经脐单孔腹腔镜右半结肠根治手术的临床研究

目的探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜右半结肠根治手术的临床研究。 方法纳入2015年1月至2018年6月于上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北院普外科接受传统5孔腹腔镜右半结肠切除术和纯单孔腹腔镜右半结肠手术的患者共89例,其中单孔腹腔镜手术45例(单孔腹腔镜组)、传统5孔腹腔镜手术44例(传统腹腔镜组),根据患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数、ASA评分(≤ 2分/>2分)、手术时间、并发症、淋巴结获得数目、病理分期等进行分析。 结果在术中出血量、进食流食时间、术后住院时间方面,单孔腹腔镜组和传统腹腔镜组比较,差异无统计学意义。单孔腹腔镜组的手术时间[166 min(42.0 min)比144 min(37.5 min),P＝0.03]更长。单孔腹腔镜组中出现1例(2.27%)术后吻合口瘘,传统腹腔镜组有1例(2.22%)术后吻合口瘘(P＝0.99)。两组的病理结果相似。单孔腹腔镜组中位随访时间22.5个月、传统腹腔镜组中位随访时间21.9个月。单孔腹腔镜组有3例(6.8%)出现复发、传统腹腔镜组也有3例(6.6%)复发,复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.88)。 结论单孔腹腔镜右半结肠癌手术需要在临床和肿瘤学疗效方面与传统五孔腹腔镜手术相当,初步证实是一种安全可开展的手术方式。     

An individual patient data meta‐analysis on the effect of chemotherapy on survival in patients with craniofacial osteosarcoma

Chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with long bone osteosarcomas. However, the benefits of chemotherapy in the treatment of craniofacial osteosarcoma (CFOS) are still controversial. We searched PubMed and EMBASE from February 1997 to December 2016 to identify studies on CFOS. The individual patient data of these studies were pooled into a meta‐analysis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Thirteen studies with a total of 184 patients met our inclusion criteria. Positive resection margin was a poor prognostic factor for CFOS in the univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Chemotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with CFOS who had tumors in the maxilla, positive resection margins, or high‐grade tumors. Patients with local tumor recurrence had better OS and DSS when treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy improves survival in patients with CFOS with adverse factors, such as tumors with positive margins, high‐grade tumors, and recurrent tumors.     

Impact of the Reconstruction Material on the Patency of Middle Hepatic Vein in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using the Right Liver

BackgroundA right liver graft with middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction is the standard graft for adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The patency of reconstructed MHV affects the recovery and regeneration of graft. The aim of the study is to evaluate the patency rate of reconstructed MHV according to the reconstruction material in LDLT using the right liver.MethodsThe data was collected retrospectively on 521 patients who underwent LDLT with right liver graft form August 2003 to December 2012 at the Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital in Seoul. Two serial comparisons were performed. At first, patients were divided into 2 groups: biologic graft group (n = 252) and synthetic graft group (n = 177). Second, patients were divided into 6 groups: No MHV reconstruction (n = 92); MHV was reconstructed by greater saphenous vein (GSV) (n = 20); recipient’s portal vein (PV) (n = 219); cryopreserved iliac artery (CIA) (n = 2); cryopreserved iliac vein (CIV) (n = 11); polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft (n = 105); and polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) graft (n = 72). We compared the patency of reconstructed MHV among these groups by computed tomography angiography at 7 days, 20 days, 90 days, and 1 year.ResultsAt the first comparison, the patency rate of the biologic graft group on the seventh postoperative day was 61.9%, and the synthetic graft group was 72.4% (P = .029). At postoperative 1 year, the patency rate of the biologic graft group was 42.9%, and the synthetic graft group was 24.1% (P = .001). At the second comparison, the MHV patency of GSV, PV, CIA, CIV, PTFE, and PETE was 65.0%, 62.5%, 50%, 63.6%, 75%, 72% on the seventh postoperative days (P = .318); 60%, 57.1%, 50%, 54.5%, 69%, 55.6% on the 20th postoperative days (P = .444); 40%, 48.8%, 50%, 27.3%, 47%, 34.1% on the 90th postoperative days (P = .294); and 30%, 45.2%, 50%, 27.3%, 27%, 26.4% at 1 postoperative year (P = .008).ConclusionAlthough there was no statistical difference in comparison of each material, there were significant differences in MHV patency rates between the biologic and the synthetic group. Therefore, the synthetic graft could be considered in living donor liver transplantation with MHV reconstruction.     

扶芳藤含药血清对大鼠胰岛细胞的保护机制

目的  探讨扶芳藤含药血清对大鼠胰岛细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法  将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,每组8只,包括对照组（正常大鼠胰岛细胞予正常大鼠血清培养）、缺血预处理组（获取胰腺前阻断腹主动脉再开放,胰岛细胞予正常大鼠血清培养）、扶芳藤治疗组（正常大鼠胰岛细胞予大鼠扶芳藤含药血清培养）、扶芳藤组和空白组（正常大鼠分别予扶芳藤提取物或蒸馏水灌胃,用于制备大鼠血清）。采用双硫腙（DTZ）染色法观察并计算胰岛数量;采用吖啶橙（AO）/碘化丙啶（PI）染色法,计算胰岛细胞存活率;采用胰岛素释放实验计算刺激指数（SI）来评价胰岛细胞功能;采用谷胱甘肽（GSH）及一氧化氮（NO）试剂盒测定胰岛细胞内GSH、NO含量;采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）的表达水平。结果  经DTZ染色后胰岛细胞呈特异性猩红色,各组间胰岛细胞数量比较,差异无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。随培养时间延长,各组胰岛细胞活性均逐渐降低,分离培养72 h后,与对照组比较,扶芳藤治疗组细胞存活率更高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。胰岛素释放实验检测结果提示,与对照组相比,缺血预处理组及扶芳藤治疗组的SI均升高,差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。与对照组比较,缺血预处理组及扶芳藤治疗组胰岛细胞的GSH含量均升高、NO含量均降低、iNOS mRNA表达水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。结论  扶芳藤能通过提高GSH、降低iNOS表达及NO产生,提高胰岛细胞存活率,增强胰岛功能。     

综合评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与疾病程度及预后的相关性

目的:运用综合评估法分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与病情程度及预后的相关性。方法:将符合纳入标准的200例患者分为肺气虚、肺脾气虚、肺肾气虚及肺肾气阴两虚四组,观察1年前后患者肺功能、mMRC分级、CAT评分,并进行数据整理及统计分析。结果:肺肾气虚证、肺肾气阴两虚证患者较肺气虚证、肺脾气虚证患者肺功能分级重且FEV1下降更明显、出现呼吸困难症状重且程度进展快、对生活质量影响较大且影响增加更显著,但肺气虚证与肺脾气虚证、肺肾气虚证与肺肾气阴两虚证之间无明显差异。结论:慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期中医证型与疾病程度及预后存在相关性。     

miR-186海绵载体的构建及其在EA.hy926细胞株中的表达

目的：构建微小RNA-186（miR-186）基因的海绵载体,建立稳定敲减miR-186的EA.hy926细胞株。方法：化学合成miR-186海绵体序列,并克隆到慢病毒FV040表达载体上;采用lipofectamine 2000共转染FV040-miR-186-sponge载体和慢病毒辅助包装质粒到HEK293T细胞,包装慢病毒,测定病毒滴度;FV040-control慢病毒作为对照组,FV040-miR-186-sponge作为实验组,分别感染EA.hy926细胞,筛选稳转细胞株;采用荧光定量PCR （qPCR）法检测空白对照组、FV040-control对照组及FV040-miR-186-sponge实验组中EA.hy926细胞miR-186的相对表达水平。结果：测序结果显示克隆的目的基因序列与设计的miR-186海绵体序列完全一致。在感染的EA.hy926细胞中观察到绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达。FV040-control包装的慢病毒滴度为2×10⁸ TU·mL^-1,FV040-miR-186-sponge组慢病毒滴度为6×10⁸ TU·mL^-1;成功建立了稳定表达miR-186-sponge的EA.hy926细胞株,感染效率达95%;qPCR检测,与空白对照组和FV040-control组比较,FV040-miR-186-sponge组EA.hy926细胞中miR-186相对表达水平降低（P<0.01）。结论：成功构建了miR-186基因的海绵载体,建立了稳定下调miR-186表达的EA.hy926-miR-186-sponge细胞株。     

口服谷氨酰胺颗粒对烧创伤患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察口服谷氨酰胺(Gln)颗粒对烧(创)伤及大手术患者的疗效及可能发生的不良反应.方法采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照法,将受试患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持.Gln组口服或管饲Gln 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂甘氨酸,疗程均为7 d.比较用药前后两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能、蛋白代谢、免疫功能、肝和肾功能的变化及不良反应等. 结果伤后两组患者血浆Gln浓度明显低于正常值,而血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量、肠黏膜通透性[尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)]及尿氮排量均明显增高;但Gln组用药7 d后血浆Gln浓度与用药前比较增加38.04%(P＜0.01).Gln组血浆前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),升幅分别为21.19%、51.11%、57.54%.血浆DAO活性、L/M比值、内毒素含量及尿氮排量明显低于对照组,降幅分别为47.26%、52.18%、22.22%、27.78%(P＜0.05或0.01).两组患者的血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿常规及肝、肾功能在用约前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).用药后有少数患者出现轻微不良反应如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,2～3 d后自行缓解,两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论口服Gln能显著提高患者血浆Gln浓度,明显减轻伤后肠黏膜受损程度,并能促进机体蛋白合成,降低蛋白分解,提高机体免疫功能,且临床应用无明显不良反应.     

创伤及内毒素对大鼠肠屏障功能的损害

目的　探讨创伤合并感染对机体肠屏障功能的损害作用。方法　随机、对照性实验。雄性成年SD大鼠 3 5只 ,分为对照组 (Con)及肠内营养 (EN)、静脉营养 (PN)和脓血症组 (Sep)。后三组做成静脉营养模型 ,施以不同损害刺激。结果　Sep组小肠黏膜损害最重 ,内毒素导致EN、Sep组血浆中一氧化氮升高 ,分别为 10 3 .3 9、113 .3 3 μmol/L ;Sep组小肠通透性和细菌易位率增加 ,分别为 4.0 0 %和 83 .3 3 %。EN组肠屏障损害显著减轻。结论　静脉营养 1周导致大鼠小肠黏膜萎缩 ,肠通透性增加 ;内毒素加重了创伤大鼠肠屏障功能损害 ,可能与体内一氧化氮产生增多有关 ;肠道喂养显著减轻了肠屏障功能损伤     

乳管镜下浆细胞性乳管炎的分型及临床研究

目的探讨乳管内窥镜对诊断及治疗浆细胞性乳腺炎的临床价值。方法对250例乳头溢液患者行乳管内窥镜检查,对其中95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者在乳管内窥镜下对乳管内病变的特点予以分析并加以分型研究。结果95例浆细胞性乳腺炎患者中,Ⅰ型患者21例(22．1％),Ⅱ型患者43例(45．3％),Ⅲ型患者18例(18．9％),Ⅳ型患者13例(13．7％)。非手术治疗83例,症状完全缓解45例,好转38例。手术治疗12例,均病理证实,其中5例伴有中、重度不典型增生。结论乳管内窥镜可以对浆细胞性乳腺炎患者做出明确的诊断,并可对病变乳管进行定位,提示手术指征,使绝大多数患者避免手术,对需要手术活检的患者可缩小手术范围,是临床上一种不可缺少的辅助诊断方法。     

妇科腔镜手术患者人字形与截石体位的比较研究

目的 探讨人字形分腿位与截石位对妇科腔镜手术患者的影响.方法 将200例实施妇科腔镜手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各100例.对照组采用常规截石体位;观察组采用人字形分腿位,即采用可分腿板式手术床,无需安装托腿架,双下肢平放于腿板上,腿板水平分开角度90°～1 00°.结果 观察组体位安置耗时(237.00±58.00)s,对照组(151.00士17.00)s,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组体温、血压、心率变化幅度小于时照组(均P＜0.01),麻醉苏醒期平稳性、术后舒适度改变等指标优于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 与截石位相比,人字形分腿住手术野暴露充分,摆放简便,可有效预防并发症的发生,提高手术安全性.