老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别与出院准备度的关系

目的 探讨老年择期手术患者护理依赖类别及与出院准备度的关系,为制订针对性的出院干预计划提供参考.方法 选取江苏省6所综合性三级医院的362例老年择期手术出院患者,采用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表、护理依赖量表进行调查.结果 老年择期手术患者出院准备度得分为(159.39±30.79)分,护理依赖得分为(53.54±11.49)分.患者护理依赖可分为3个类别:社交依赖型(43.6％)、全面依赖型(23.8％)、学习依赖型(32.6％).多分类Logistic回归分析显示,患者年龄、人均月收入、居住方式及是否合并慢性病是护理依赖的影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 老年择期手术患者护理依赖性较高,且与出院准备度关系密切.医务人员应针对不同类别制订针对性的干预措施,降低其护理依赖,提高出院准备度.     

基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路探讨中医药治疗胃癌前病变研究现状

胃癌前病变（PLGC）是正常胃黏膜组织发生病理学癌变的异常过程,是胃癌发生前的必经阶段,亦是降低胃癌发病率的重要切入点。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路参与了PLGC的发生发展过程,当Wnt信号通路激活时,β-catenin向核内聚集,诱导原癌基因异常表达。中医药治疗PLGC疗效肯定,且查阅大量文献表明中医药对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路具有调控作用。因此,从中药及针灸两方面着手,将中医药基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路治疗PLGC的理论及研究现状进行综述,从而提出中医药疗法调控该信号通路治疗PLGC的问题及思考,为治疗PLGC及预防胃癌发生的中医药科研工作提供一定的启发,并为PLGC的中医临床应用提供参考依据。     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗小儿湿疹组方用药规律研究

目的：通过应用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）挖掘中医药治疗小儿湿疹的组方用药规律,并对高频药物、用药模式及治疗思路进行探讨。方法：搜集国家知识基础设施数据库（CNKI）、中国学术期刊数据库（CSPD）及中文科技期刊数据库（CCD）中2000—2021年应用中医药治疗小儿湿疹的相关文献,经过筛选后建立方药数据库,运用中医传承辅助平台（V 2.5）集成的改进互信息法、关联规则Apriori算法、复杂系统熵聚类与无监督熵聚类等算法对药物频次、性味归经、用药模式、规则分析及新处方等结果进行输出,并进行网络可视化展示。结果：纳入处方200首,共涉及206味中药,高频药物包括甘草、白鲜皮、薏苡仁、茯苓、生地黄、金银花、蝉蜕、地肤子、防风、牡丹皮等,药性以寒性（52.76%）居多,药味以甘（38.89%）、苦（33.37%）、辛（21.96%）味为主,归经以胃经（1 138次）、脾经（1 088次）、肝经（1 061次）居多,并且得到药物之间的关联规则,以及新处方6个。结论：小儿湿疹用药以补虚药、利水渗湿药、清热药、清热解毒药、解表药为主,治疗以疏风清热,燥湿健脾,养血活血为主要大法,分析结果与本病诊疗指南较为吻合,可为小儿湿疹的临床治疗及新药开发提供参考。     

Protective effect of pinocembrin from Penthorum chinense Pursh on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via regulating HMGB1/TLR4 signal pathway

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) is of common occurrence during liver surgery and transplantation. Pinocembrin (PIN) is a kind of flavonoid monomer extracted from the local traditional Chinese medicine Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). However, the effect of PIN on HIRI has not determined. We investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of PIN against HIRI. Model mice were subjected to partial liver ischemia for 60 min, experimental mice were pretreated with PIN orally for 7 days, and H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage model in AML12 hepatic cells was established in vitro. Histopathologic analysis and serum biochemical levels revealed that PIN had hepatoprotective activities against HIRI. The variation of GSH, SOD, MDA, and ROS levels indicated that PIN treatments attenuated oxidative stress in tissue. PIN pretreatment obviously ameliorated apoptosis, and restrained the expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in vivo. In vitro, compared with H₂O₂ group, the contents of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic cells, and Bcl-2 protein were decreased, while the Bax protein expression was increased. Moreover, HMGB-1 small interfering RNA test and western blotting showed that PIN pretreatment reduced HMGB1 and TLR4 protein levels. In conclusion, PIN pretreatment effectively protected hepatocytes from HIRI and inhibited the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway.     

Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Patients with bladder cancer have a high risk of suicide. This study aimed to assess how bladder cancer increases suicide risk and to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with suicidal death among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to April 2020 to identify eligible studies related to the incidence and risk factors of suicide after bladder cancer diagnosis. Summary multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using inverse variance method with random or fixed-effect modeling. Results: Five retrospective cohorts comprising 563,680 patients with bladder cancer were included. Higher risk of suicide by 1.90-fold was observed among patients with bladder cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81; P = 0.001; I² = 81.2%), especially in those aged 70 years or older (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29–1.43; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), unmarried (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61–1.83; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), and those with regional bladder cancer (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.21; P = 0.021; I² = 96.3%), compared with those without bladder cancer. Furthermore, gender and race were not associated with increased suicide risk among patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions: Suicide risk is increased among patients with bladder cancer, particularly those aged 70 years or older, unmarried and those with regional bladder cancer. Hence, early psychological support must be provided during the follow-up period of these special populations with a high suicide risk.     

Targeting NF-κB c-Rel in regulatory T cells to treat corneal transplantation rejection

The relevance of Tregs in the induction of tolerance against corneal allografts has been well established. Although it is well known that the conversion of Tregs into effector-like cells contributes to the loss of corneal immune privilege, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. Using heterologous penetrating keratoplasty model, we found that Tregs from corneal allograft rejected mice (inflam-Tregs) exhibit impaired function and characteristics of effector T cells. Further study showed that the expression of NF-κB c-Rel, a key mediator of effector T cell function, was significantly increased in inflam-Tregs. Mechanistic study revealed that elevated NF-κB c-Rel level in inflam-Tregs impaired Treg function through the promotion of inflammatory cytokine production and glycolysis. More importantly, we demonstrated that targeting NF-κB c-Rel was able to improve the immune suppressive function of inflam-Tregs in vitro and enhance the potential of them to suppress corneal transplantation rejection. Therefore, our current study identified NF-κB c-Rel as a key mediator of the conversion of Tregs into effector-like cells when under inflammatory environment.     

根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2004年1月至2015年12月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的63例结直肠癌肺转移病人的临床病理资料;男35例,女28例;年龄为(57±12)岁。病人均行原发灶和结直肠癌肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。观察指标:(1)诊断及治疗情况。(2)随访及生存情况。(3)预后影响因素分析。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解病人术后生存情况,随访时间截至2018年12月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线,单因素分析采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型。结果(1)诊断及治疗情况:63例结直肠癌肺转移病人中,同时性肺转移6例,异时性肺转移57例。18例病人胸部X线片检查初始发现肺部可疑转移灶,经X线计算机体层摄影术(CT)检查进一步证实为肺转移灶,45例病人胸部CT检查初始发现肺转移灶。63例病人均行原发灶和肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。22例病人行纵隔淋巴结清扫,其中2例各有1枚纵隔淋巴结转移。所有病人术后恢复良好,未出现严重并发症。63例病人中,57例接受>6个月以氟尿嘧啶类药物为主的术后辅助化疗及靶向治疗。(2)随访及生存情况:63例病人均获得术后随访,随访时间为8~143个月,中位随访时间为58个月。63例病人中,19例死亡,24例出现二次复发,5年复发率为38.1%(24/63),复发时间为18个月(3~58个月)。24例二次复发病人中,19例发生肺转移,3例发生脑转移,2例发生骨转移,2例发生肝转移。同1例病人可同时发生多处转移。24例二次复发病人中,5例行再次手术治疗,19例行化疗和放化疗。63例病人5年总体生存率为62.7%。(3)预后影响因素分析:单因素分析结果为原发灶部位、肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是影响结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的相关因素(χ²=4.162、7.175、6.725,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素(风险比=2.725,2.778,95%可信区间为1.051~7.064、1.072~7.021,P<0.05)。结论根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶安全、可行。肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素。     

浙江省男男性行为人群网络临时性伴的知情交友状况分析

目的 分析浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的HIV感染状况知情交友（知情交友）状况及相关因素,为干预措施制定提供参考依据。方法 2018年6-12月在杭州市、宁波市、温州市、台州市和绍兴市,由社会组织和自愿咨询与检测门诊招募符合研究对象标准的MSM,招募样本量为793人。采用自行设计问卷,采用面对面方式问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识、性行为、知情交友行为等信息。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在MSM 767人中,最近6个月发生网络临时性行为302人,发生网络型临时性行为、网络/场所混合型临时性行为者分别占62.6%（189/302）和37.4%（113/302）。在网络临时性伴的知情交友中,已告知、已询问和已知晓者分别占54.6%（165/302）、49.2%（146/297）和42.9%（82/191）,知晓网络临时性伴HIV阴性状况后坚持使用安全套者占75.8%（113/149）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近6个月网络临时性伴的知情交友中未询问的相关因素包括年龄25~34岁（aOR=2.17,95%CI：1.20~3.91）、最近6个月网络临时性伴数>2个（aOR=2.13,95%CI：1.27~3.57）、不认为网络临时性伴HIV感染风险较高（aOR=1.96,95%CI：1.14~3.35）、既往HIV检测数>1次（aOR=0.38,95%CI：0.22~0.66）。结论 浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的知情交友的意愿较高,但知情交友行为及知晓对方HIV检测结果的比例较低,针对MSM的网络临时性伴较多、认为网络临时性伴感染风险低和HIV检测次数较少者,需加强健康教育和促进知情交友的行为干预。     

“They Assume That You’re Not Having Sex”: A Qualitative Exploration of How Paediatric Healthcare Providers Can Have Positive Sexuality-Related Conversations with Youth with Disabilities

Sexuality and Disability - Every individual should have equal access to sexuality-related information and services. Regrettably, societal stigma revolves around the sexuality of youth with...