应用个案管理模式提高乳腺癌患者首次复查率

目的探讨应用个案管理模式对提高乳腺癌患者治疗后首次复查率的影响。方法回顾选择2015年1月至2015年3月,在我科新确诊为乳腺癌,接受常规医疗护理治疗的64例患者设为常规医疗护理组;选择2016年1月至2016年3月,在我科接受常规医疗护理治疗并同时应用个案管理模式的81例乳腺癌患者设为个案管理模式组,两组均在完成手术(或结束辅助治疗后)被告知三个月后返院首次复查,比较个案管理模式应用前后患者的首次复查率。结果常规医疗护理组的首次复查率为65.63%,个案管理模式组的首次复查率为87.65%,提高了22.02%,两组患者的复查率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),个案管理模式组优于常规医疗护理组。结论个案管理模式的应用能提高乳腺癌患者治疗后的首次复查率。     

Collagen gel contraction as a measure of fibroblast function in an animal model of subsynovial connective tissue fibrosis

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by non‐inflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissues (SSCT). A rabbit model of CTS was developed to test the hypothesis that SSCT fibrosis causes the neuropathy. We used a cell‐seeded collagen‐gel contraction model to characterize the fibrosis in this model in terms of cellular mechanics, specifically to compare the ability of SSCT cells from the rabbit model and normal rabbits to contract the gel, and to assess the effect of transforming growth factor‐β1,which is upregulated in CTS, on these cells. SSCT fibrosis was induced in six retired breeder female rabbits which were sacrificed at 6 weeks (N = 3) and 12 weeks (n = 3). An additional two rabbits served as controls. SSCT was harvested according to a standard protocol. Gels seeded with SSCT cells from rabbits sacrificed at 6 weeks had significantly higher tensile strength (p < 0.001) and Young's modulus (p < 0.001) than gels seeded with cells from rabbits sacrificed at 12 weeks or control animals. TGF‐β1 significantly increased the decay time constant (p < 0.001), tensile strength (p < 0.001), and Young's modulus (p < 0.001) regardless of the cell source. This model may be useful in screening therapeutic agents that may block SSCT fibrosis, identifying possible candidates for CTS treatment. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:668–674, 2015.     

Prostate cancer detection upon transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen level: what to expect in the Chinese population?

We investigated the prostate cancer detection rates upon transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy in relation to digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and risk factors of prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population. Data from all consecutive Chinese men who underwent first TRUS-guided prostate biopsy from year 2000 to 2013 was retrieved from our database. The prostate cancer detection rates with reference to DRE finding and PSA level of < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml⁻¹ were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate for potential risk factors of prostate cancer detection. A total of 2606 Chinese men were included. In patients with normal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 8.6%, 13.4%, 21.8%, 41.7% and 85.2% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml⁻¹ respectively. In patients with abnormal DRE, the cancer detection rates were 12.4%, 30.2%, 52.7%, 80.6% and 96.4% in patients with PSA < 4, 4–10, 10.1–20, 20.1–50 and > 50 ng ml⁻¹ respectively. Older age, smaller prostate volume, larger number of biopsy cores, presence of abnormal DRE finding and higher PSA level were associated with increased risk of prostate cancer detection upon multivariate logistic regression analyses (P < 0.001). Chinese men appeared to have lower prostate cancer detection rates when compared to the Western population. Taking the different risk factors into account, an individualized approach to the decision of TRUS-guided biopsy can be adopted.     

Declines in violence and police arrest among female sex workers in Karnataka state,south India,following a comprehensive HIV prevention programme

Introduction

Female sex workers (FSWs) frequently experience violence, harassment and arrest by the police or their clients, but there is little evidence as to the impact that such factors may have on HIV risk or whether community interventions could mitigate this impact.

Methods

As part of the evaluation of the Avahan programme in Karnataka, serial integrated behavioural and biological assessment (IBBA) surveys (four districts) (2005 to 2011) and anonymous polling booth surveys (PBS) (16 districts) (2007 to 2011) were conducted with random samples of FSWs. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess 1) changes in reported violence and arrests over time and 2) associations between violence by non-partners and police arrest and HIV/STI risk and prevalence. Mediation analysis was used to identify mediating factors.

Results

5,792 FSWs participated in the IBBAs and 15,813 participated in the PBS. Over time, there were significant reductions in the percentages of FSWs reporting being raped in the past year (PBS) (30.0% in 2007, 10.0% in 2011, p<0.001), being arrested in the past year [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.57 (0.35, 0.93), p=0.025] and being beaten in the past six months by a non-partner (clients, police, pimps, strangers, rowdies) [AOR 0.69 (0.49, 0.95), p=0.024)] (IBBA). The proportion drinking alcohol (during the past week) also fell significantly (32.5% in 2005, 24.9% in 2008, 16.8% in 2011; p<0.001). Violence by non-partners (being raped in the past year and/or beaten in the past six months) and being arrested in the past year were both strongly associated with HIV infection [AOR 1.59 (1.18, 2.15), p=0.002; AOR 1.91 (1.17, 3.12), p=0.01, respectively]. They were also associated with drinking alcohol (during the past week) [AOR 1.98 (1.54, 2.53), p<0.001; AOR 2.79 (1.93, 4.04), p<0.001, respectively], reduced condom self-efficacy with clients [AOR 0.36 (0.27, 0.47), p<0.001; AOR 0.62 (0.39, 0.98), p=0.039, respectively], symptomatic STI (during the past year) [AOR 2.62 (2.07, 3.30), p<0.001; AOR 2.17 (1.51, 3.13), p<0.001, respectively], gonorrhoea infection [AOR 2.79 (1.51, 5.15), p=0.001; AOR 2.69 (0.96, 7.56), p=0.060, respectively] and syphilis infection [AOR 1.86 (1.04, 3.31), p=0.036; AOR 3.35 (1.78, 6.28), p<0.001, respectively], but not with exposure to peer education, community mobilization or HIV testing uptake. Mediation analysis suggests that alcohol use and STIs may partially mediate the association between violence or arrests and HIV prevalence.

Discussion

Violence by non-partners and arrest are both strongly associated with HIV infection among FSWs. Large-scale, comprehensive HIV prevention programming can reduce violence, arrests and HIV/STI infection among FSWs.     

经皮穿刺联合内镜下胃造瘘术的临床应用

目的探讨经皮穿刺内镜下胃造瘘术(percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,PEG)的临床应用价值。方法 2003年5月～2010年5月,因各种原因造成的经口进食困难引起营养不良需长期营养支持的患者66例,在本院内镜中心行PEG,术后给予肠内营养。结果所有患者成功完成内镜下胃造瘘术,平均耗时20min。术后跟踪随访,所有患者造瘘管置入后营养迅速恢复,停止静脉补液。造瘘管最长留置时间2年。5例患者发生造瘘管周围皮肤感染,6例出现反流性食管炎,2例发生造瘘管旁渗血,对症处理后治愈。无消化道出血、腹膜炎等严重并发症。结论 PEG是作为胃肠减压和肠内营养替代鼻饲的一种新的治疗方法 ,其技术操作简单易行、安全、有效并发症少,创伤小,值得临床推广应用。     

葫芦素E抑制多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖及与阿霉素的协同效应?

目的：研究葫芦素 E 对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并观察葫芦素 E 与阿霉素的协同效应。方法采用 CCK-8测定葫芦素 E 对4种多发性骨髓瘤细胞 MM1.S、MM1.R、U266和 RPMI8226的半数生长抑制率(GI50),并通过 CalcuSyn 协同效应分析软件,计算药物合用指数(CI),评价葫芦素 E 与阿霉素协同抗多发性骨髓瘤作用;流式细胞术检测葫芦素 E 对 MM1.S、MM1.R 的细胞周期、线粒体膜电位和细胞凋亡的影响;Western blot 检测凋亡相关蛋白 Caspase-3和 PARP 的变化,以及葫芦素 E 对 IL-10刺激的 RPMI8226细胞STAT3蛋白磷酸化的抑制作用。结果葫芦素 E 对4种多发性骨髓瘤细胞的 GI50均在(12.3~161.7)nM 范围内;葫芦素 E 导致多发性骨髓瘤细胞的 SubG1期细胞比例、凋亡细胞比例和线粒体膜电位下降细胞比例均明显增加,并出现凋亡相关的活化蛋白如 Cleaved Caspase-3和 Cleaved-PARP。葫芦素 E 能有效抑制 IL-10诱导的RPMI8226细胞 STAT3磷酸化,并能与阿霉素协同抗多发性骨髓瘤。结论葫芦素 E 通过抑制 STAT3蛋白磷酸化,诱导多发性骨髓瘤细胞凋亡,并能协同阿霉素抗多发性骨髓瘤。     

Comparison between a new acceleration transducer and a conventional force transducer in the evaluation of twitch responses

An acceleration transducer elicits an output voltage proportional to the deformation of the piezo crystal, in accordance with the twitch responses of the applied fingers. The reliability of such a transducer was evaluated by comparing induced twitch responses with those from a force transducer applied on the contralateral arm of an individual during neuromuscular block with vecuronium. The results obtained from twitch responses with the acceleration transducer during neuromuscular block were almost identical to those obtained with the force transducer. Also, the twitch heights due to acceleration of the examined thumb correlated extremely well with the twitch height due to twitch tension with the force transducer. It is concluded that the acceleration transducer may be a useful and reliable device for monitoring neuromuscular block, although responses during tetanic stimulation such as tetanic fade cannot be determined by the transducer.     

Modulation of epidermal terminal differentiation in patients after long-term topical corticosteroids.

The expression of the various markers for terminal epidermal differentiation in atrophic skin of patients after long-term topical corticosteroids (TCS) was studied by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence using antibody to profilaggrin/filaggrin (PF/FG), immunoperoxidase staining using antibody to involucrin, and oil red O stain for neural lipids of the stratum corneum. Thirty-nine patients were subdivided into two groups: (A) 19 patients suffering from rebound phenomenon after stopping TCS and (B) 20 patients without rebound phenomenon. Biopsy specimens were taken before ending the use of TCS in both groups. In group A, both the morphological markers (including the different epidermal strata, keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules, and cornified cell envelopes) and the molecular markers (including involucrin, PF/FG, and neutral lipids) of terminal epidermal differentiation were significantly suppressed. On the other hand, the differentiational markers in the atrophic skin of patients without rebound phenomena were only slightly altered. These results suggest that potent TCS not only has antiproliferative actions but also inhibits the differentiation of epidermis, resulting in structural defects in the epidermis, especially the stratum corneum.     

基于辅助化疗前血清白蛋白水平的列线图预测胃癌患者术后复发及远期生存

[目的]对于胃癌根治术后接受辅助化疗的患者,构建基于化疗开始前血清白蛋白水平的预后预测模型。[方法]回顾性分析根治术后接受辅助化疗的胃癌患者的临床、病理资料以及生存数据;依据时间依赖性受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)确定白蛋白水平的最佳截断值;采用多因素Cox回归分析校正混杂因素,探讨白蛋白水平对无病生存期(disease-free survival,DFS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)的影响;绘制预测列线图并进行验证。[结果]共纳入121例患者,白蛋白对12个月OS影响的曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)为0.69(95%CI:0.55~0.83),白蛋白最佳截断值为37.0 g/L。Cox回归分析结果提示化疗前血清白蛋白<37.0 g/L、低/差分化肿瘤和存在癌结节是增加患者复发及死亡风险的独立因素。基于3个参数构建的列线图预测DFS和OS的c-指数分别为0.671(95%CI:0.526~0.816)和0.649(95%CI:0.553~0.745),校准曲线基本沿45°线分布。[结论]对于接受辅助化疗的胃癌根治术后患者,基于化疗开始前血清白蛋白水平的列线图可用于预测复发、转移和生存结局。