Role of autophagy in resistance to oxaliplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

In spite of an initially promising anti-tumor activity, oxaliplatin-based combinatorial treatments can eventually result in a tumor resistance response. In this study we aimed to understand the role of autophagy in HCC cell resistance to oxaliplatin and to discuss its potential therapeutic implication. We found that exposure to oxaliplatin induced a significant increase in LC3 lipidation and subsequent LC3 puncta formation. While the proliferation of HCC cells was inhibited upon oxaliplatin exposure, inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 interference and chloroquine pre-treatment further increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the oxaliplatin-induced apoptotic cell death was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that autophagy may function importantly in HepG2 cell resistance to oxaliplatin. Intriguingly, the resistance could be recovered apparently by inhibition of autophagy. This also points to the potential therapy for hepatoma by perturbing autophagy.     

Central granular cell odontogenic tumor: a systematic review

Central granular cell odontogenic tumor (CGCOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm reported with various terms and is not included in the 2005 WHO classification of odontogenic tumors. It shows a predilection for middle‐aged women, usually presenting as an asymptomatic swelling of the mandibular premolar–molar region. Radiographic manifestations include unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion, but mixed density lesions can also occur. Histopathology shows sheets and lobules of round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and eccentrically placed nuclei. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features suggest the histiocytic origin of granular cells. The neoplasm does not exhibit an aggressive biological behavior and hence enucleation or curettage ensuring complete removal remains the treatment of choice. We present a systematic review on clinical, radiological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and treatment aspect of CGCOT. Published articles were identified through a literature search using online databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus) and cross‐references for papers published from the year 1950 to March 2013. From a total of 37 papers, 26 (38 cases) were extracted from the database for systematic review.