooth muscle differentiation

The cardiac outflow tract develops as a result of a complex interplay among several cell types, including cardiac neural crest cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. In both humans and mice, mutations in components of the Notch signaling pathway result in congenital heart disease characterized by cardiac outflow tract defects. However, the specific cell types in which Notch functions during cardiovascular development remain to be defined. In addition, in vitro studies have provided conflicting data regarding the ability of Notch to promote or inhibit smooth muscle differentiation, while the physiological role for Notch in smooth muscle formation during development remains unclear. In this study, we generated mice in which Notch signaling was specifically inactivated in derivatives of the neural crest. These mice exhibited cardiovascular anomalies, including aortic arch patterning defects, pulmonary artery stenosis, and ventricular septal defects. We show that Notch plays a critical, cell-autonomous role in the differentiation of cardiac neural crest precursors into smooth muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo, and we identify specific Notch targets in neural crest that are implicated in this process. These results provide a molecular and cellular framework for understanding the role of Notch signaling in the etiology of congenital heart disease.     

纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架的生物相容性

背景:新型仿生纳米壳聚糖-胶原支架在纳米水平上与细胞外基质结构相似,其是否可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附及生长,并显示良好的相容性?目的:评价新型纳米壳聚糖-胶原支架与SD大鼠骨髓基质干细胞的体外相容性.设计:单一样本观察.单位:暨南大学附属第一医院骨科.材料:实验于2007-03/2007-07在暨南大学附属第一医院实验中心完成.选取10只4周龄雌性SD大鼠,SPF级,体质量200 g,由广东省实验动物中心提供(许可证号为SCXK(粤)2003-0002).实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准.纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架由理工学院生物材料研究室提供.方法:①分离培养SD大鼠骨髓基质干细胞,流式细胞分析法对细胞表面抗原进行检测.②聚电解质共凝聚技术制作纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架.③取生长良好的P3代,与纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架体外联合诱导培养,以单纯纳米壳聚糖支架材料为对照,通过细胞贴壁率、生长曲线、细胞活力及周期、扫描电镜观察综合评价材料与细胞的相容性. 主要观察指标:①骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养后进行流式细胞表面抗原标志鉴定.②纳米材料及细胞复合2,4,8 d后扫描电镜观察细胞与材料相容情况.③细胞对材料黏附率的测定.④细胞与材料复合5 d检测细胞周期及活力.结果:①细胞表面抗原标志检测结果:CD29表达为90.86%,CD106表达为73.38%,CD44表达为82.61%,CD34表达为0.76%,CD45表达为0.60%.②细胞与材料相容情况:扫描电镜可见纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架为多孔的三维立体结构,材料内部形成大小不一的大孔和互连的小孔,彼此相互交通.应用质量法测得的孔隙率为85%～90%,孔径为50～300 μm,平均150 μm.骨髓基质干细胞复合到纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架后2 d,细胞呈球形散在分布;4 d后细胞呈梭形,延展爬行且有伪足与材料表面锚靠;8 d时细胞增殖,相互间融合,并有大量的细胞外基质分泌,大部分材料颗粒被覆盖.③细胞对材料黏附率:细胞-支架复合物共培养2及6 h,骨髓基质干细胞在纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架的黏附率均高于单纯纳米壳聚糖支架.④纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架与单纯纳米壳聚糖支架的细胞、细胞周期特点比较:纳米壳聚糖-胶原纤维支架细胞活力为96.67%,细胞周期G0-G1为90.81%,G2-M为0.52%,S为8.66%,G2/G1为1.81.单纯纳米壳聚糖支架细胞活力为95.27%,细胞周期G0-G1为87.14%,G2-M为9.69%,S为4.16%,G2/G1为1.80.结论:纳米壳聚糖-胶原支架与骨髓基质干细胞有良好的组织相容性,可用来做组织工程生物材料.     

α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯黏接兔桡骨横断骨折的效果

目的:采用α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯医用胶进行兔体内桡骨中段横断骨折的黏接固定,观察其在体内降解的速度以及对桡骨横断骨折黏接固定的效果。方法:实验于2003-09/2004-03在四川大学华西医院完成。选择健康成年新西兰大白兔72只,随机分为α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组、模型对照组,36只/组。①全部动物腹腔麻醉后常规方法锯断桡骨制作桡骨中段横断骨折模型。②α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组拭干骨折断端血迹后在断端间滴入一两滴α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯黏接胶(由α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯添加催化剂及辅助成分精制而成),加压并维持1min,以使胶体充分固化;模型对照组不采用内固定,以尺骨为支架进行自然固定。③术后2,4,6,8,10,12周分批处死动物,6只/组。对断端骨折愈合情况以及胶体残留情况进行大体观察、X线片和组织学检查。结果:实验选用大白兔72只,全部进入结果分析。①术后不同时间两组大体观察和X线片检查结果:两组均于术后4周可见骨痂形成,8周骨折线模糊并有较多骨痂形成,12周骨折线完全消失;但前8周α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组的骨折愈合速度均较模型对照组为慢,8周以后材料已经基本降解吸收,两组骨折愈合速度基本相同。②术后不同时间两组组织学观察结果:α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组随着胶体的降解,骨折逐步愈合,术后4周时纤维细胞和软骨细胞逐渐长入,6周时可见材料被软骨细胞和纤维细胞包裹,8周时材料降解破碎,材料逐渐吸收并可见软骨化骨。12周时编织骨密度基本接近骨组织,连接骨折断端,骨折基本骨性愈合。模型对照组在各时间点的愈合程度基本与α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯组相似。结论:在黏接固定兔桡骨骨折过程中,α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯在体内2周即开始降解,10～12周完全降解消失,未形成板障效应,骨折愈合效果良好。提示α-氰基丙烯酸正辛酯具有较高的生物力学强度,是黏接固定骨折的新方法。     

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based study

BACKGROUND:

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and angina. Despite safety concerns associated with short-acting agents, increasing evidence supports the safety of long-acting dihydropyridines. Although amlodipine is the best studied of these, there are few studies comparing it with nifedipine.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association between hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes and treatment with amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine in patients 65 years of age and older. The primary objective was a composite of hospital admission for angina or acute myocardial infarction.

METHODS:

The present population-based, retrospective cohort study used linked health care databases from Ontario. Propensity scores were used to identify highly similar patients started on amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine between April 1997 and March 2002. Time-to-event analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:

The analysis included 24,190 patients (44% male; mean age 75 years) treated with amlodipine or extended-release nifedipine (n=12,095 each). The number of patients reaching the primary end point was 362 (3%) and 294 (2.4%) in the amlodipine and nifedipine groups, respectively. The groups were similar in a large number of demographic and clinical characteristics. No significant differences were observed among users of extended-release nifedipine (adjusted hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.13) relative to amlodipine.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings suggest that amlodipine and extended-release nifedipine are not associated with differential rates of acute coronary events in older patients.