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151.
Gene therapy is defined as the introduction of a therapeutic gene into a cell, whose expression can lead to a cure of a disease or offer a transient advantage for tissue growth and regeneration. The delivery of genes can be undertaken for a number of purposes, usually it is attempted to enhance or add a function to a cell or a tissue or to delete or reduce another function. In this brief overview we describe various vehicles and techniques that have been developed to deliver therapeutic genes into cells, such as viral vectors and physical/chemical gene delivery methods including naked DNA and particle-mediated gene transfer, the microseeding technique and the application of lipids. Furthermore we review the potential utility of gene therapy from the perspective of a reconstructive surgeon. Several tissues will be discussed, particularly muscle, tendon, nerve, bone, skin and wounds. 相似文献
152.
Saheki T Kobayashi K Iijima M Horiuchi M Begum L Jalil MA Li MX Lu YB Ushikai M Tabata A Moriyama M Hsiao KJ Yang Y 《Molecular genetics and metabolism》2004,81(Z1):S20-S26
Citrin is a mitochondrial aspartate glutamate carrier primarily expressed in the liver, heart, and kidney. We found that adult-onset type II citrullinemia is caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene that encodes for citrin. In this report, we describe the frequency of SLC25A13 mutations, the roles of citrin as a member of the urea cycle and as a member of the malate-aspartate shuttle, the relationship between its functions and symptoms of citrin deficiency, and therapeutic issues. 相似文献
153.
Robert P Lisak Joyce A Benjamins Beverly Bealmear Liljana Nedelkoska Bin Yao Susan Land Diane Studzinski 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2007,4(1):30-20
Background
In multiple sclerosis, inflammatory cells are found in both active and chronic lesions, and it is increasingly clear that cytokines are involved directly and indirectly in both formation and inhibition of lesions. We propose that cytokine mixtures typical of Th1 or Th2 lymphocytes, or monocyte/macrophages each induce unique molecular changes in glial cells. 相似文献154.
Liu XH Kirschenbaum A Yao S Stearns ME Holland JF Claffey K Levine AC 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》1999,17(8):687-694
Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression induced by hypoxia is crucial event leading to neovascularization.
Cyclooxygenase-2, an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid, has been
demonstrated to be induced by hypoxia and play role in angiogenesis and metastasis. To investigate the potential effect of
COX-2 on hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in prostate cancer. We examined the relationship between COX-2 expression and VEGF
induction in response to cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-simulated hypoxia in three human prostate cancer cell lines with differing biological phenotypes. Northern blotting and
ELISA revealed that all three tested cell lines constitutively expressed VEGF mRNA, and secreted VEGF protein to different
degrees (LNCaP > PC-3 > PC3ML). However, these cell lines differed in the ability to produce VEGF in the presence of CoCl2-simulated hypoxia. CoCl2 treatment resulted in 40% and 75% increases in VEGF mRNA, and 50% and 95% in protein secretion by LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines,
respectively. In contrast, PC-3ML cell line, a PC-3 subline with highly invasive, metastatic phenotype, exhibits a dramatic
upregulation of VEGF, 5.6-fold in mRNA and 6.3-fold in protein secretion after treatment with CoCl2. The upregulation of VEGF in PC-3ML cells is accompanied by a persistent induction of COX-2 mRNA (6.5-fold) and protein (5-fold).
Whereas COX-2 expression is only transiently induced in PC-3 cells and not affected by CoCl2 in LNCaP cells. Moreover, the increases in VEGF mRNA and protein secretion induced by CoCl2 in PC-3ML cells were significantly suppressed following exposure to NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Finally, the effect
of COX-2 inhibition on CoCl2-induced VEGF production was reversed by the treatment with exogenous PGE2. Our data demonstrate that VEGF induction by cobalt chloride-simulated hypoxia is maintained by a concomitant, persistent
induction of COX-2 expression and sustained elevation of PGE2 synthesis in a human metastatic prostate cancer cell line, and suggest that COX-2 activity, reflected by PGE2 production, is involved in hypoxia-induced VEGF expression, and thus, modulates prostatic tumor angiogenesis.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
155.
二尖瓣环的非平面特性对二尖瓣返流的超声诊断和二尖瓣环成形术的合理设计具有重要意义.基于心脏的实时三维超声图像,我们研究了一种对二尖瓣环三维重建及运动分析的方法.首先通过人机交互方式提取出二尖瓣环的特征点,并根据位置关系对特征点排序,然后利用非均匀有理B样条曲线建立二尖瓣环三维形态模型,并编程实现二尖瓣环的动态显示和运动分析.通过对20组病例分析,初步证明此方法所建模型较准确反映患者的二尖瓣环的运动,能满足二尖瓣环三维可视化和分析研究的需要. 相似文献
156.
冠心病家族史青少年载脂蛋白E、B的基因多态性 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
目的 探讨青少年载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apoE)、apoB基因多态性对冠心病的遗传易感性。方法 应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性技术,对244名健康汉族大学生(冠心病家族史阳性者109人,阴性者135人)的apoE、apoB XbaI、apoB 3’可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeat ,VNTR)基因型进行分析。结果 阳性组的e4、x^ 、VNTR—B(hypervariable element,HVE>38)等位基因频率显著高于阴性组(P<0.05),且与血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇、aPoBl00水平升高有显著相关(P<0.05)。结论 apoE的e4、apoB Xba I的x^ 、apoB3’VNTR的VNTR—B可能为冠心病的重要遗传标记。 相似文献
157.
Rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, reduces pulmonary inflammatory response in a rat model of endotoxemia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Objective: The effect of rosiglitazone, a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, on pulmonary inflammation
in endotoxemia was investigated.
Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats were given either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 6 mg/kg i.v.) or saline, pretreated with rosiglitazone (0.3 mg/kg
i.v.) or its vehicle (dimethyl sulphoxide) 30 min before LPS. The selective PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) was
given 20 min before rosiglitazone. Wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) as well
as TNF-α and CINC-1 concentrations were measured in lung tissues 4 h after LPS injection. Expression of ICAM-1, NF-κB p65
and PPAR-γ were also determined by immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis.
Results: Rosiglitazone pretreatment significantly attenuated the increases in W/D ratio, MPO activity and MDA levels, and reduced
pulmonary overproduction of TNF-α and CINC-1 as well as expression of ICAM-1 following endotoxemia. Rosiglitazone also inhibited
the nuclear localization of NF-κB and up-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ protein. The specific PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662
abolished the effect of rosiglitazone.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that PPAR-γ agonists might be used as therapeutic agents in the therapy of inflammatory lung injury
related to endotoxemia.
Received 8 January 2005; returned for revision 6 July 2005; returned for final revision 20 July 2005; accepted by M. Katori
31 July 2005 相似文献
158.
Yang Jueqin A Fan L Yao Z A Volgger D Xu L J Yao F G. Brünnler E. D. Albert 《Human immunology》1996,47(1-2):14
We have investigated the polymorphism of the DQA1 promoter region (QAP) and we have deduced four point (DRB1, QAP, DQA1, DQB1) haplotypes of 60 unrelated healthy Dai minority individuals using the polymerase chain reaction and Dig-ddUTP labeled oligonucleotides. A total of eight QAP alleles (QAP1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1 and 4.2) were detected and two QAP alleles, QAP1.5 and QAP2.1 were absent in this population. The most predominant allele was QAP1.2 with 80% allele frequency. We also found that QAP alleles are in strong linkage disequilibrium with certain alleles of the neighboring loci DQA1 and DQB1. Complete positive association was found for QAP4.1-DQA1*05, QAP4.2-DQA1*0601, QAP1.2-DR2 group, QAP3.2-DRB1*09, QAP4.1-DRB1*03. A total of 28 different four point (DRB1-QAP-DQA1-DQB1) haplotypes were deduced and the most frequent haplotypes were DRB1*1602-QAP1.2-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0502 (N = 18, H.f. = 15%) and DRB1*09-QAP3.2-DQA1*03-DQB1*03032 (N = 18, H.f. = 15%) followed by the haplotypes DRB1*1401-QAP1.3-DQA1*01-DQB1*0502, DRB1*1202-QAP4.2-DQA1*0601-DQB1*0301 and DRB1*1502-QAP1.2-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501 with H.f. 9.1%, 6.7% and 5.0% respectively. The other 23 haplotypes were all less than 5% (H.f. 0.8%-5%). The relationship between the QAP alleles and DQA1 in the Dai minority is the same as that in the Chinese and the Caucasoid population. 相似文献
159.
神经导航中脑组织变形补偿的点云处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
有限元方法是解决神经导航中脑组织变形的重要方法,需要手术过程中的脑皮层信息作为其边界条件.本文通过非结构点云进行了脑皮层信息的表示,并通过对其进行处理来获取有限元方法的边界条件.点云处理包括纹理映射、分割、简化和去噪,其中非结构点云的简化与去噪采用了改进的基于表面特性k邻域的聚类方法.实验结果证明所采用的点云处理方法是可靠的. 相似文献
160.
Hua-Feng Liu Yong-Zhi Xu Cui-Wei Yao Ting Chen Tao Hong Dong Liang Xiao-Wen Chen 《细胞与分子免疫学杂志》2006,22(6):777-8, 780
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between IL-18 levels in urine and parameters of renal pathological changes in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS: IL-18 levels in morning free urine and 24-hour's urine in 19 normal persons and 55 patients with LN were measured by ELISA. The correlation between IL-18 levels and parameters of renal pathological changes, namely activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI), were analyzed by liner correlation analysis method. RESULTS: IL-18 levels in morning free urine and 24-hour's urine in LN group were elevated significantly compared with control group. In both groups IL-18 levels in morning free urine were (247.1+/-317.5) ng/L and (20.3+/-14.5) ng/L, respectively, P<0.001; those in 24-hour's urine were (192.1+/-170.1) ng/d and (21.0+/-3.8) ng/d, respectively, (P<0.001). There was close positive correlation between IL-18 levels in morning free urine and 24-hour's urine and LN patient's AI (for morning free urine: r=0.602, P<0.001; for 24-hour's urine: r=0.461, P<0.005) but there was no correlation between IL-18 levels in morning urine and 24-hour's urine and CI (P>0.05). Patients with LN were divided into three groups (high, moderate and low) according to AI value. There was distinct difference of IL-18 levels in urine among the three groups: IL-18 levels in morning urine were (69.2+/-82.7) ng/L, (193.5+/-106.1) ng/L and (580.7+/-453.1) ng/L, respectively, (P<0.001); those in 24-hour's urine were (103.5+/-141.4) ng/d, (188.8+/-124.0) ng/d and (333.1+/-183.2) ng/d, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is very simple and convenient to detect IL-18 levels in morning free urine, so it is a good method for evaluating renal pathological activity of LN. 相似文献