Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some alkanamide derivatives

A group of N-phenylacetamide, N-phenylpropanamide and N-benzylamide derivatives bearing 5-membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole and imidazole rings at omega position were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the maximal electroshock test. The results indicated that the 1,2,4-triazole ring leads to superior activity than the pyrazole ring and inserting a CH2 group into the anilide structure leading to N-benzyl derivatives did not change the anticonvulsant activity, but caused a noticeable decrease in duration of action. The most active compound was 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide.     

Subclinical neurological involvement in Behçet's disease

CONTEXT: Beh?et's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers and uveitis. Beh?et's disease can affect the central nervous system. AIMS: We aimed to investigate subclinical neurological involvement in patients who were suffering from BD and who had no neurological symptoms. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 49 patients were included in the study. For the investigation of subclinical neurological involvement, the patients received imaging and/or neurophysiologic evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation techniques were as follows: single photon emission computed tomography, 33 patients; cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 25 patients; brainstem auditory evoked potential examination, 36 patients; and electroencephalography (EEG), 30 patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum W test were used. RESULTS: Patients in the MRI and EEG groups showed significantly more abnormalities than did age- and gender-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of neurological involvement in BD is important in reducing or preventing complications. Cranial MRI and EEG were found to be useful for detecting subclinical neurological abnormalities in patients with Beh?et's disease.     

Limited Effects of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on Protein Glycation and Glutathione in Lenses of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), which has hypoglycaemic activity, has been used as a folk remedy for diabetes. This study investigated the effect of parsley administration on diabetes-induced impairments in rat lenses. Administration of parsley extract did not prevent a decrease in glutathione nor an increase in protein glycation, although it did significantly prevent an increase in blood glucose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between any of the groups.     

Bilateral Traumatic Globe Luxation with Optic Nerve Transection

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to document clinical findings and management of a patient with bilateral globe luxation and optic nerve transection.

Materials and Methods

A 25-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with bilateral traumatic globe luxation following a motor vehicle accident.

Results

Visual acuity testing showed no light perception. The right pupil was dilated and bilaterally did not react to light. The globes were bilaterally intact. A computed tomography scan revealed Le Fort type II fractures, bilateral optic nerve transection and disruption of all extraocular muscles. The globes of the patient were bilaterally reduced into the orbit. However, the patient developed phthisis bulbi in the right eye at month 3.

Conclusion

Globe luxation presents a dramatic clinical picture, and may lead to the development of severe complications due to the concomitance of complete optic nerve dissection and multiple traumas. Even if the luxated globe is repositioned into the orbit, there is still an increased risk of the development of phthisis due to ischemia.Key words: Optic nerve transection, Optic nerve avulsion, Traumatic globe luxation, Orbital trauma     

Protective Effects of Black Cumin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nigella sativa</Emphasis>) Oil on TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats

Background  

The pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on rats with colitis.     

Volatile compounds and bioactivity of Eremurus spectabilis (Ciris), a Turkish wild edible vegetable

Eremurus spectabilis grows in the spring as a wild vegetable and for many years has been used both as a food or food additive and for therapeutic purposes. This study investigated the total phenolic content and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiradical activities of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of E. spectabilis (obtained from the Antalya region of Turkey). In addition, volatile compounds of E. spectabilis were characterized by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Major components of E. spectabilis volatile compounds were carvone (44.64%), carvacrol (14.45%), pentane, 2-methyl- (7.34%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.57%), valencene (5.11%), cis-calamenene (2.01%), cadalene (1.10%), and acetic acid (1.12%). The highest total phenolic content was seen with methanol extract (mean±standard deviation, 31.92 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry extract). The ethanol extract showed the highest antiradical activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 35.14 μg/L in the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl assay. The strongest antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract (81.72 ± 0.62 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g). Twelve bacteria species were used to analyze the antimicrobial activity of extracts. The 1% concentrations of all extracts showed no inhibitive effect on any bacterium. The most resistant bacterium was Yersinia enterocolitica, and the most sensitive bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A positive correlation was seen between concentrations and inhibition zones, and some differences occurred between antimicrobial activity of other concentrations.     

Antibody Profiles According to Mild or Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Atlanta, Georgia,USA, 2020

Among patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), IgM levels increased early after symptom onset for those with mild and severe disease, but IgG levels increased early only in those with severe disease. A similar pattern was observed in a separate serosurveillance cohort. Mild COVID-19 should be investigated separately from severe COVID-19.     

Structural Modeling the Relationship of Food Addiction and Eating Attitudes of Young Adults with Emotional Appetite and Self-Esteem

The aim of the study was to examine the relationships among food addiction, eating attitudes, emotional appetite, and self-esteem of young adults aged 18–30 years by using a structural model. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,058 volunteers (male = 307, female = 751). The hypothesis that self-esteem of young adults influences their eating attitudes was supported in the study (β = –0.081, p < .05). Another hypothesis was also supported, so self-esteem had a positive effect on food addiction (β = 0.280, p < .05). Furthermore, eating attitude has mediating effects on the relationships between self-esteem and food addiction and between emotional appetite and food addiction. Individuals’ eating attitude, food addiction, emotional appetite, and self-esteem scores were found to be related to each other. This article provides valuable data for studies of disordered eating attitudes, emotional state, and food addiction that are thought to be important for young adults in the future.     

Migrationssensible Versorgungsstrategien in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund nehmen die medizinische Rehabilitation seltener in Anspruch als die Mehrheitsbevölkerung....