全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4570971篇 |
免费 | 360598篇 |
国内免费 | 15483篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 65239篇 |
儿科学 | 142892篇 |
妇产科学 | 118930篇 |
基础医学 | 695038篇 |
口腔科学 | 126097篇 |
临床医学 | 419099篇 |
内科学 | 825038篇 |
皮肤病学 | 109743篇 |
神经病学 | 382046篇 |
特种医学 | 182120篇 |
外国民族医学 | 960篇 |
外科学 | 698007篇 |
综合类 | 130448篇 |
现状与发展 | 23篇 |
一般理论 | 2639篇 |
预防医学 | 386909篇 |
眼科学 | 107974篇 |
药学 | 321959篇 |
24篇 | |
中国医学 | 11944篇 |
肿瘤学 | 219923篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 56067篇 |
2019年 | 58823篇 |
2018年 | 74477篇 |
2017年 | 56841篇 |
2016年 | 63034篇 |
2015年 | 76062篇 |
2014年 | 110848篇 |
2013年 | 176237篇 |
2012年 | 125279篇 |
2011年 | 131116篇 |
2010年 | 126376篇 |
2009年 | 127625篇 |
2008年 | 117195篇 |
2007年 | 125563篇 |
2006年 | 133805篇 |
2005年 | 129019篇 |
2004年 | 129604篇 |
2003年 | 120252篇 |
2002年 | 110851篇 |
2001年 | 166371篇 |
2000年 | 162725篇 |
1999年 | 149440篇 |
1998年 | 72761篇 |
1997年 | 68510篇 |
1996年 | 66438篇 |
1995年 | 62190篇 |
1994年 | 56185篇 |
1993年 | 52199篇 |
1992年 | 111587篇 |
1991年 | 108909篇 |
1990年 | 104370篇 |
1989年 | 101817篇 |
1988年 | 94663篇 |
1987年 | 93109篇 |
1986年 | 88159篇 |
1985年 | 86271篇 |
1984年 | 71647篇 |
1983年 | 63588篇 |
1982年 | 49768篇 |
1981年 | 46310篇 |
1980年 | 43559篇 |
1979年 | 63781篇 |
1978年 | 50873篇 |
1977年 | 44363篇 |
1976年 | 41908篇 |
1975年 | 42452篇 |
1974年 | 47694篇 |
1973年 | 45563篇 |
1972年 | 42768篇 |
1971年 | 39353篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Improved graft survival for flow cytometry and antihuman globulin crossmatch-negative retransplant recipients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R H Kerman C T Van Buren R M Lewis V DeVera V Baghdahsarian K Gerolami B D Kahan 《Transplantation》1990,49(1):52-56
We compared our standard NIH (extended incubation) crossmatch (XM) with antihuman globulin (AHG) and flow cytometry XMs and correlated the results with rejection episodes and graft survivals. For 89 CsA-Pred, primary renal allograft recipients, AHG and/or FCXM results did not improve on the NIH-XM-negative (NEG) graft survival results, whether testing pretransplant or historical (Hx) sera. Similarly, there was no association of a positive (POS) AHG or FCXM with increased rejection episodes in these primary recipients. However, for retransplant (Re-Tx) recipients a neg AHG or FCXM did discriminate fewer rejections and an improved graft survival compared with the NIH-XM-neg. results. The overall one-year graft survival for the 47 Re-Tx recipients studied herein was 66% (based on a neg pre-Tx NIH-XM). Pre-Tx AHG-NEG, Re-Tx recipients displayed an improved graft survival compared with NIH-XM NEG recipients (77% vs. 66%, P less than 0.05) and with AHG-POS recipients (77% vs. 47%, P less than 0.05). Similarly, pre-Tx, FCXM-NEG, Re-Tx recipients displayed improved graft survivals compared with NIH-XM-NEG recipients (83% vs. 66%, P less than 0.05) and FCXM-POS recipients (83% vs. 48%, P less than 0.05). Re-Tx recipients displaying a POS AHG and/or FCXM experienced a significantly greater number of rejections than NEG-XM recipients (P less than 0.05, respectively). The AHG and FCXM results correlated with rejections and graft survivals whether testing pre-Tx or Hx high-PRA sera. Re-Tx recipients who were AHG-XM-NEG but FCXM-POS, experienced more rejection episodes than recipients who displayed a negative XM reactivity for both AHG and FCXM (P less than 0.02), but with no resulting differences in graft survival. HLA matching, pre-Tx blood transfusions and PRA did not impact on these crossmatch and graft survival results. Use of AHG and/or FCXMs for Re-Tx, but not primary, recipients should help to improve graft survival for these high-risk recipients. 相似文献
992.
993.
N V Kornilov B M Rachkov V I Kulik V M Kustov 《Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova》1990,145(8):62-66
A retrospective analysis of results of treatment of 104 patients with fractures of long tubular bones associated with injuries of peripheral nerves has shown complex therapy to be necessary. Main components of this treatment were biogenic stimulators, vitamin B12, spasmolytic and dehydration drugs in combination with electrophoresis with potassium iodide and thermal procedures. Rapid disturbance of conductivity of nerve trunks after trauma should be followed by revision of the given segment of the extremity in order to remove hematoma and make reposition of displaced fragments of the bone, which can provide recovery of the disturbed function of the nerve. 相似文献
994.
Excision of the rectum should take in account that the main lymphatic spread follows the cranial route and that dissection of the rectal wall should be performed across its adjacent anatomical lamellae. It is not clear whether an extensive pelvic dissection and high ligature of the inferior mesenteric artery are beneficial. Spontaneous or iatrogenic perforation of the tumour considerable increases the incidence of local recurrence. The frequency of postoperative urinary and sexual dysfunction ranges from 3.5-57% and 14-38% respectively. The reported surgical mortality averages 5-6%. 相似文献
995.
Monolayer cultures of normal human bone cells contain multiple subpopulations of alkaline phosphatase positive cells 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Toshikatsu Matsuyama K. -H. William Lau Jon E. Wergedal 《Calcified tissue international》1990,47(5):276-283
Summary Cytochemical staining of normal human bone cells in monolayer cultures for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicated that the cultures
contained mixed-cell populations. Time course evaluations of the cytochemical staining revealed, in addition to the ALP-negative
cell population, at least two subpopulations of ALP-positive human bone cells with different levels of ALP. A cytochemical
method has been developed which separates the ALP-positive cells into high and intermediate ALP subpopulations. In this method,
human bone cells were stained for ALP using an azo-dye method and incubating at 4°C for 10 and 30 minutes, respectively. We
defined the cell population that stained positively for ALP at 10 minutes as strong ALP-positive cells, and both strong and
intermediate cells were stained at 30 minutes. The intermediate cells were determined from the difference between the values
at the two time points. The intra- and interassay variations of the assay, with the same investigator in blinded investigations,
were both less than 10% and the interobserver variation was approximately 25%. Analysis of the distribution of ALP levels
in cells with a laser densitometer confirmed the presence of at least three cell subpopulations. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment increased the proportions of both ALP-positive cell populations, whereas TGF-beta treatment increased only the
intermediate ALP-positive cell population. On the contrary, fluoride increased the proportion of the strong ALP cells, and
IGF-1 had no effect on the proportions of either ALP-positive subpopulation. When the ALP-specific activity was compared with
the percentage of each ALP-positive subpopulations for the cells treated with effectors, the ALP-specific activity correlated
with the total ALP-positive and with the strong ALP-positive populations but not with the intermediate ALP-positive subpopulation.
In summary, this study represents the first evidence that normal human bone cells in monolayer cultures contained at least
two subpopulations of ALP-positive cells, and that bone cell effectors could have differential effects on each cell population. 相似文献
996.
On the basis of experience with the treatment of more than 1,500 patients with post-burn defects, deformities, and trophic ulcers, the authors distinguished types of affection in which the traditional methods are ineffective. These 133 patients were subjected to plasty with ++cutaneo-fascial grafts; the zones of donor areas from which the grafts are taken are determined. Plasty with ++cutaneo-fascial grafts is indicated in defects of the face, deformity of the neck, total adduction contracture of the arm, defect of the breast, and affections of the hand, leg, and foot. Concrete grafts and the site from which they are taken for restoration of certain regions of the body are suggested. ++Cutaneo-fascial grafts make it possible to restore the shape, function, and the skin of the involved region. 相似文献
997.
Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism with emphasis on chief cell hyperplasia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In 570 patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism, the age, sex, symptoms, and preoperative serum calcium values were related to the histopathologic diagnoses, operative findings, and the extent and outcome of parathyroid surgery. Renal stone formation was especially prevalent in younger patients with slight hypercalcemia and parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia, whereas neuromuscular and psychiatric disturbances were overrepresented among older women with higher serum calcium values. Serum calcium concentration was inversely correlated to the proportional incidence of chief cell hyperplasia and positively correlated to the glandular weight of both adenomas and hyperplasias. Glandular size was markedly irregular in chief cell hyperplasia, with increased gland weights of no more than two glands in 78% of patients. During follow-up, for as long as 27 years, normocalcemia was obtained in 91% of patients with adenomas, with failures mainly depending on difficulties in identifying the parathyroid glands. The rate of normocalcemia was lower (80%) among patients with hyperplasia, but an inability to visualize the glands was not a major cause of failure. In patients with hyperplasia with asymmetric and more markedly enlarged glands, it appeared sufficient to remove only the enlarged glands, whereas the findings advocated a subtotal 3- to 3.5-gland resection in patients with more symmetrically or less enlarged hyperplastic glands. 相似文献
998.
999.
N N Sliusar' A V Kargapolov V Ia Vasiutkov 《Klinichna khirurhiia / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukra?ny, Naukove tovarystvo khirurhiv Ukra?ny》1990,(5):21-22
In patients with gastric cancer, the content of phosphatidylinositols in the blood was significantly decreased, in average 2-fold, as compared with their level in donors. After surgical treatment in 36 patients, these indices increased and achieved a maximum value in a year. In these patients, the general state improved, there were no disease recurrences. In 44 patients after the operation, the content of phosphatidylinositols remained low, or increased insignificantly as compared with their level before the operation. In this group, 16 patients died, 10 developed a disease recurrency. 相似文献
1000.
J Somerville 《British journal of hospital medicine》1990,43(2):132-136
'Grown-up' congenital cardiac patients are an increasing medical community, not at present being properly cared for in any country. Information on over 2000 patients aged 15-65 years with congenital heart disease who have been treated in the National Heart Hospital provides the data for this report. 相似文献