Nasotracheal enterococcal carriage and resistomes: detection of optrA-, poxtA- and cfrD-carrying strains in migratory birds,livestock, pets,and in-contact humans in Spain

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - This study determined the carriage rates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of enterococci from...     

Gastric Bypass Distal Roux-en-Y Jejunal Interposition with Selective Proximal Vagotomy and Posterior Truncal Vagotomy

Selective proximal vagotomy and posterior truncal vagotomy have been performed in 71 consecutive gastric bypass (GBP) patients from June 1991 to December 1992. Vagotomy was used to prevent or diminish the incidence of marginal ulcer in GBP patients. Anterior and posterior highly selective proximal vagotomy with circular-instrument stapled gastrojejunostomy in patients undergoing GBP distal Roux-en-Y with jejunal interposition had no marginal ulcer complications (minimal follow-up 18 months).     

Modifications induced by dietary lipid source in adipose tissue phospholipid fatty acids and their consequences in lipid mobilization

The aim of the present work was to assess the influence of dietary lipid source on fatty acid phospholipid profiles and on lipid mobilization. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and fed on high-fat diets which provided olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil or beef tallow. All rats received the same amount of energy to avoid hyperphagia and differences in energy intake among groups. Phospholipid fatty acids were determined by GC. Lipolysis was stimulated in subcutaneous and perirenal isolated adipocytes by several lipolytic agents, and assessed by the determination of released glycerol. After 4 weeks of feeding, differences in body and adipose tissue weights were not observed. Dietary regimens caused great changes in adipose tissue phospholipid composition: rats fed on palm oil and beef tallow had higher concentrations of saturated fatty acids and animals fed on olive oil or sunflower oil had greater amounts of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. These modifications did not lead to important changes in adipocyte lipolysis. Significant differences were only observed between palm-oil- and beef-tallow-fed groups when lipolysis was stimulated by isoproterenol in subcutaneous adipocytes. The fact that our feeding protocol did not induce differences in fat accumulation among groups avoids misinterpretations due to adiposity changes. The differences observed between both saturated-fat-fed groups, therefore, should only be attributable to dietary lipids. Despite this effect, the data from this work indicate that some diet-induced changes in adipose tissue fatty acid composition may have little effect on overall function.     

Association of HLA-DR11 with the anaphylactoid reaction caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

BACKGROUND: Several HLA alleles have been associated with asthma induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The existence of HLA markers linked to other NSAID-induced reactions, such as cutaneous and anaphylactoid reactions, has not been established. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our work was to study the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in patients with cutaneous and anaphylactoid reactions caused by NSAIDs. METHODS: We have analyzed 114 HLA DRB1 and 26 HLA-DQB1 alleles in 21 patients with anaphylactoid reactions caused by NSAIDs, 47 patients who had exclusively cutaneous reactions during single-blind, placebo-controlled oral challenges with NSAIDs, and 167 tolerant control subjects (29 of whom had also had an IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to different agents). HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles were typed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers method with genomic DNA. RESULTS: The frequency of HLA-DR11 alleles was 58.8% in the anaphylactoid reaction group, compared with 15.9% in the NSAID-tolerant healthy control subjects (OR, 7:3; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-19.0; P <.02) and 6.3% in the group of the patients with a tolerance for NSAIDs and with IgE-mediated anaphylaxis (OR, 18.75; 95% confidence interval, 4.3-81.1; P <.004). No differences were observed among HLA-DR11 alleles analyzed. There were no significant HLA-DQB1 associations with NSAID-induced anaphylactoid reactions. Patients with cutaneous reactions had HLA frequencies that did not differ significantly from the tolerant control subjects. CONCLUSION: The HLA-DRB1*11 alleles showed a positive association with NSAID-induced anaphylactoid reactions.     

Personality and clinical predictors of recurrence of depression

OBJECTIVE: To help clinicians more accurately predict outcomes of treatment for depression, variables associated with recurrence of depression in the year after treatment were examined in a group of patients who completed treatment for an index episode of depression. METHODS: Forty-two depressed patients who participated in a double-blind pharmacological treatment study were followed for one year after treatment was discontinued. Length of treatment for the index episode was determined by clinicians and ranged from eight to 76 consecutive weeks. Eighteen patients who had a recurrent episode (43 percent) and 24 patients who did not (57 percent) were compared on sociodemographic and clinical variables, including scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). RESULTS: A combination of three variables predicted recurrence of depression in 90 percent of cases. They were an elevated EPQ score on the neuroticism subscale, a short duration of treatment of the index episode, and a slow onset of response to treatment of the index episode. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that personality traits, treatment duration, and variations in response to treatment might have an impact on long-term treatment outcome. Clinicians should consider these factors when making treatment decisions for depressed patients.