Early satiety in cancer patients: a common and important but underrecognized symptom

Introduction The severity of anorexia correlates with the presence of early satiety. The sense of fullness limits nutritional intake. The symptom is poorly understood because most assessment questionnaires do not include early satiety.Methods Patients rarely volunteer early satiety. Central and peripheral mechanisms may be involved in the genesis of early satiety. These would include central sensory specific satiety, food aversions, diurnal changes in intake, gastric motility and accommodation and as gastrointestinal hormones.Conclusions Prokinetic medications, such as metoclopramide are used to treat early satiety. However, other medications which influence gastric accommodation such as clonidine, sumatriptan, or sildenafil, or diminish enteric afferent output such as kappa opioid receptor agonists, may favorably influence early satiety and should be subject to future research. Translational research is needed to understand the relationship of early satiety to gastric motility and accommodation.A World Health Organization demonstration project in palliative medicine.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some alkanamide derivatives

A group of N-phenylacetamide, N-phenylpropanamide and N-benzylamide derivatives bearing 5-membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole and imidazole rings at omega position were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the maximal electroshock test. The results indicated that the 1,2,4-triazole ring leads to superior activity than the pyrazole ring and inserting a CH2 group into the anilide structure leading to N-benzyl derivatives did not change the anticonvulsant activity, but caused a noticeable decrease in duration of action. The most active compound was 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide.     

Subclinical neurological involvement in Behçet's disease

CONTEXT: Beh?et's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers and uveitis. Beh?et's disease can affect the central nervous system. AIMS: We aimed to investigate subclinical neurological involvement in patients who were suffering from BD and who had no neurological symptoms. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A total of 49 patients were included in the study. For the investigation of subclinical neurological involvement, the patients received imaging and/or neurophysiologic evaluations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation techniques were as follows: single photon emission computed tomography, 33 patients; cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 25 patients; brainstem auditory evoked potential examination, 36 patients; and electroencephalography (EEG), 30 patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum W test were used. RESULTS: Patients in the MRI and EEG groups showed significantly more abnormalities than did age- and gender-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of neurological involvement in BD is important in reducing or preventing complications. Cranial MRI and EEG were found to be useful for detecting subclinical neurological abnormalities in patients with Beh?et's disease.     

Limited Effects of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on Protein Glycation and Glutathione in Lenses of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum), which has hypoglycaemic activity, has been used as a folk remedy for diabetes. This study investigated the effect of parsley administration on diabetes-induced impairments in rat lenses. Administration of parsley extract did not prevent a decrease in glutathione nor an increase in protein glycation, although it did significantly prevent an increase in blood glucose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between any of the groups.     

Bilateral Traumatic Globe Luxation with Optic Nerve Transection

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to document clinical findings and management of a patient with bilateral globe luxation and optic nerve transection.

Materials and Methods

A 25-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with bilateral traumatic globe luxation following a motor vehicle accident.

Results

Visual acuity testing showed no light perception. The right pupil was dilated and bilaterally did not react to light. The globes were bilaterally intact. A computed tomography scan revealed Le Fort type II fractures, bilateral optic nerve transection and disruption of all extraocular muscles. The globes of the patient were bilaterally reduced into the orbit. However, the patient developed phthisis bulbi in the right eye at month 3.

Conclusion

Globe luxation presents a dramatic clinical picture, and may lead to the development of severe complications due to the concomitance of complete optic nerve dissection and multiple traumas. Even if the luxated globe is repositioned into the orbit, there is still an increased risk of the development of phthisis due to ischemia.Key words: Optic nerve transection, Optic nerve avulsion, Traumatic globe luxation, Orbital trauma     

Protective Effects of Black Cumin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nigella sativa</Emphasis>) Oil on TNBS-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats

Background  

The pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on rats with colitis.