Cytokine Expression Pattern and Protein-Protein interaction network analysis of Leucocyte Rich Platelet Rich Fibrin and Injectable Form of Platelet Rich Fibrin

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) such as leucocyte-rich PRF (L-PRF) and injectable form of PRF (i-PRF) are widely used in various surgical applications. L-PRF- and...     

Noninvasive Prediction of Large Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease Patients

Background/Aim:

Esophageal varices (EVs) are a serious consequence of portal hypertension in patients with liver diseases. Several studies have evaluated possible noninvasive markers of EVs to reduce the number of unnecessary endoscopies in patients with cirrhosis but without varices. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate noninvasive predictors of large varices (LV).

Patients and Methods:

The study analyzed 106 patients with liver diseases from January 2007 to March 2008. Relevant clinical parameters assessed included Child-Pugh class, ascites and splenomegaly. Laboratory parameters like hemoglobin level, platelet count, prothrombin time, serum bilirubin, albumin and ultrasonographic characteristics like splenic size, splenic vein size, portal vein diameter were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done on the data for predictors of large EVs.

Results:

Incidence of large varices was seen in 41%. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors for the presence of LV were palpable spleen, low platelet count, spleen size >13.8 mm, portal vein >13 mm, splenic vein >11.5 mm. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed 0.883 area under curve. Platelet spleen diameter ratio 909 had a sensitivity and specificity of 88.5%, 83% respectively.

Conclusion:

Thrombocytopenia, large spleen size, portal vein size and platelet spleen diameter ratio strongly predicts large number of EVs.     

Fibrous tumors in children - a morphologic and interphase cytogenetic analysis of problematic cases

We describe and discuss the findings by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for detection of non-random chromosomal gains, in a group of unusual fibrous lesions in children. Nuclear disaggregation was used to prepare slides from eight cases which were hybridized using alpha-satellite enumeration probes for chromosomes 8, 11 and 17. Trisomy 8 and 11 were detected in a high percentage of nuclei in cases of congenital/infantile fibrosarcomas (ranging from 45 to 80%), and in a low grade fibrosarcoma in an older child (23%). Only gains of chromosome 17 were detected in a case of infantile fibromatosis (22%). In this study we have found that given the unconventional histopathologic features, the detection of more than one non-random chromosomal gains by FISH, may aid in further defining fibrous tumors in children, and may be useful as an ancillary diagnostic test in the future.     

Cytogenetic abnormalities in a secondary lymphoma complicating cardiac transplantation

We report a case of secondary lymphoma in the brain in a cardiac transplant recipient. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. Two clones with unrelated chromosomal abnormalities were noted; in both abnormal clones, trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 11 was observed. Our observations, combined with single cases previously reported, suggest that a gain of the long arm of chromosome 11 may represent a characteristic cytogenetic abnormality that is associated with secondary lymphoma.     

Atypical angiofibroma of larynx — a case report

Primary extra nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of larynx is a very rare tumour. We here by present a case of angiofibroma of larynx affecting the anterior commissure & subglottic region in larynx-a rare site of involvement.     

Atypical angiofibroma of larynx — a case report

Primary extra nasopharyngeal angiofibroma of larynx is a very rare tumour. We here by present a case of angiofibroma of larynx affecting the anterior commissure & subglottic region in larynx-a rare site of involvement.     

Overexpression of Ran GTPase Components Regulating Nuclear Export,but not Mitotic Spindle Assembly,Marks Chromosome Instability and Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer

Background

Ran GTPase regulates nuclear import, nuclear export, and mitotic spindle assembly. The multifunctional involvement of seventeen Ran GTPase components in these processes has complicated research into how each contributes to cancer development.

Objective

To assess whether individual and process-specific misexpression of Ran GTPase components contribute to chromosome instability (CIN) and worsen breast cancer patient prognosis.

Methods

Using publicly available datasets, we studied the degree of misexpression of all Ran GTPase signaling components in breast cancer, assessed their involvement in CIN and used four clinical tests to evaluate whether their misregulation may constitute independent prognostic predictors.

Results

A significant majority of Ran GTPase signaling components is overexpressed in breast cancer. Strikingly, spindle assembly components are overexpressed and associated with CIN with only marginal significance and four independent tests indicate that this does not worsen patient outcome. Overexpression of nuclear import components is neither CIN-associated nor clinically significant. In sharp contrast, overexpression of nuclear export components constitutes a strong independent marker for both CIN and poor patient prognosis. We identify Exportin 2/CSE1L, Exportin 3/XPOT, Exportin 5/XPO5, and RANBP1 as novel potential targets.

Conclusions

We find that overexpression of Ran GTPase components involved in nuclear export, but not nuclear import or mitotic spindle assembly, is a strong CIN-associated marker for poor breast cancer prognosis. This could mean that increased nuclear export (of, for instance, pRb, p53, p73, BRCA1, p21, p27, E2F4, IκB, survivin), rather than spindle defects, mainly drives CIN and tumorigenesis. Hence, selective inhibitors of nuclear export may be effective for treating the most aggressive and chromosomally unstable breast cancers.

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