抗日本血吸虫单克隆抗体的制备及其在诊断中的应用

The present paper reported on an anti-CCA monoclonal antibody, McAb-IIID 10, which could be used in determinations of both parasite-oriented circulating antigens and specific anti-CCA antibodies. The established competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) using McAb-IIID 10 to detect schistosome-antibodies showed high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis with few cross-reactions. In field trials, coincident rates in 3 separate batches of serum samples when subjected to double-blind detections were obtained. A total of 1,915 serum samples had been determined by C-ELISA, among them 113 acute cases achieved a 100% positive rate, 765 chronic and 25 late cases showed 96.3% and 72% positive respectively. 70% of the 66 cured schistosomiasis cases turned to be negative. None of the 750 normal individuals showed positive reactions. No cross reaction was found in 27 sera from hydatidosis, whereas 1 and 2 positive reactions were found in 43 paragonimiasis sera and 126 clonorchiasis sera respectively. The established McAb-IIID 10 involved Dot-ELISA was found of value in the assessment of effective chemotherapy and showed a high negative conversion rate of 97.9% in 48 cured schistosomiasis patients. In 16 experimentally infected rabbits, 12 became negative in Dot-ELISA determinations at the 8th week post treatment, and the remaining 4 treated ones, the titer as well as the reaction intensity were also found reduced. A good coincidence rate was also found between C-ELISA and Dot-ELISA, their detection results may be complementary each other.     

Function of HAb18G/CD147 in invasion of host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

To identify the function of HAb18G/CD147 in invasion of host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV), we analyzed the protein-protein interaction among HAb18G/CD147, cyclophilin A (CyPA), and SARS-CoV structural proteins by coimmunoprecipitation and surface plasmon resonance analysis. Although none of the SARS-CoV proteins was found to be directly bound to HAb18G/CD147, the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV was bound to CyPA, which interacted with HAb18G/CD147. Further research showed that HAb18G/CD147, a transmembrane molecule, was highly expressed on 293 cells and that CyPA was integrated with SARS-CoV. HAb18G/CD147-antagonistic peptide (AP)-9, an AP of HAb18G/CD147, had a high rate of binding to 293 cells and an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV. These results show that HAb18G/CD147, mediated by CyPA bound to SARS-CoV N protein, plays a functional role in facilitating invasion of host cells by SARS-CoV. Our findings provide some evidence for the cytologic mechanism of invasion by SARS-CoV and provide a molecular basis for screening anti-SARS drugs.     

丹参通脉胶囊对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的作用

目的 观察丹参通脉胶囊对脑缺血再灌注大鼠的影响,探究其脑组织恢复程度。方法 取SD大鼠40只,制备脑缺血再灌注损伤模型（MCAO）,实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、血塞通组及丹参通脉胶囊组,观察脑缺血再灌注24 h后大鼠神经行为学评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死体积、局部脑皮层血流量（rCBF）和局部微血管内皮细胞的变化情况。结果 与模型组及血塞通组比较,丹参通脉胶囊能显著降低大鼠的神经行为学评分（P<0.01）;降低脑组织含水量（P<0.01）;减小脑梗死体积（P<0.01）;提高局部脑组织血流量（P<0.01）;增加微血管内皮细胞的数量（P<0.01）。结论 丹参通脉胶囊对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,可加速脑组织恢复。     

Desired vancomycin trough concentration to achieve an AUC0‐24/MIC ≥400 in Chinese children with complicated infectious diseases

A vancomycin steady‐state trough concentration (C_min) of 15‐20 mg/L is recommended for achieving a ratio of the 24‐hour area under the curve to the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC_0‐24/MIC) of ≥400 in adults. Since few paediatric data are available, our objectives were to (a) measure the pharmacokinetic indices of vancomycin and (b) determine the correlation between C_min and AUC_0‐24/MIC in paediatric patients. Population‐based pharmacokinetic modelling was performed for paediatric patients to estimate the individual parameters. The relationship between C_min and the calculated AUC_0‐24/MIC was explored using linear regression and a probabilistic framework. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted using Monte Carlo simulations. Body‐weight significantly influenced the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Based on real data and simulations, C_min ranges of 5.0‐5.9 and 9.0‐12.9 mg/L were associated with AUC_0‐24/MIC ≥400 for MIC values of ≤0.5 and ≤1 mg/L, respectively. Vancomycin regimens of 10 and 15 mg/kg every 6 hours achieved a C_min of 5.0‐5.9 mg/L and AUC_0‐24/MIC ≥400 in >90% of the children when MIC was ≤0.5 mg/L. At a MIC of ≤1 mg/L, vancomycin at 15 mg/kg every 6 hours achieved C_min of 9.0‐12.9 mg/L and AUC_0‐24/MIC ≥400 in 2.0‐ and 1.6‐fold as many children compared to a dose of 10 mg/kg every 6 hours, respectively. Vancomycin C_min values of 5.0‐12.9 mg/L were strongly predictive of achieving AUC_0‐24/MIC ≥400, and rational dosing regimens of 10‐15 mg/kg q6h were required in paediatric patients, depending on the pathogen.     

Advances in nanotechnology-based delivery systems for EGFR tyrosine kinases inhibitors in cancer therapy

Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family have been introduced into the clinic to treat human malignancies for decades. Despite superior properties of EGFR-TKIs as small molecule targeted drugs, their applications are still restricted due to their low solubility, capricious oral bioavailability, large requirement of daily dose, high binding tendency to plasma albumin and initial/acquired drug resistance. Nanotechnology is a promising tool to improve efficacy of these drugs. Through non-oral routes. Various nanotechnology-based delivery approaches have been developed for providing efficient delivery of EGFR-TKIs with a better pharmacokinetic profile and tissue-targeting ability. This review aims to indicate the advantage of nanocarriers for EGFR-TKIs delivery.     

AGK2 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Neuroinflammation through Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology - Neuroinflammation is associated with the progression of multiple neurological diseases. Many studies show that SIRT2 involves in multiple inflammatory...     

我院新生儿肠外营养处方的合理性分析

目的：评价我院新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方临床实际应用的合理性。方法：收集2018年1-7月我院NICU的新生儿肠外营养处方共320份,患儿共52例,其中早产儿38例,足月儿14例。对新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方的成分进行分析,统计患儿的住院时间、使用TPN的时间、患儿摄入的液体量、热卡量、血糖、肝功能等,并结合患儿的生长发育情况,来评价三种固定组套处方的合理性。结果：三种固定组套处方在临床应用中的稳定性能够得到保证,糖速、热氮比、电解质浓度均在合理范围内,但52例患儿中存在3例前期液体量摄入过多,320份处方中存在114份热卡摄入不足,早产儿组套处方中缺少电解质钠和镁,足月儿组套中缺少电解质镁等。结论：我院新生儿肠外营养三种固定组套处方在临床的实际应用中,能够基本满足大多数新生儿的生长发育需求,但肠外营养处方存在热卡和蛋白质摄入不足,需要进一步完善。     

1549例患儿莲必治注射液应用合理性分析及药物利用研究

目的:探讨莲必治注射液在儿童患者中的应用合理性以及中药注射剂在儿童患者中的药物利用研究。方法:对2018年某儿童医院应用莲必治注射液的住院患儿资料进行回顾性分析,结合药品说明书以及患儿年龄、体质量,对给药剂量、给药浓度、用药频次及溶剂选择等方面进行统计分析;计算儿童药物利用指数,初步探讨中药注射剂在儿童患者中的合理评价方法。结果:最终纳入1549例患儿,合理性评分均值为5.43分;适应证合理率最低,仅为45.32%(702/1549);给药浓度均值超过规定范围(0.8~1.5 g/L),最小浓度为0.2 g/L,最大浓度达6.25 g/L。年龄方面,≤1岁患儿的儿童药物利用指数-剂量(cdDUI)>1.1,而>4岁患儿的cdDUI<0.9,不同年龄段患儿的儿童药物利用指数-浓度(ccDUI)均>1,尤以≤6个月为著。体质量方面,≤30 kg患儿的儿童药物利用指数(cDUI)均>1.1,而>30 kg患儿的cDUI均<0.9。结论:从年龄、体质量和平均给药剂量、药物利用指数可见,均存在低年龄或低体重患儿莲必治注射液用药量大,而高年龄或高体质量患儿用药量不足的现象,且均存在给药浓度过高的现象。因此,应加强中药注射剂在儿童中应用的合理性评价。     

Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia or influenza A pneumonia by clinical characteristics and laboratory findings

BackgroundPneumonia caused by the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID‐2019) shares overlapping signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features with influenza A pneumonia. We aimed to identify their clinical characteristics to help early diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively retrieved data for laboratory‐confirmed patients admitted with COVID‐19–induced or influenza A–induced pneumonia from electronic medical records in Ningbo First Hospital, China. We recorded patients'' epidemiological and clinical features, as well as radiologic and laboratory findings.ResultsThe median age of influenza A cohort was higher and it exhibited higher temperature and higher proportion of pleural effusion. COVID‐19 cohort exhibited higher proportions of fatigue, diarrhea and ground‐glass opacity and higher levels of lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, red‐cell count, hemoglobin and albumin and presented lower levels of monocytes, c‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin were independent risk factors for COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count were independent risk factors for influenza A pneumonia.ConclusionsIn terms of COVID‐19 pneumonia and influenza A pneumonia, fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.