2015 - 2018年陕西省死因监测网报病例来源分析

目的 解陕西省死因监测病例来源分布,为提高死因监测数据的完整性和准确性提供依据。方法 从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统 - 死因报告信息系统》中导出的陕西省13个国家级死因监测点2015 - 2018年的网报数据进行分析。结果 2015 - 2018年陕西省13个国家级监测点共报告死亡病例129 740例,其中男性75 773例,女性53 688例。分别报告32 489例、33 212例、31 533例和32 227例死亡病例,各年性别比例均衡,趋势无统计学意义（趋势χ2 = 1.84,P = 0.17）。死亡病例主要来源于乡镇卫生院,占58.80%～61.51%,其次为社区卫生服务中心和县及县以上综合医院,二者分别报告占17.60%～19.81%和17.19%～18.69%（趋势χ2 = 27.79,P＜0.01）,在家中死亡的比例占绝大多数,73.06%～76.52%,死于医疗卫生机构的占17.67%～19.93%（趋势χ2 = 38.81,P＜0.01）。死亡病例生前最高诊断单位以二级医院（占46.36%～49.93%）和三级医院（占41.75%～45.63%）为主（趋势χ2 = 48.80,P＜0.01）,最高诊断依据以临床+理化为主（占60.74%～63.57%）。结论 陕西省死因监测中发现虽然大多数病人在二级或三级医院就诊,且这一比例逐年提高,但绝大多数死亡病例死于家中,主要由乡镇卫生院专干完成死亡病例卡网报。因此,在今后工作中应加强对乡镇卫生院及社区卫生服务中心的培训,定期开展数据查漏补报和质量核查工作。     

西安市50岁以上居民食物频率问卷准确性及重现性研究

目的对用于评价西安城区居民膳食营养状况的西安食物频率问卷(FFQ)的重现性和准确性进行食物组的研究。方法在西安城区随机抽取出125名50～80岁当地居民,共完成6轮的食物摄入情况的调查,其中4轮24小时膳食回顾调查(24HDRs)的结果作为参考,通过第一轮FFQ结果与第二轮FFQ以及4轮24HDRs结果之间的比较分别进行FFQ的重现性和准确性研究。结果各个食物组在两轮FFQ间的Spearman相关系数在0.38(糕点类)～0.74(茶类)。第二轮FFQ与4轮24HDRs均值间的相关系数在0.12～0.74之间,经过个体内方差校正后,相关系数均有所提高。结论西安食物频率问卷可以相对准确、可靠地评价西安城区50岁以上居民的膳食营养状况。     

老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略

目的：促进老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的安全性及合理性。方法：根据全国各省制定的新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药预防方案，结合老年人的生理特质、病理情况、基础疾病及用药特点进行分析。结果：提出老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎中药防治的合理用药策略。结论：老年人作为预防新冠病毒感染的重点人群，应加强合理用药干预，确保中药用药安全有效。     

Synthesized MR images: comparison with acquired images

Synthesized and directly acquired spin-echo images were compared in order to assess the validity of magnetic resonance (MR) image synthesis as a method enabling retrospective formation of images by interactive manipulation of scan parameters. Synthetic images subjectively compared favorably in both accuracy and precision with acquired images when formed for the same values of echo (TE) and repetition times (TR) and for interpolated and extrapolated values of both TE and TR. Plots of synthetic and acquired signals within the same pixel sectors quantitatively showed comparable values for several regions of interest in the brain. Percent error and noise-normalized differences between acquired and synthetic images were tested as a quantitative measure of accuracy. Percent error was consistently less than 5% for brain parenchyma, and synthetic signals were accurate to within four times the noise level at acquisition. The apparent signal-to-noise ratio of synthetic images was comparable, superior, or inferior to similar acquired images, depending on the values of TE and TR. Total acquisition time required for synthetic formation of images for arbitrary values of TE and TR was equivalent to that of a single direct acquisition with a TR of 2,500 msec.     

Malaria in Mazandaran,Northern Iran: Passive Case Finding During 1997-2012

Background

Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in tropical and temperate regions. The aim of this study was to determine the trend of malaria in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran during 1997-2012.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted from 1997 to 2012. The population''s study was individuals who registered at health centers of Mazandaran Province. Peripheral blood smear were prepared for each case, stained with Giemsa and examined by light microscope. In addition to demographic data, other parameters including Slide Positive Rate (SPR), Annual Parasite Incidence (API) and Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) were analyzed.

Results

In total, 844 cases of malaria were reported. Plasmodium vivax was predominant species with 821 cases (97.4%). The number of malaria cases increased from 1997 to 2005 and then decreased to 3 cases in 2011. Some cities had not reported any cases during last three years. The highest infection rate, 163(20.07%), was seen in 2001-02. The SPR had the highest value (0.54%) in 2004-05. The maximum API and ABER were observed in 2001-02 and 1997-98. 641(75.9%) of cases were imported from hyperendemic areas such as Afghanistan and South-eastern Iran and 94 (11.1%) malaria patients were recorded as introduced cases. The highest infection rate of malaria (21.3%) was seen in Babolsar.

Conclusion

Extensive malaria control should be continued to Mazandaran to become malaria-free region and in prevention of re-introduction stage.     

蒙药胃舒安对束缚-水浸应激致胃溃疡的预防作用及对TGF-β1表达的影响

[目的]评价蒙药胃舒安对束缚-水浸应激所致大鼠胃溃疡的预防作用。[方法]将Wistar实验大鼠,分正常组、给药组和对照组3组,正常组不给药,无束缚-水浸应激压力,对照组给淀粉,给药组灌胃给蒙药胃舒安,给药剂量为0．9～1．3mL／只（82．5g／L）,连续给胃舒安7d后,停食24h,建立3h束缚-水浸应激性胃溃疡模型,取胃,肉眼观察胃黏膜损伤,用Image J图像分析法测定胃黏膜溃疡面积,并进行比较。用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测胃溃疡大鼠血清转化生长因子（TGF-β1）含量并进行比较。[结果]蒙药胃舒安对3h束缚-水浸应激所致大鼠胃溃疡形成有抑制作用。胃舒安组大鼠血清TGF-β1含量明显低于对照组。[结论]蒙药胃舒安对实验大鼠束缚-水浸应激3h所致胃溃疡的形成有显著抑制作用。     

五禽戏联合推拿对原发性痛经患者中医证候及血清TNF-α、CD4+、OT、β-EP表达的影响

目的:观察五禽戏联合推拿治疗原发性痛经(PD)的临床疗效及对患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、CD4+、催产素(OT)及β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平的影响.方法:选取80例PD女大学生,按随机数字表法分为对照组、五禽戏组、推拿组及五禽戏+推拿组,对照组给予田七痛经胶囊治疗,其余3组分别给予五禽戏、推拿及五禽戏+推拿...     

Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Canadians 55 to 74 years of age: results from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys, 1986-1992

BACKGROUND: By 2016, the proportion of Canadians older than 65 years of age will increase to 16%, and there will be an increase in the absolute number of cases of cardiovascular disease in older Canadians. The Canadian Heart Health Surveys database provides information about this population upon which health policy related to cardiovascular disease can be based. This paper presents for the first time population-based data on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in older Canadians. METHODS: Canadians from all 10 provinces participated in surveys of cardiovascular risk factors; health insurance registries were used as sampling frames. In each province, probability samples of 2200 adults 18 to 74 years old not living in institutions, on reserves or in military camps were asked to participate in interviews and to undergo testing at clinics for major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: A total of 2739 men (response rate 70%) and 2617 women (response rate 66%) aged 55 to 74 years participated in the survey and also provided follow-up clinical measurements at the clinic. Overall, 52% of participants were hypertensive, 26% had isolated systolic hypertension, and 30% had a total blood cholesterol level of 6.2 mmol/L or greater. Rates of current smoking were lower in women than men (17% v. 22%). Overall, 87% of men and 78% of women who were current smokers smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day. Only slightly more than half of participants exercised at least once a week for at least 15 minutes, and almost half had a body mass index of 27 or greater. In only 4% was no major risk factor for cardiovascular disease detected. INTERPRETATION: Significant numbers of older Canadians have one or more major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Many of these risk factors are amenable to modification.     

浅谈中西医结合治疗癌性疼痛

癌性疼痛是肿瘤最为常见的临床症状之一,如何有效地控制癌性疼痛,改善癌症病人的生活质量,延长生存期已成为全球关注的焦点。WHO调查认为:进展期癌症和终末期癌症病人约75%～90%以疼痛为主要临床症状,经过治疗90%的癌性疼痛可缓解。单纯运用西医的三阶梯镇痛疗法会导致病人药物成瘾性及较大的毒副作用;而单纯运用中医药疗法止痛效果不甚显著。因此,将中西医疗法结合运用到治疗癌性疼痛上,将成为今后癌症病人综合治疗的重要环节,尤其近年来中医学以其独特的理论体系,辨病辨证相结合,采用中药内服、外用、针灸等方法,对癌性疼痛的治疗研究取得了满意的进展。