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111.
M Vogel G Ahlenstiel B Hintsche S Fenske A Trein T Lutz D Schürmann C Stephan P Khaykin M Bickel C Mayr A Baumgarten P Buggisch H Klinker C John J Gölz S Staszewski JK Rockstroh 《European journal of medical research》2010,15(3):102-111
Objective
This study was performed to investigate the impact of HAART versus no HAART and nucleoside free versus nucleoside containing HAART on the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. In addition a control group of HCV mono-infected patients undergoing anti-HCV therapy was evaluated.Methods
Multicenter, partially randomized, controlled clinical trial. HIV-negative and -positive patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin (800 - 1200 mg/day) for 24 - 48 weeks in one of four treatment arms: HIV-negative (A), HIV-positive without HAART (B) and HIV-positive on HAART (C). Patients within arm C were randomized to receive open label either a nucleoside containing (C1) or a nucleoside free HAART (C2).Results
168 patients were available for analysis. By intent-to-treat analysis similar sustained virological response rates (SVR, negative HCV-RNA 24 weeks after the end of therapy) were observed comparing HIV-negative and -positive patients (54% vs. 54%, p = 1.000). Among HIV-positive patients SVR rates were similar between patients off and on HAART (57% vs. 52%, p = 0.708). Higher SVR rates were observed in patients on a nucleoside free HAART compared to patients on a nucleoside containing HAART, though confounding could not be ruled out and in the intent-to-treat analysis the difference was not statistically significant (64% vs. 46%, p = 0.209).Conclusions
Similar response rates for HCV therapy can be achieved in HIV-positive and -negative patients. Patients on nucleoside free HAART reached at least equal rates of sustained virological response compared to patients on standard HAART. 相似文献112.
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115.
EG Gkougkousis M Khan TR Terry JK Mellon 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》2009,91(6):532-534
Three cases of recurrent post-coital haematuria are described. Extensive protracted investigations pinpointed urethral varicosities as the likely cause. All patients were successfully treated with diathermy fulguration. 相似文献
116.
H.P. Mohan Kumari K. Akhilender Naidu S. Vishwanatha K. Narasimhamurthy G. Vijayalakshmi 《Food and chemical toxicology》2009
Monascus purpureus MTCC 410-fermented rice (red mould rice) is one of the food supplements to lower blood–lipid levels and monacolins have been proven to be the main active constituents in red mould rice (RMR). In this study, we have assessed the safety of RMR by conducting toxicological studies in albino rats. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies were conducted on both sexes of albino rats. Feeding acute doses of RMR at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg body weight to rats did not cause any symptoms of toxicity or mortality. Similarly, dietary feeding of RMR at 2.0%, 4.0%, 8.0% and 12.0% level (w/w) for 14 weeks did not produce any significant changes in food intake or gain in body weight of the experimental rats compared to control rats. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of vital organs, hematological parameters, macroscopic and microscopic changes in vital organs and serum clinical enzyme levels between the experimental and control groups. Moreover, the rats fed with RMR showed a significant reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both serum and liver. The results showed that toxicity studies with RMR of M. purpureus did not cause any toxic effects in albino rats. 相似文献
117.
Background
Mortal remains of the soldiers killed in counter-terrorist operations in Kashmir valley are sent to their home after undergoing mandatory embalming.Methods
Injuries on the mortal remains of the soldiers killed in counter terrorist operations between Jan 1999 to Dec 2006 were analysed with respect to the agent, mode of injury, age, rank structure, body parts involved, seasonal variations and changing trends. Fatalities consequent to enemy action across line of control and fatalities of Kargil war were also analysed for comparison. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test for difference in proportions.Result
Over the study period, terrorist induced injuries accounted for 8.16 deaths per thousand troops deployed whereas enemy action from across the line of control accounted for 0.63 deaths per thousand. Terrorist induced fatalities peaked in 2001 and thereafter revealed a declining trend (‘p’ < 0.001). Fatalities due to enemy action across line of control declined to zero since 25 Nov 2003 consequent to effective ceasefire. Of the total fatalities, 89.5% were killed in action (KIA) while 10.5% died of their wounds after reaching the hospital. Fatality to total injured ratio peaked to 29% in 2001 and than stabilized to about 23%. Mean KIA to total casualty ratio was 21%. The rank structure of the fatalities was officers 8.6%, JCOs 7.3%, and Other Ranks 84.1%. Most of the soldiers died young, 51% being below 25 years of age. Out of the terrorist induced fatalities, 78.2% died of gunshot wounds and 21.5% by splinters and improvised explosive devices (IED). The ratio was reversed in enemy induced fatalities and in Kargil war. Fatalities peaked during June to November and declined in winters. Body region wise, 23.4% of all deaths were due to head injury, 8.4% due to neck and maxillofacial injury, 18.4% due to injury to lungs and 11% due to heart injury. Most frequent target of the fatal bullet was brain (25.4%), closely followed by lungs (22.5%) and heart (12.3%). When soldier died of splinters / IED, multiple body parts were injured in 57.5%, brain in 17.3%, face & neck in 3.5%, heart in 6.6%, lungs in 5.3%, abdomen in 3.5% and limbs in 5.8%. Fatality due to head and heart injury peaked in 2001, while multiple injuries peaked in 2000, declined in 2001 and peaked again in 2004 and 2005 (‘p’ < 0.001). In fatalities of Kargil war, chest injuries were less but multiple injuries were more.Conclusion
Most of the fatalities were due to gunshot wounds selectively aimed at head, face, neck and thorax. Therefore, a lightweight flexible and effective bulletproof protection for this area will conserve manpower.Key Words: Fatal injuries, Counter terrorist operations, Combat medical statistics 相似文献118.
IA Brazil ER de Bruijn BH Bulten AK von Borries JJ van Lankveld JK Buitelaar RJ Verkes 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2009,65(2):137-143
BACKGROUND: One of the most recognizable features of psychopathy is the reduced ability to successfully learn and adapt overt behavior. This might be due to deficient processing of error information indicating the need to adapt controlled behavior. METHODS: Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral components of error-monitoring processes were investigated in 16 individuals with psychopathy and in 18 healthy subjects. A letter version of the Eriksen flanker task was used in two conditions. The first condition (normal condition) required participants to press one of two buttons depending on the identity of the target stimulus. The second condition (signaling condition) required them to signal each time they had committed an error by making a second press on a signaling button. Early stages of error monitoring were investigated by using the error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and post-error slowing as indexes. Later stages were explored by examining the error positivity (Pe) and signaling rates. RESULTS: Both groups showed similar ERN amplitudes and amounts of post-error slowing. The psychopathic group exhibited both reduced Pe amplitudes and diminished error-signaling rates compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with psychopathy show intact early error processing and automatic behavioral adaptation but have deficits in later stages of error processing and controlled behavioral adaptation. This is an indication that individuals with psychopathy are unable to effectively use error information to change their behavior adequately. 相似文献
119.
120.
LJ Logie RJ Gibbons DR Higgs JK Brown ME Porteous 《Archives of disease in childhood》1994,70(5):439-440
A novel form of severe, X linked mental retardation associated with alpha thalassaemia (ATR-X syndrome) has recently been described. Two affected cousins are described, one of whom has an unusually mild haematological phenotype. HbH inclusions, which are the hallmark of this disease, were only detected in the peripheral red blood cells after repeated observations. 相似文献