Clinical management of abdominal trauma

Objective： To improve the prognosis of patients with abdominal trauma.
Methods： Between January 1993 and December 2005, 415 patients were enrolled in this research. The patients consisted of 347 males and 68 females with mean age of 36 years （ranging from 3-82 years）. All abdominal traumas consisted of closed traumas （360 cases, 86.7%） and open traumas （55 cases, 13.3%）.Results： A total of 407 cases （98.1%） were fully recov- ered from trauma and the other 8 cases （1.9%） died of mul- tiple injuries. The mean injury severity score （ISS） of all patients was 22 while the mean ISS of the patients who died in hospital was 42. Postoperative complications were seen in 9 patients such as infection of incisional wounds （6 cases）, pancreatic fistula （2 cases） and intestinal fistula （1 case）. All these postoperative complications were cured by the conservative treatment. Conclusion： Careful case history inquisition and physical examination are the basic methods to diagnose abdominal trauma. Focused abdominal ultrasonography is always the initial imaging examination because it is non-invasive and can be performed repeatedly with high accuracy. The doctors should consider the severity of local injuries and the general status of patients during the assessment of abdominal trauma. The principle of treatment is to save lives at first, then to cure the injuries. Unnecessary laparotomy should be avoided to reduce additional surgical trauma.     

PTEN、P13 K和Akt蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨PTEN、PI3K和Akt在膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中的表达及其与BTCC临床病理特征的关系,以及PTEN、PI3K和Akt三者之间的相关性。方法:采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测60例BTCC组织和10例正常膀胱黏膜中PTEN、PI3K和Akt的蛋白的表达。结果:BTCC组织中PTEN、PI3K、Akt蛋白的阳性表达率分别为58.33%(35/60)、71.67%(43/60)和56.67%(34/60)。BTCC中PTEN、PI3K、Akt蛋白的阳性表达率与正常膀胱黏膜组织相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在60例BTCC组织中,PTEN分别与PI3K、Akt表达之间均呈显著负相关性(P<0.05),PI3K与Akt表达呈显著正相关性(P=0.001)。结论:PTEN、PI3K、Akt蛋白的表达均与BTCC发生发展及侵袭有关,但PTEN与BTCC发生发展的关系更加密切。在BTCC的发生发展中,PI3K、PTEN的作用可能互相拮抗;PTEN蛋白的表达缺失可能与Akt过表达有关;PI3K和Akt协同促进BTCC的恶性进展。     

海肤康人工皮膜治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期压疮疗效观察

目的 探讨海肤康人工皮膜治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期压疮的效果.方法 将31例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期压疮患者(共69处疮面)随机分为观察组(15例35处)和对照组(16例34处).两组按同法清创后,对照组采用常规换药法处理疮面,观察组用海肤康人工皮膜处理疮面.结果 观察组疮面愈合时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 海肤康人工皮膜治疗压疮可缩短愈合时间.     

Treatment of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures

Objective：To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment options and causes of misdiagnosis of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures.
Methods： Among 20 patients with ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, 19 were treated operatively and 1 was treated conservatively. Sixteen cases of femoral shaft fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with compressive plate, and 2 cases were treated with interlocking intramedullary nailing. Eighteen femoral neck fractures were treated with cannulated screws. Another patient was treated with proximal femoral nail to fix both the neck and shaft. Delayed diagnosis for femoral neck frac-tures occurred in 2 cases preoperatively. Results： A total of 19 patients were followed up. The follow up period ranged from 5 to 48 months with an average of 15 months. All the fractures were healed.
Conclusion： For case of femoral shaft fracture caused by high energy injury, an AP pelvic film should be routinely taken. Once the femoral neck fracture is recognized, operative reduction and fixation should be performed in time. Femoral neck and shaft fractures should be fixed separately.     

营养鲜味剂的研制

通过酶法水解将小梅鱼制备成营养型高档调味剂 .用酶对小梅鱼进行水解 ,结果表明温度、pH、酶的种类、酶的组合、酶添加的顺序对产物的分布有影响 .在初始pH值为 8,温度为 5 0℃时 ,胰酶水解产物中小分子产物含量较高 .胰酶的水解产物用微生物风味复合酶进一步酶解 ,可脱除苦味 .对产物进行氨基酸分布检测 ,结果显示 ,产物中含 18种氨基酸 ,总氮质量分数为 12 6 .4mg/ g(以N计 ) ,α 氨基氮质量分数为 6 0 .8mg/ g .     

梗阻性黄疸手术应用单纯全麻与全麻复合硬膜外阻滞疗效比较

目的比较单纯全麻和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞在梗阻性黄疸手术中对患者血液动力学变化及术后苏醒的影响。方法选择40例梗阻性黄疸患者,随机分成单纯全麻组(全麻组)、全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(复合组),每组20例。两组全麻方法相同,复合组在全麻基础上是复合低浓度小剂量硬膜外阻滞。记录入室后、插管时、术中、拔管时的HR、MAP,两组病人麻醉维持用药量及清醒拔管时间,术后躁动情况。结果复合组在插管拔管过程中HR、MAP均较全麻组低且平稳(P<0.05),全麻组拔管反应剧烈,在插管、拔管时各项指标与诱导前比较均显著升高(P<0.05)。全麻组全麻用药芬太尼、异氟醚、维库溴铵等用药量均显著多于复合组(P<0.05)。复合组较全麻组清醒快,拔管时间明显早于全麻组(P<0.05)。复合组发生躁动1例,显著低于全麻组的11例,P<0.05)。结论全麻复合硬膜外阻滞更加适合于梗阻性黄疸病人的麻醉。     

肝再生增强因子在隐睾生精细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨肝再生增强因子(ALR)在隐睾生精细胞中的表达及其意义。方法:建立SD大鼠隐睾模型(n=20),设立正常(n=10)和手术对照(n=10)。分别采用免疫组化法、免疫荧光法检测术后10、40d(即PND30和PND60)大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞ALR和细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位Ⅱ(COXⅡ)表达情况;Perls染色法检测睾丸中三价铁含量。结果:正常和手术对照组精原细胞ALR呈强表达,隐睾组精原细胞ALR表达显著减弱;同年龄段各组间两两比较,COXⅡ表达水平差异无显著性;术后10d(PND30)隐睾组三价铁含量较同年龄段正常对照组和手术对照组显著减少(P<0.05)。结论:ALR在生精细胞发育的早期起着重要作用,隐睾ALR缺陷所引起的代谢障碍可能是其精子发生障碍的重要机制之一。     

应用VTK技术建立唇腭裂可视化模型

目的:寻求一种高效率、高精度建立唇腭裂患者颌面部可视化模型的方法.方法:利用薄层CT获取原始数据,运用k-均值聚类算法进行图像分割,结合VTK(Visualization Toolkit)技术进行可视化模型的建立.结果:建立了更为精确的唇腭裂患者颌面部的可视化模型,总结出了一种更为方便高效的通用可视化建模方法.结论:应用VTK方法建立可视化模型,软件开发周期更短,精度更高,应用更广泛.     

人胰腺导管腺癌组织及癌旁组织双向电泳图谱的差异分析

目的:探讨人胰腺导管腺癌组织和癌旁组织之间差异的表达蛋白。方法:利用双向凝胶电泳（2-DE）对8例胰腺导管腺癌组织和癌旁组织的总蛋白进行分离,并用质谱仪对两组间差异蛋白质点进行肽指纹谱和串联质谱鉴定。利用蛋白质印迹分析和免疫组化法检测差异蛋白在胰腺癌和癌旁组织的表达。结果:2-DE显示,肿瘤组织中有28个蛋白质点表达上调,17个表达下调。上述蛋白质点经质谱鉴定得到30个蛋白质,包括酶类、抗氧化蛋白、信号转导蛋白、钙结合蛋白、结构蛋白及分子伴侣等。Western blot和免疫组化结果显示差异表达蛋白annexin II在胰腺癌组织中表达上调,与2-DE结果一致。结论:以2-DE为基础的蛋白质组学技术是研究肿瘤的一种重要手段。本实验所得的annexin II等差异表达蛋白可能成为潜在的诊断胰腺癌的分子标志或控制肿瘤生长的治疗靶点。     

7 小儿胆石症的诊断与治疗

目的探讨小儿胆石症的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法分析22例小儿胆石症的临床资料,20例行手术治疗,2例行非手术治疗。14例行胆囊切除术(其中8例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术),3例行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,2例行胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流术,1例行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果18例经手术治疗后症状消失,术后1例出现胆瘘,经引流后痊愈,1例右肝管内结石残留。18例(81.8%)得到随访,4例失访。随访5个月至7年,患儿生长发育正常,3例偶有腹痛、腹胀,1例行二次胆总管切开取石术,术后恢复顺利。行非手术治疗的2例病人经保守治疗后近期症状缓解,其中1例症状反复发作。结论对有腹痛者首选B超检查,对有胆总管扩张或黄疸的患儿结合CT检查可提高正确诊断率;症状明显的胆石症应早期手术治疗;腹腔镜可作为胆囊切除的首选治疗方法。