超声造影TIC定量参数在乳腺癌分期早期诊断中的应用

目的探究乳腺癌患者超声造影时间-强度曲线(TIC)参数与其分子生物学标志物的相关性。方法回顾性分析109例乳腺癌患者临床资料,根据其TNM分期分为中早期组和晚期组。比较两组TIC相关参数和分子生物学标志物水平,采用ROC曲线分析TIC相关参数对乳腺癌分期的评估效能。结果晚期组TIC相对上升斜率、达峰强度、曲线下面积大于中早期组,TIC相对达峰时间短于中早期组(P＜0.05)。晚期组雌激素受体、孕激素受体、人表皮生长因子-2、增殖相关核抗原ki-67阳性表达等均高于中早期组(P＜0.05)。TIC相对上升斜率、达峰时间、达峰强度、曲线下面积评估乳腺癌TNM分期的AUC分别为0.878、0.755、0.843、0.796。结论乳腺癌患者TIC参数可有效反映乳腺癌进展情况,且其获取方式更具无创性,可为临床评估乳腺癌分期提供参考。     

Association of androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat polymorphism with cryptorchidism: A meta‐analysis

Researches on association between variations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene repeat polymorphisms and cryptorchidism (CO) had conflicting results. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to analyse the potential effects of AR CAG and/or GGN repeat polymorphism on CO. Studies were independently appraised by two investigators on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO databases and Foreign Medical Retrieval System. Case–control studies with measurement of CAG and/or GGN repeat length were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the CAG or GGN repeat polymorphism and CO were calculated. Five reports were included in this analysis. Overall, no difference was identified between patients and fertile men in CAG repeat length. However, when the CO was divided into unilateral and bilateral, longer CAG repeat region was significantly associated with CO in bilateral group (WMD = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.01–1.47; p < .05). In addition, GGN lengths were significantly higher in patients compared with those in controls (WMD = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.28–2.06; p < .05). No obvious effect was found in the GGN length when compared unilateral or bilateral group with control respectively. The results in this meta‐analysis indicated that AR CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms may be an important pathogenesis of CO.     

DNAH6 is a novel candidate gene associated with sperm head anomaly

Globozoospermia and acephalic spermatozoa are two rare sperm head anomalies associated with male infertility. Combination of the two phenotypes in the same patient is extremely rare, so the underlying pathogenesis of this disorder remains unclear. Here, we report a 35‐year‐old infertile male, who presented with 30% of sperm‐lacked heads and 69% of sperm round‐headed or small‐headed with neck thickening in his ejaculate. Subsequent whole‐exome sequencing (WES) analysis identified compound heterozygous variants within the DNAH6 gene. DNAH6 is a testis‐specific‐expressed protein that was localised to the neck region in the spermatozoa of normal control; however, immunofluorescent staining failed to detect DNAH6 protein in the patient's spermatozoa. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis also showed the complete absence of DNAH6 mRNA in the patient's spermatozoa. Moreover, two cycles of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)‐assisted reproduction were carried out, but pregnancy was not achieved after embryo transfer. Therefore, rare sequence variants in DNAH6 might be susceptibility risks for human sperm head anomaly.     

使用新型导尿管与普通橡胶导尿管留置导尿期间患者泌尿系感染的对照研究

目的报告我院研制的新型导尿管的使用效果及与普通橡胶导尿管在长期留置导尿患者中泌尿系感染发生率的差异。方法 52例合并尿道损伤患者(使用新型导尿管组28例,普通导尿管组24例)以及58例不合并尿道损伤患者(使用新型导尿管组26例,普通橡胶导尿管组32例),完成留置导尿术后,在第3天、第5天、第10天时取中段尿进行尿细菌学培养,比较不同组患者泌尿系感染发生率情况。结果合并尿道损伤患者中,使用新型导尿管和普通橡胶导尿管的患者在第3天、第5天时,泌尿系感染发生率的差异不具有显著性(P分别为0.149、0.054),而在第10天的时,泌尿系感染发生率的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.031),使用普通橡胶导尿管患者的泌尿系感染发生率更高。不合并尿道损伤患者中,使用新型导尿管和普通橡胶导尿管患者的患者在第3天、第5天、第10天时,患者泌尿系感染发生率的差异均不具有显著性(P均0.05),但是选择普通橡胶导尿管的患者泌尿系感染的发生率更高。结论新型导尿管有效及实用,不增加长期留置导尿期间泌尿系感染的发生率。     

Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Treatment of Large Cartilage Defects of the Femoral Head: A Minimum Two-Year Follow-Up Study of Twenty-Two Patients

Background

Controversy remains over the surgical management of large osteochondral lesions of the femoral head in young, active patients. The purpose of this study is to assess midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes after fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (OAT) for large femoral head lesions at minimum 2-year follow-up.