定心藤中总黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

目的 探讨定心藤总黄酮的提取及鉴别方法 ,为定心藤进一步研究和资源开发利用提供一定的科学依据.方法 采用超声波乙醇浸提法从定心藤中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用分光光度法测定含量.结果 测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=0.5667mg·mL-1,回收率为99.8%,其纯度和产率均较高.结论 该方法 采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取定心藤黄酮类物质的有效途径.     

维持性血液透析患者血清胱抑素C浓度与左心室肥厚的相关分析

比较64例维持性血液透析(MHD)患者和20例健康对照者一般临床资料和临床常用血生化指标;采用乳胶颗粒增强免疫透射比浊法检测血清胱抑素C浓度,超声心动图测定心脏腔径及心功能参数.结果 示MHD患者随透析时间延长,血清胱抑素C浓度逐渐增加,且左心室肥厚发生率显著增高.左心室肥厚者收缩压、左心室重量指数和血胱抑素C浓度明显高于无左心室肥厚者.胱抑素C与左心室重量指数、收缩压相关(r=0.633,0.397,均P<0.01).提示MHD患者血清胱抑素C变化可能与左心室肥厚密切相关,并可能是透析患者远期心血管并发症的影响因素.     

雌激素受体β基因多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系

目的:探讨西南地区雌激素受体β(ER-β)基因多态性与原因不明月经过少的关系。方法:选择西南地区100名原因不明月经过少患者为实验组,100名正常月经者作为对照组。应用分子生物学的方法研究ER-β基因RsaI和AluI限制性片段长度多态性和5号内含子的高变区CA重复序列多态性在实验组与对照组中分布。结果:RsaI和AluI限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。分离出9种CA重复序列等位基因,正常组和实验组的等位基因的分布频率差异无显著性。以重复次数n≤20作为SS型,n>20为LL型,再比较两组病人SS型和LL型等位基因的分布频率,差异有显著性。结论:ER-β基因多态性与原因不明月经过少有关,R等位基因可能是其保护因素,SS型等位基因可能是原因不明月经过少的危险因素。     

原因不明月经过少雌激素受体α基因多态性及其表达的研究

目的:探讨原因不明月经过少雌激素受体α(estrogen receptor α,ERα)基因多态性及其与表达的关系。方法:选择100名原因不明月经过少患者为实验组,100名月经正常人群为对照组。应用分子生物学的方法分析ERa基因PvuⅡ,XbaⅠ限制性片段长度多态性。通过逆转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)和Western印迹法分析ERα表达。结果:P基因型频率实验组为47.5%,对照组为30.5%,OR=2.062。X基因型频率实验组为20.5%,对照组为30.5%,OR=0.588。PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布。实验组ERα的mRNA和蛋白质表达均比对照组低(P<0.05)。结论:ERα基因多态性与原因不明月经过少有关,P等位基因可能是其危险因素,X等位基因可能是其保护因素。ERα在子宫内膜中原因不明月经过少中的表达低于月经量正常子宫内膜,且可能与月经量多少有关。     

金雀异黄素及二个结构改造物与抗肿瘤、抗血小板作用的关系

目的;合成金雀异黄水溶性衍生物并研究它们在抗肿瘤,抗血小板作用中的影响。方法：通过浓硫酸酯化金雀异黄素（Ｇ）,加入饱和ＮａＣｌ溶液,获得二个水溶性衍生物;金雀异黄素－４’－硫酸酯钠（Ｇ１）的金雀异黄素－７,４‘－二硫酸酯二钠（Ｇ２）。通过     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像评价周围型肺癌的血管生成及周期蛋白D1基因表达

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像与周围型肺癌血管生成及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinDl)表达的相关性.方法 73例周围型肺癌行16层螺旋CT灌注成像,分析周围型肺癌的时间密度曲线(TDC)、灌注参数图像和各灌注参数[血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、表面通透性(PS)、强化峰值(PH)、肿块-动脉强化峰值比(PHpm/PHa)].利用免疫组织化学测定微血管密度(MVD)并标定cyclinDl,评价周围型肺癌各CT灌注参数与MVD计数及cyclinD1表达的相关性.统计学方法采用单因素方差分析及Pearson相关分析方法.结果 3组周围型肺癌(腺癌、鳞癌、其他类型癌)的TDC曲线相似,都有明显的上升支,CT值明显增加[TDC曲线的峰值分别为(44.87±6.83)、(34.91±8.05)、(40.66±5.87)HU],达峰值后变化较小,较平坦,有一个平台期;cyclinD1阳性表达44例,周围型肺癌cyclinD1阳性表达患者的MVD值明显高于阴性表达者[分别为(33.88±14.81)、(23.17±11.66)条/高倍视野,P<0.01];周围型肺癌cyclinD1阳性表达者的PH、PHpm/PHa、BF、BV、PS值[分别为(60.56±6.27)HU、(20.71±2.54)、(245.54±69.73)ml·100 mg-1·min-1、(12.17±3.50)ml/100 mg、(20.11±7.34)ml·100 mg-1·min-1]明显高于阴性表达者[(56.39±6.87)HU、(19.02±3.27)、(194.23±80.89)ml·100 mg-1·min-1、(9.67±3.00)ml/100 mg、(14.10±7.45)ml·100 mg-1·min-1],差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);3组周围型肺癌中,cyclinD1阳性表达的PH、PHpm/PHa、BF、BV、PS值与MVD均呈正相关,其中,BV、PS、BF值的r值分别为0.409、0.517、0.503,呈显著性相关(P值均<0.01);PH、PHpm/PHa的r值分别为0.319、0.324,呈低度相关(P值均<0.05).cyclinD1阴性表达者PH、PHpm/PHa、BF、BV、PS值与MVD均无相关性.结论 多层螺旋CT灌注成像与肿瘤血管生成具有较好的相关性,能够反映肿瘤的血管生成及cyclinD1表达,提供了一种定量评价周围型肺癌血流模式的非创伤性方法,有利于周围型肺癌的诊断.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses: the impact on patient-management strategy

Background  Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe and accurate technique for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. However, its impact for management of these patients is poorly investigated.
Aims  To investigate the diagnostic yield and the therapeutic impact of EUS-FNA in the management of solid pancreatic masses.
Methods  One hundred consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA for a solid pancreatic mass were included. Aspirates were placed onto glass slides for cytological examination and microbiopsies were fixed in formaldehyde for histology. The impact on clinical management was analysed retrospectively according to different endpoints, such as its impact on indications for chemotherapy, surgery or appropriate follow-up modality.
Results  Eight procedures were considered failures and two patients were lost to follow-up. A final diagnosis was obtained in 90 patients. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined cytology and histology for the diagnosis of malignant or potentially-malignant tumours were 78%, 75%, and 78% respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of cytology alone were significantly higher than those of histology alone ( P  = 0.0003). By intention-to-diagnose analysis, EUS-FNA directly influenced the management strategy in 62 of 100 patients.
Conclusions  In patients with pancreatic mass and suspected malignancy, EUS-FNA provides an accurate diagnosis in approximately 80% of cases. EUS-FNA directly influences the management in two-thirds of patients.     

Asthma: Time to confront some inconvenient truths

Despite major advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma and improvements in management, the accompanying benefits from public health initiatives and clinical practice have arguably been less than expected. For example, there are no effective public health strategies or treatment regimes that reduce the risk of developing asthma or influence its natural history. These represent priority areas for future translational research, which would need to investigate genetic and environmental interactions and vaccine strategies. In terms of asthma management it is tempting to focus on novel drug therapies; however, a case can be made that the priority is to undertake research that leads to improvements in the use of existing treatments through public health and primary care initiatives. Guidelines represent an important component of this approach, with recommendations for asthma imbedded within respiratory guidelines that can be implemented in the developing world where other acute and chronic respiratory disorders are common. This approach offers the best opportunity to close the gap between what is currently achieved in asthma management and that which is potentially achievable.