近五年针刺治疗慢性疼痛机制研究进展

针刺镇痛在临床上被广泛应用。针刺的神经传导通路与机体痛觉传导通路基本相似,对周围神经和中枢神经均有一定的影响,因此推断这可能是针刺缓解疼痛的一种调节机制。本文总结了近五年针刺治疗各种疼痛疾病的机制研究,从传导通路上分析得知针刺能激发神经元活性,改善周围神经的病理变化,增加神经元之间突触传递,修复受损的周围神经以缓解疼痛。此外,应用针刺或加用电针治疗痛症,能改善大脑内与疼痛相关各功能区之间的联系,对镇痛起到一定的中枢调控作用。在研究中还发现针刺能减少病变区炎性反应和细胞凋亡,增加细胞自噬和血管调节因子的表达。这些反应之间常存在一定的相互作用,共同缓解机体疼痛症状。然而,临床中针刺手法及辅助方法众多,治疗选取的相关穴位各异,根据疾病定位定性后选择最优组合方式是今后总结经验的重要目标。     

Avian IRF1 and IRF7 Play Overlapping and Distinct Roles in Regulating IFN-Dependent and -Independent Antiviral Responses to Duck Tembusu Virus Infection

Avian interferon regulatory factors 1 and 7 (IRF1 and IRF7) play important roles in the host’s innate immunity against viral infection. Our previous study revealed that duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection of chicken fibroblasts (DF1) and duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) induced the expression of a variety of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including VIPERIN, IFIT5, CMPK2, IRF1, and IRF7. IRF1 was further shown to play a significant role in regulating the up-expression of VIPERIN, IFIT5, and CMPK2 and inhibiting DTMUV replication. In this study, we confirm, through overexpression and knockout approaches, that both IRF1 and IRF7 inhibit DTMUV replication, mainly via regulation of type I IFN expression, as well as the induction of IRF1, VIPERIN, IFIT5, CMPK2, and MX1. In addition, IRF1 directly promoted the expression of VIPERIN and CMPK2 in an IFN-independent manner when IRF7 and type I IFN signaling were undermined. We also found that non-structural protein 2B (NS2B) of DTMUV was able to inhibit the induction of IFN-β mRNA triggered by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection or poly(I:C) treatment, revealing a strategy employed by DTMUV to evade host’s immunosurveillance. This study demonstrates that avian IRF7 and IRF1 play distinct roles in the regulation of type I IFN response during DTMUV infection.     

三七总皂甙对实验性脑缺血脑血流及血脑屏障的影响作用

目的 观察三七总皂甙对脑缺血后再灌流期间血脑屏障及脑血流的影响。方法 利用大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌流和全脑缺血再灌流损伤两种实验模型。结果 与相应对照组比较，不论是全脑缺血还是局灶性脑缺血1h后再灌注3d，应用三七总皂甙的各组动物及水肿明显减轻，血脑屏障通透性改善，大脑局部血流量显著增加。结论 三七总皂甙对脑缺血后脑水肿、血脑屏障、大脑局部血流量具有保护作用。     

英国伦理委员会的现状与分析

伦理委员会的主要职责是保护药物临床试验受试者的权益、安全和健康.现对英国伦理委员会的法律、法规、申请及审评程序等进行归纳分析,旨在对规范我国伦理委员会的运作具有参考借鉴作用.     

巩膜隧道切口和透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术后泪膜的影响

目的 探究巩膜隧道切口和透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化摘除术患者术后泪膜的影响。 方法 选取2014年2月至2015年10月接受白内障超声乳化摘除手术的白内障患者86例为研究对象,按手术切口不同分为实验组和对照组,每组43例。实验组患者采用透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化摘除术,对照组患者采用巩膜隧道切口进行手术,分别于术后第1、7、15和30天观察两种切口白内障超声乳化摘除术对患者泪膜功能的影响。 结果 术后第1、7、15天,实验组患者的泪膜破裂时间均较术前缩短,且实验组患者的泪膜破裂时间显著短于对照组;术后第30天,两组患者的泪膜破裂时间均较术前明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后第1、7、15、30天,两组患者的泪液分泌量均较术前明显增多,且实验组患者的泪液分泌量明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。 结论 与巩膜隧道切口行白内障超声乳化摘除术比较,透明角膜切口对患者术后泪膜功能的影响较小,是更值得在临床推广的白内障超声乳化摘除术的一种切口方式。     

Decoupling location specificity from perceptual learning of orientation discrimination

Perceptual learning of orientation discrimination is reported to be precisely specific to the trained retinal location. This specificity is often taken as evidence for localizing the site of orientation learning to retinotopic cortical areas V1/V2. However, the extant physiological evidence for training improved orientation turning in V1/V2 neurons is controversial and weak. Here we demonstrate substantial transfer of orientation learning across retinal locations, either from the fovea to the periphery or amongst peripheral locations. Most importantly, we found that a brief pretest at a peripheral location before foveal training enabled complete transfer of learning, so that additional practice at that peripheral location resulted in no further improvement. These results indicate that location specificity in orientation learning depends on the particular training procedures, and is not necessarily a genuine property of orientation learning. We suggest that non-retinotopic high brain areas may be responsible for orientation learning, consistent with the extant neurophysiological data.     

胆道发育不良患儿的临床病理特点回顾

目的 探讨胆道发育不良患儿的临床表现、病理特点、诊断、治疗及预后,提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析天津市儿童医院外科2010年6月至2016年11月收治的5例胆道发育不良患儿的发病情况、治疗过程,并通过复习国内外文献对胆道发育不良的疾病特点进行总结.结果 5例胆道发育不良患儿均因生后不久出现皮肤、巩膜黄染,内科治疗病情无改善入外科治疗;肝功能检查见胆红素水平升高,以直接胆红素升高为主,伴肝酶不同程度增高;超声检查示胆囊干瘪未充盈或胆囊腔狭小,胆总管显示不清.5例患儿行手术探查,术中造影显示肝内、外胆道通畅,管腔纤细;病理检查见部分汇管区中小叶间胆管缺失,小叶间胆管/汇管区＜0.5,诊断为胆道发育不良,予留置胆囊引流管,术后抗炎、补液、保肝及对症治疗.经2个月～6年门诊随访,5例患儿均存活至今,其中3例黄疸清除,1例皮肤仍黄染并伴有瘙痒,1例未退黄.结论 术前检查提示梗阻性黄疸患儿,术中造影提示胆道纤细,结合病理检查证实小叶间胆管/汇管区比例＜0.5,可以明确胆道发育不良的诊断.     

Safety and efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (SCT200) as second-line therapy in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: The mainstay treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) involves chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, alternative therapies are required for patients who are refractory or intolerant to existing therapies.Methods: In this single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase Ib study, 30 patients received an intravenous infusion of SCT200, an antiepidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) monoclonal antibody, 6.0 mg/kg once a week for 6 weeks, followed by 8.0 mg/kg once every 2 weeks u...     

近红外光谱法快速测定山银花中四种有机酸

目的：建立近红外光谱（Near-Infrared Spectroscopy,NIR）快速检测山银花提取过程中四种有机酸含量的方法。方法：采集山银花NIR图谱,以高效液相色谱法为参考方法测定绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C的含量。采用偏最小二乘法（Partial Least square,PLS）建立定量校正模型。结果：校正模型中绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B和异绿原酸C的相关系数R分别为0.997 6、0.997 0、0.979 2、0.998 9,内部交叉验证均方根误差（RMSECV）分别为0.039 4、0.014 4、0.007 3、0.007 8;预测结果中上述成分对应的相关系数分别为0.892 0、0.827 9、0.878 4、0.995 1,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.045 0、0.013 5、0.007 8、0.008 0,相对预测 偏差（RSEP）分别为0.351 0%、0.018 0%、0.040 0%、0.005 7%。结论：所建近红外检测方法快速、准确,可用于山 银花四种有机酸的快速检测。     

Antiosteoporotic chemical constituents from Er-Xian Decoction, a traditional Chinese herbal formula

AIM OF THE STUDY: Er Xian Decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has long been used for the treatment of osteoporosis and menopausal syndrome in China. The present study was designed to investigate the antiosteoporotic constituents of EXD, and evaluate their antiosteoporotic effects in ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblasts in neonatal calvaria cultures and osteoclasts derived from rat marrow cells were used to bioactivity-guided screen the active constituents. The proliferation of osteoblast was assayed by MTT methods. The activity of ALP and TRAP was measured by p- nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay. The antiosteoporotic effects of icariin (1), anemarsaponin B II (8) and berberine (6) were verified by using OVX rats model. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using the small animal scan mode. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphysical (PTM) sections were cut and stained for the bone histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: Bioactivity-guided fractionation has led to the successful isolation of antiosteoporotic constituents, i.e., icariin (1), icariside I (2), baohuoside I (3), mangiferin (4), neomangiferin (5), berberine (6), anemarsaponin B (7), anemarsaponin BII (8), anemarsaponin C (9), anemarrhenasaponin I (10), rubiadin-1-methyl ether (11) and obaculactone (12) from EXD. Further study showed that icariin (1), anemarsaponin BII (8) and berberine (6) increased the BMD in ovariectomized rats, and icariin (1) not only increased the bone formation, but also inhibited bone resorption; anemarsaponin BII (8) mainly increased bone formation and berberine (6) only inhibited the bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that multiple ingredients are responsible for antiosteoporotic activity in traditional Chinese medicine formula Er-Xian decoction.