一种切除部分齿状线和肛管全层的超低位保肛手术

目的介绍一种切除部分齿状线和肛管全层的直肠恶性肿瘤的超低位保肛手术。方法对8例瘤灶下缘距离齿状线小于或等于2cm的直肠超低位恶性肿瘤进行术前评估,对6例患者首先进行术前放疗化疗使肿瘤明显缩小。手术在完成全直肠系膜和(或)盆腔淋巴清扫的基础上,向下切断骶骨直肠韧带,达到肛管直肠肌环上缘,相当于齿状线(直肠肛管交界处)水平。如果癌下缘远侧正常肠管长度仍小于2cm,可沿外括约肌环和肠壁之间再向下分离1～2cm。肛门手术组充分显露肿瘤部位,在直肠癌向下侵犯最低侧所在的1/2象限,于癌灶下缘2cm处垂直于肛管长轴切开肛管全层,然后沿外括约肌环向上游离,切除癌侧部分齿状线,与腹部手术组会师,在没有癌灶或癌侵犯较高的一侧,则沿齿状线上缘切断直肠。游离横结肠脾区并在降结肠远切端作长5cm的“J”形结肠储袋,将结肠储袋向下脱出至肛管断端,与癌灶侧肛管、癌灶对侧的齿状线用3-0可吸收线间断手工缝合。结果在遵守根治原则的基础上,采用本方法成功地为8例直肠超低位恶性肿瘤患者进行了保肛手术,部分切除齿状线的患者术后肛门功能与Dixon手术患者近似。结论在直肠全系膜切除和盆腔淋巴清扫的基础上,尤其在术前放疗化疗的基础上,切除部分齿状线和肛管全层的保留肛门的手术方法可达到根治要求并保留功能     

改良髋臼周围截骨阶梯状植骨术治疗大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位

目的：探讨大龄儿童先天髋脱位的手术方法。方法：采用改良髋臼周围截骨，阶梯状植骨术治疗大龄儿童先天性脱位48例62髓关节，并进行随访观察。结果：得到随访45例47髋，关节位置同心复位良好，无1例发生脱位及半脱位，关节功能恢复良好。结论：改良髋臼周围截骨阶梯状植骨术是治疗大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位较理想的方法。     

肾移植并发股神经病4例报告

目的：提高肾移植并发股神经病的诊治水平。方法：回顾分析4例肾移植并发股神经病患者的临床资料。结果：4例股神经病患者均经保守治疗，半年内恢复，其中1例遗留股四头股萎缩。结论：股神经缺血、拉钩损伤及血肿压迫可能是肾移植并发股神经病的原因，早期理疗有助于防止肌肉萎缩。     

人工血管转流术治疗腹主动脉下段闭塞合并性功能障碍

目的：探讨腹主动脉下段闭塞合并性功能障碍（Leriche综合征）的治疗方案。方法：总结自1983年以来收治的Leriche综合征遥临床资料，共37例，均在全身麻醉下行人工血管主髂和主股动脉转流手术。结果：手术结束后均能触及股动脉和腘动脉博动，手术后7d患肢缺血症状均得到改善。手术后3个月复查，患肢缺血症状消失，彩色超声血管吻合口及人工血管内均未见血栓。29例获得1年以上的随访，通畅率为100％；8例获得5年以上随访，吻合口通畅率为87．50％。结论：人工血管主髂动脉转流和主股动脉转流是治疗Leriche综合征较好的手术方案，手术后合理应用抗凝、祛聚药物，同时及时处理并发症的发生是提高远疗效的关键。     

脓毒性休克患者氧代谢参数监测的临床意义

目的评价脓毒性休克患者氧代谢参数监测的临床意义。方法脓毒性休克患者经复苏治疗后由Swan Ganz导管取血测氧供 (DO2 )、氧耗 (VO2 )及动脉血乳酸值 ,为初次测量 ,拔Swan Ganz导管前的最后 1次测量为末次测量。结果连续收治的 45例外科脓毒性休克患者中 ,2 2例存活 ,2 3例死亡。用初次DO2 ≥ 6 0 0ml·m- 2 ·min- 1 评价患者预后 ,其敏感性为 86 % ,特异性 6 2 % ;存活组与死亡组初次及末次VO2 差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;存活组动脉血乳酸值逐步降低到正常 ,死亡组则持续升高。结论脓毒性休克患者存在“缺陷性氧耗”现象 ;血乳酸水平可以反映患者的预后 ;初次DO2 高者 ,预后较好     

原发性小肠肿瘤112例临床分析

目的：探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的临床特点以及诊断方法。方法 回顾性分析了112例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料，病理特点及术前诊断方法。结果：小肠肿瘤多位于十二指肠，占62．5％（70／112），良性肿瘤以平滑肌瘤为主，多位于回肠，空肠，恶性肿瘤以腺癌最常见，其次为恶性淋巴瘤，平滑肌肉瘤。首选的检查方法为X线钡餐，尤其是低张小肠灌肠造影，内镜检查可提高十二指肠肿瘤的诊断率，对诊断困难的消化道出血可行选择性肠系膜上动脉造影，CT对判断肿瘤的良恶性，术前分期及术后有无复发有独特的意义。结论：十二指肠腺癌是最常见的原发性小肠肿瘤，其次为恶性淋巴瘤，平滑肌瘤及平滑肌肉瘤。低张小肠灌肠造影是诊断和定位最为有效的方法，CT，内镜及肠系膜上动脉造影有助于诊断。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子拮抗转化生长因子—β1对人α1（I）胶原基因的启动激活

目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)对人α1 ( )胶原基因启动子活性的影响 ,以及与转化生长因子 - β1 (TGF- β1 )之间的相互作用 ,为防治增生性瘢痕提供依据。　方法　正常皮肤及瘢痕成纤维细胞原代、传代培养。采用 Fu GENE转染试剂 ,分别瞬间转染含人α1 ( )胶原基因 5'端序列 - 2 .5 kb与报告基因氯霉素乙酰基转移酶(CAT)的重组体 ph COL2 .5至正常皮肤及瘢痕成纤维细胞。 ELISA法测定 b FGF及 TGF- β1 作用 2 4小时后 ,转染ph COL2 .5的两种成纤维细胞的报告基因 CAT表达量。　结果　b FGF能抑制转染 ph COL2 .5重组体的正常皮肤及瘢痕成纤维细胞 CAT表达量 ,且能拮抗 TGF-β1 对转染 ph COL2 .5重组体的两种成纤维细胞 CAT表达的上调作用。与对照组相比有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 5)。　结论　正常皮肤及瘢痕成纤维细胞中 ,b FGF均能抑制人 α1 ( )胶原基因的启动转录 ,且能拮抗 TGF-β1 对人α1 ( )胶原基因启动活性的上调作用 ,b FGF抗纤维机制有望为增生性瘢痕的防治提供新思路     

单切口免钛夹腹腔镜胆囊切除术

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips. Methods Data of 1016 patients(group A) undergoing single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips were compared to that of 874 patients(group B)undergoing two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using titanium-clips by t test and chi square test for operating time,operative hemorrhage,the length of postoperative hospital stay and postoperative pain.Results In group A,1001 cases were successfully operated on with single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy,with conversion to classic four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 15 cases,while 874 cases in group B were operated on with two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.There were no bile leakage,biliary tract injury or death in both groups.There were no difference in operating time[(34.5 ±5.2) min vs (32.0±7.4)min,t=0.063,P=0.526],the length of postoperative hospital stay[(3.1±0.8)d vs(3.2±0.7)d,t=1.073,P=0.326]and operative hemorrhage[(56.5±17.8)ml vs (55.2±15.9)ml,t=0.812,P=0.425](P>0.05) between the two groups,but the postoperative pain was less severe in Group A than that in group B (P=0.000<0.05). Conclusions The single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible,safe,less traumatic and more cosmetic.     

裸鼠原位种植大肠癌肝转移三种建模方法的比较

Objective To establish and compare three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver. Methods Human SW1116 cell line was inoculated into 5 BALB/ C nude mice. Eighty-four nude mice were divided equally into pouch, fibrin glue, 1×106 cell and 1 × 105 cell microinjection groups. After animals were killed, the metastasis of cancer in situ, the liver, the lung, the spleen, the pancreas, and the mesentery was observed under the microscopy after HE staining. Results The metastasis rate in groups of pouch, fibrin glue, 1×1106 cell and 1×105 cell microinjection was 100% , 100% , 50. 0% and 14. 3% respectively. The liver metastasis tumor in fibrin glue group was bigger than other groups. HE staining indicated that the liver metastasis tumor was derived from colon tumor. Conclusion Among the three orthotopic implantation nude mice models of colorectal cancer metastasis to liver, the fibrin glue method has a high success rate of operation, a high metastasis rate of the liver, and is simple to manipulate.     

酸性微环境下大蒜素增强大鼠自然杀伤细胞的功能活性

Objective To investigate the role of allicin on rat nature killer (NK) cell activity in vitro under acidic microenvironment, and its possible mechanism. Methods CD3- NKR-P1+ NK cells isolated from the rat spleen were cultured in the complete RPMI 1640 medium ( pH 5. 6, pH 6. 5, or pH 7. 2 respectively), and treated with allicin at final concentration of 30 mg/L. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine supernatant interferon (IFN)-γ levels. The percentage of NK cells proliferation and apopotosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. NK cell cytotoxicity toward YAC-1 tumor cells was detected by LDH release assay. Results Proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK cells were significantly suppressed by acidic microenvironment in vitro. Under the cultured condition of acidic pH below 7. 2, allicin seemed to promote NK cells proliferation, which reached to highest level of 33% at pH 5. 6 cultured for 16 h. Correspondingly, at pH of 5. 6, allicin induced a marked increase of IFN-γ concentration in the supernatant from (50. 07 ± 0. 38) (cultured for 4 h) to (64. 59 ± 0. 09) ng/L ( cultured for 16 h). The cytotoxicity of NK cells toward YAC-1 tumor cells was also found strongest under the condition of pH 5. 6 cultured for 16 h. Conclusion Allicin favored to enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells under the acidic cultured condition, which might be related to the increase of IFN-γ production.