全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3615篇 |
免费 | 133篇 |
国内免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 70篇 |
儿科学 | 88篇 |
妇产科学 | 24篇 |
基础医学 | 417篇 |
口腔科学 | 108篇 |
临床医学 | 179篇 |
内科学 | 965篇 |
皮肤病学 | 114篇 |
神经病学 | 166篇 |
特种医学 | 94篇 |
外科学 | 708篇 |
综合类 | 63篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 76篇 |
眼科学 | 25篇 |
药学 | 243篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 428篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 56篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 44篇 |
2015年 | 75篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 122篇 |
2012年 | 190篇 |
2011年 | 222篇 |
2010年 | 135篇 |
2009年 | 101篇 |
2008年 | 210篇 |
2007年 | 212篇 |
2006年 | 174篇 |
2005年 | 200篇 |
2004年 | 211篇 |
2003年 | 197篇 |
2002年 | 192篇 |
2001年 | 110篇 |
2000年 | 124篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 49篇 |
1996年 | 42篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 60篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 23篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 17篇 |
1969年 | 12篇 |
1967年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有3775条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
111.
112.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to cause abnormal neurogenesis in the developing neocortex. The mechanisms of BPA toxicity concerning neuroinflammatory-related endpoints are incompletely characterized. To evaluate the microglial morphology and the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the newborn neocortex, ICR mice were exposed to BPA 200 μg/kg/d on gestational day 6 through post-partum day 21. Weanlings exposed during prenatal and postnatal period to BPA showed an increased number of amoeboid-type microglia, a microglial differentiation disruption (the M1/M2 microglial ratio), and an abnormal expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory factors. These findings suggest that the well-known neurodevelopmental toxicity of BPA may be related to an increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the neocortex. 相似文献
113.
Robert Bell Reinier Beeuwkes Hans Erik B?tker Sean Davidson James Downey David Garcia-Dorado Derek J. Hausenloy Gerd Heusch Borja Ibanez Masafumi Kitakaze Sandrine Lecour Robert Mentzer Tetsuji Miura Lionel Opie Michel Ovize Marisol Ruiz-Meana Rainer Schulz Richard Shannon Malcolm Walker Jakob Vinten-Johansen Derek Yellon 《Basic research in cardiology》2012,107(6):1-7
114.
115.
Yokoyama T Saito K Lwin H Yoshiike N Yamamoto A Matsushita Y Date C Tanaka H 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2005,29(4):622-630
BACKGROUND: Elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a traditional biological marker for alcohol abuse and alcoholism, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Three recent epidemiologic studies consistently showed that MCV was elevated by alcohol drinking more markedly among individuals with genetically inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) (encoded by ALDH2*2 mutant allele) than those with active ALDH2 (encoded by ALDH2*1/2*1 genotype), suggesting that the elevated MCV was etiologically linked to acetaldehyde exposure. The purpose of the present study was to clarify further this relationship by examining the status of folate and vitamin B12. METHODS: The study participants were 159 men who were aged 40 to 69 years and randomly selected from a Japanese rural population. The genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method; data on alcohol drinking and other lifestyles were collected using a structured questionnaire; serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B12 were measured using the protein competitive reaction method, and blood cell counts were measured by routine methods. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the data. RESULTS:: The relationship between alcohol drinking and serum folate concentration was significantly different between ALDH2 genotypes, indicating that the reduction of serum folate by alcohol drinking was more marked in men with ALDH2*1/2*2 than those with ALDH2*1/2*1. The relationship between alcohol drinking and elevated MCV was significantly stronger in men with ALDH2*1/2*2 than those with ALDH2*1/2*1 even after adjustment for serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that acetaldehyde plays a significant role in the development of decreased serum folate concentration and elevated MCV by alcohol drinking. 相似文献
116.
Shuichi Nagashima Tetsuji Wakabayashi Naoko Saito Manabu Takahashi Kenta Okada Ken Ebihara Shun Ishibashi 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2020,11(5):1363-1365
Type A insulin resistance (IR) syndrome is a severe IR form caused by insulin receptor (INSR) gene defects. Antidiabetic drugs, including high‐dose insulin and insulin‐sensitizing agents, often fail to control associated hyperglycemia. Therapy with recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor 1 can be more effective, but it is expensive. We report a case of type A IR syndrome with an in‐frame INSR heterozygous deletion (ΔLeu999) that was treated with a combination of conventional therapy and ipragliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Treatment reduced hemoglobin A1c levels (10.0–7.5%) and induced weight loss (54.4–52.0 kg) within 2 months, and the effects were sustained for >3 years. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might be useful to normalize blood glucose in type A IR syndrome by reducing bodyweight and ameliorating glucotoxicity. 相似文献
117.
Active oxygen species generated by monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in Crohn's disease 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tetsuji Kitahora MD Koichi Suzuki MD Hitoshi Asakura MD Takeshi Yoshida MD Makoto Suematsu MD Mamoru Watanabe MD Sadakazu Aiso MD Dr. Masaharu Tsuchiya MD 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1988,33(8):951-955
Chemiluminescence (CL) analysis of monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was performed on 13 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 10 healthy volunteers. The percentages of monocyte populations in mononuclear cells obtained from the patients with CD were greater than those from the healthy volunteers, but the numbers of PMNs were not different between the two groups. The peak level of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced CL activity generated by diluted whole blood from the patients with CD was more significantly elevated than that from the healthy volunteers, whereas the peak levels of opsonized zymosan-induced CL activity did not differ between the two groups. In monocytes, the peak levels of both PMA- and opsonized zymosan-induced CL activity were significantly higher in the patients with CD than in the healthy volunteers. CL in PMNs, however, showed no significant difference between CD and controls. It is suggested that monocytes of CD have a large capacity to generate active oxygen species. The present study suggests that excessive active oxygen species released by monocytes and perhaps macrophages may play an important role in formation of the intestinal lesions in CD.This work was supported by the Grant of Tokuteishitsukan from the Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Health. 相似文献
118.
Iseki K Hagino S Zhang Y Mori T Sato N Yokoya S Hozumi Y Goto K Tase C 《Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan)》2011,32(6):373-378
Testican, a chondroitin/heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is primarily expressed in neurons of the adult and embryonic mouse brain, suggesting its role in normal and/or proliferation and differentiation processes of neurons. However, the role of testican in injured brain remains unclear. In the present study we investigated testican-1 mRNA expression pattern after cryo-injury of the brain. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that testican-1 mRNA is induced in the region surrounding the necrotic tissue. Time course study of testican-1 mRNA showed the highest level of signal intensity at 7 days after the injury. To determine which cell types express testican-1 mRNA, we performed in situ hybridization histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry of several cell markers. Testican-1 mRNA signals were detected in the proximal reactive astrocytes, whereas the distribution pattern of testican-1 mRNA positive cells was different from those of mature oligodendrocytes and activated microglia. In addition, signals for testican-1 mRNA overlapped with those of FGF-2 mRNA, showing that these molecules are coexpressed in reactive astrocytes. These results suggest a possibility that testican-1 plays a permissive role for regenerating axons in reactive astrocytes after injury. 相似文献
119.
Bradykinin Stimulates Type II Alveolar Cells to Release Neutrophil and Monocyte Chemotactic Activity and Inflammatory Cytokines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Sekiya Koyama Etsuro Sato Hiroshi Nomura Keishi Kubo Masakazu Miura Tetsuji Yamashita Sonoko Nagai Takateru Izumi 《The American journal of pathology》1998,153(6):1885-1893
In the present study, we evaluated the potential of bradykinin (BK) to induce the release of neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity (NCA and MCA) and cytokines from an alveolar type II epithelial cell line, A549 cells. BK stimulated A549 cells to release NCA and MCA in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.001). Checkerboard analysis revealed that both NCA and MCA involved chemotactic and chemokinetic activity. Molecular sieve column chromatography showed three molecular weight masses (near 19 kd, 8 kd, and 400 d) for NCA and several molecular weight peaks (near 66 kd, 25 kd, 19 kd, 16 kd, and 400 d) for MCA. The release of NCA and MCA was inhibited by cycloheximide and lipoxygenase inhibitors (P < 0.01). The NCA and MCA were inhibited by leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist (P < 0.01), and the concentration of LTB4 was high enough for NCA and MCA. Antibodies to interleukin (IL)-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) attenuated NCA (P < 0.01), and antibodies to monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), G-CSF, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β attenuated MCA (P < 0.01). The levels of IL-8, G-CSF, MCP-1, and TGF-β increased time dependently (P < 0.01). BK also stimulated the release of ILeukin-6 from A549 cells (P < 0.001). The receptors responsible for the release of NCA, MCA, and individual chemokines involved both BKB1 and BKB2 receptors. These data suggest that BK may stimulate alveolar type II pneumocytes to release inflammatory cytokines, which then may modulate the lung inflammation. 相似文献
120.