阿尔茨海默病患者事件相关电位的特征

目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病患者事件相关电位P300的特点与临床特征的相关性。方法:阿尔茨海默病组选自2001-04/2004-02在解放军第九十一医院全军精神疾病防治中心精神科门诊就诊或住院的患者41例,对照组为33名健康老年人。应用脑诱发电位仪对两组进行P300检测,同时应用简易智力状况检查判断认知功能损害(评分越低,认知功能损害越重),日常生活功能量表评价日常生活能力(评分越高,自理能力越差),并探讨P300与临床特征的相关性。结果:74例均进入结果分析。①简易智力状况检查评定:阿尔茨海默病组评分低于对照组[(15.2±4.2),(26.8±2.1)分,t=14.97,P<0.01]。②日常生活功能量表评定:阿尔茨海默病组评分地高于对照组(25.1±12.8,16.8±3.1,t=3.64,P<0.01)。③P300检测结果:阿尔茨海默病组P300靶刺激N2,P3和非靶刺激P2潜伏期延迟(t=2.57～5.09,P<0.05～0.01),靶刺激P3和非靶刺激P2波幅降低(t=5.51和3.03,P均<0.01);靶刺激P4出现率偏高(χ2=10.90,P<0.01)。④P300指标与临床特征的相关性:简易智力状况检查评分结果与P300部分靶刺激潜伏期和P4波出现率呈负相关,而与靶刺激波幅呈正相关(P<0.05～0.01);日常生活功能量表评分结果与P300部分靶刺激潜伏期和P4波出现率呈正相关,而与靶刺激波幅呈负相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:阿尔茨海默病组患者脑诱发电位有多项变异,且与临床特征有相关性。靶刺激P4波出现率是一项新指标,对其临床应用价值有必要进一步观察。     

可生物降解聚合物血管支架的最新研究进展

近年来,可生物降解聚合物由于其良好的生物相容性和可设计的降解时间在医学领域具有广泛的应用,尤其是在血管腔内治疗研究领域,得到了科研人员及临床医生的关注。本文综述了目前国内外可生物降解聚合物在血管支架、下腔静脉滤器及其他腔内应用的最新研究进展及应用,阐述了可生物降解聚合物目前存在的缺陷。此外,目前大多数研究仍停留在实验室阶段,上市的可应用于血管腔内的可生物降解聚合物成品仍极少。展望可生物降解聚合物的相关技术问题及未来方向,随着加工技术和材料的不断发展,可以预见可生物降解聚合物在腔内治疗的应用将更加广泛。     

中国人胚胎肝组织来源纤溶酶原kringle5基因的克隆与序列分析

目的：分离、克隆和测定中国人纤溶酶原Kringle5功能区基因，为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法：实验于2002—06／2003-05在广州医学院金域医学检验中心完成。①实验材料：国人胚肝组织取自广州医学院第一附属医院的流产胚胎（取得家属同意，并经广州医学院第一附属医院伦理委员会批准）。pET21a（＋）载体购自Novagen公司，大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）为医学检验中心保存。引物均由上海生工合成。②实验方法：从国人胚肝组织中提取mRNA，用反转录-聚合酶链反应方法将人纤溶酶原Kringle5的cDNA扩增出来，克隆到pET21a（＋）载体中测序。（D实验评估：采用紫外分光光度仪和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析胚肝组织总RNA的抽提结果；经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定Kringle5的反转录-聚合酶链反应扩增结果；pET-Kringle5重组质粒的酶切鉴定；序列测定。结果：①胚肝组织提取总RNA结果：提取的总RNA经紫外分光光度仪测得A260nm/A80nm〉1．8，A60nm，A270nm〉1.2，表明无蛋白残留；电泳结果显示提取的总RNA有明显的28S、18S两条带，说明RNA基本完整。②Kringle5的反转录-聚合酶链反应扩增结果：人Kringle5 cDNA片段长为240bp，加上引物设计的2个酶切位点，总长度为258bp，聚合酶链反应产物长度与该长度一致，符合预期结果。③）pET-Kringle5重组质粒的构建和酶切鉴定结果：用引物所带的限制性内切酶BamH Ⅰ、NdeⅠ双酶切，结果有250bp左右条带出现。④序列测定结果：证实国人纤溶酶原Kringle5功能区基因被成功克隆，序列分析证实为该基因，未发现有基因突变或多态性现象，但第153位核苷酸与文献比较存在碱基替代现象，其组成的密码子由于遗传的简并性，所编码的氨基酸相同，并未造成氨基酸组成的改变。结论：中国人纤溶酶原Kringle5功能区cDNA基因编码序列与国外文献报道的相应序列可能存在碱基替代现象。     

COVID-19 disease in hospitalized young adults in India and China: Evaluation of risk factors predicting progression across two major ethnic groups

Data pertaining to risk factor analysis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is confounded by the lack of data from an ethnically diverse population. In addition, there is a lack of data for young adults. This study was conducted to assess risk factors predicting COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized young adults. A retrospective observational study was conducted at two centers from China and India on COVID-19 patients aged 20–50 years. Regression analysis to predict adverse outcomes was performed using parameters including age, sex, country of origin, hospitalization duration, comorbidities, lymphocyte count, and National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) score at admission. A total of 420 patients (172 East Asians and 248 South Asians) were included. The predictive model for intensive care unit (ICU) admission with variables NEWS2 Category II and higher, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, and low lymphocyte counts had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.930 with a sensitivity of 0.931 and a specificity of 0.784. The predictive model for mortality with NEWS2 Category III, cancer, and decreasing lymphocyte count had an AUC value of 0.883 with a sensitivity of 0.903 and a specificity of 0.701. A combined predictive model with bronchial asthma and low lymphocyte count, in contrast, had an AUC value of 0.768 with a sensitivity of 0.828 and a specificity of 0.719 for NEWS2 score (5 or above) at presentation. NEWS2 supplemented with comorbidity profile and lymphocyte count could help identify hospitalized young adults at risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes.     

Do medullary thyroid carcinoma patients with high calcitonin require bilateral neck lymph node clearance? A case report

BACKGROUNDIn clinical work, 85%-90% of malignant thyroid diseases are papillary thyroid cancer (PTC); thus, clinicians neglect other types of thyroid cancer, such as medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).CASE SUMMARYWe report a 53-year-old female patient with a preoperative calcitonin level of 345 pg/mL. There was no definitive diagnosis of MTC by preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology or intraoperative frozen pathology, but the presence of PTC and MTC was confirmed by postoperative paraffin pathology. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection. Close follow-up at 1.5 years after surgery revealed no signs of recurrence or metastasis.CONCLUSIONThe issue in clinical work-up regarding types of thyroid cancer provides a novel and challenging idea for the surgical treatment of MTC. In the absence of central lymph node metastasis, it is worth addressing whether patients with high calcitonin can undergo total thyroidectomy and bilateral central lymph node dissection without bilateral lateral neck lymph node dissection.     

Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: patient comfort

Background

Maximising patient comfort during and after surgery is a primary concern of anaesthetists and other perioperative clinicians, but objective measures of what constitutes patient comfort in the perioperative period remain poorly defined. The Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative was established to derive a set of standardised endpoints for use in perioperative clinical trials.

DWI定量测量诊断宫颈癌

目的 探讨DWI定量测量诊断宫颈癌的价值。方法 收集经手术病理证实为宫颈癌的患者93例,包括鳞癌66例(高分化1例,中分化56例,低分化9例)及腺癌27例(高分化3例,中分化21例,低分化3例),宫颈正常者20例。对所有受检者均行常规MR及DWI扫描,测量ROI的ADC值,并进行统计学分析。结果 宫颈癌的ADC值[(1.05±0.24)×10^-3 mm²/s]低于正常宫颈[(1.87±0.22)×10^-3 mm²/s;t=-14.08,P<0.05]。宫颈鳞癌的ADC值[(0.97±0.13)×10^-3 mm²/s]低于宫颈腺癌[(1.26±0.31)×10^-3 mm²/s;t=-4.79,P<0.05]。中分化宫颈鳞癌ADC值[(0.98±0.14)×10^-3 mm²/s]高于低分化宫颈鳞癌[(0.88±0.14)×10^-3 mm²/s;t=2.31,P<0.05]。以ADC<1.59×10^-3 mm²/s诊断宫颈癌时,敏感度为95.70%,特异度为100%。结论 DWI对宫颈癌的诊断具有较高价值,ADC值可鉴别宫颈鳞癌与宫颈腺癌,且可评价宫颈鳞癌的分化程度。