游离腓骨(皮)瓣移植修复上肢长段骨缺损

目的 探讨游离腓骨(皮)瓣移植修复上肢长段骨缺损的临床应用及效果.方法 自2000年6月至2010年12月,应用游离腓骨骨瓣修复上肢长段骨缺损12例,其中携带皮瓣4例.男11例,女1例;年龄19～ 55岁,平均35岁.修复肱骨缺损2例,尺骨缺损6例,桡骨缺损4例.腓骨瓣切取范围1.5 cm× 2.0 cm～ 12.0 cm× 16.0 cm,腓骨移植长度6.0～ 20.0 cm.结果 12例均成功并获得随访,随访时间平均2年5个月.4例携带皮瓣全部存活;创面Ⅰ期愈合11例,Ⅱ期愈合1例,愈合时间12～18 d;腓骨移植骨愈合时间3～6个月,平均4个月.应用Enneking上肢功能标准评分为22～29分,平均27分;供区无功能障碍.结论 游离腓骨(皮)瓣移植修复上肢长段骨缺损可一期完成骨缺损修复,且可同时解决软组织缺损.虽难度大、风险高,但仍是一种很理想的治疗方法.     

原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部血管紧张素Ⅱ表达与肾脏纤维化相关

目的 研究原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）组分的表达及其相互调节,探讨肾内血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）表达与临床病理损伤指标间的关系。 方法 采用免疫组织化学方法评价肾脏局部RAS组分的表达。分析36例原发性IgA肾病患者肾脏局部RAS组分表达之间的相关性以及肾内AngⅡ表达与血压、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、24 h尿蛋白量和Katafuchi肾脏病理评分之间的相关性。 结果 肾内肾素、血管紧张素原与AngⅡ表达呈正相关（r ＝ 0.43,P < 0.01;r ＝ 0.34,P < 0.05）。肾内AngⅡ表达与eGFR呈负相关（r ＝ -0.61,P < 0.01）,并与病理慢性积分及间质炎性细胞浸润积分呈正相关（ρ ＝ 0.39,P < 0.05;ρ ＝ 0.52,P < 0.05）。 结论 IgA肾病患者肾内AngⅡ表达与肾内肾素、血管紧张素原表达相关,并且肾内AngⅡ表达与肾脏纤维化程度相关。     

肝移植后因药物不良反应暂停及转换钙调磷酸酶抑制剂的单中心经验

目的 研究肝移植术后暂停及转换钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(CNI)对控制感染和改善受损肾功能的作用.方法 回顾性分析单中心施行的947例原位肝移植的资料,分为2个阶段,第1阶段(2002年1月至2007年12月)有234例肝移植术后发生感染的患者,第2阶段(2008年1月至2010年12月)有101例.2个阶段共有329例受者因CNI肾毒性而造成肾功能损害,其中将CNI转换为SRL者40例(转换组),其余289例采取CNI减量+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)加量方案(减量组).结果 肝移植术后存活超过1、3和5年者CNI的应用率分别为95.8%、95.3%和97.5%.第2阶段共有17例受者短期停用免疫抑制剂,停药的主要原因是细菌(部分合并真菌)感染(88.2%);2个阶段共有48例患者将CNI转换为SRL,换药主要原因是肾功能损害(83.3%).第2阶段感染患者中短期暂停CNI者15例,占14.9%(15/101),CNI暂停后感染控制的有效率为73.3%(11/15),排斥反应发生率为6.7%(1/15).第2阶段感染患者的累积存活率明显高于第1阶段(P＜0.05).转换组CNI转换前肾小球滤过率为(0.82±0.24)ml/s,CNI转换后6周时为(1.28±0.31)ml/s,6个月时为(1.36±0.32)ml/s,转换后6周和6个月时高于转换前(P＜0.05).CNI调整后6个月时,转换组患者存活率为85.0%,减量组为83.7%(P＞0.05).结论 肝移植术后患者发生感染及肾功能损害时可采取CNI减量甚至短时间停用CNI,或转换使用SRL,此方案是安全、有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To report the results of a single-center, retrospective study on the effect of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) withdraw for controlling infections and conversion to sirolimus (SRL)for ameliorating renal dysfunction. Methods A total of 947 liver transplant cases from 2002 to 2010were divided into two eras (Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2007 and Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2010). There were 234cases of infections after liver transplantation (LT) in the first era and 101 cases in the second era. And of 329 cases of CNI-related renal dysfunction after LT in two eras, 40 cases (converting group) had converted CNI to SRL, while 289 cases (reducing group) adopted protocol of CNI reducing and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) raising. Results CNI-based IS took up 95.8 %, 95. 3 %, 97. 5 % of the IS protocols with recipient survival time longer than 1, 3, and 5 years. The primary cause for CNI withdraw was infection (88. 2 %, 15/17) in the second era, and renal dysfunction for conversion to SRL in the two eras (83. 3 %, 40/48). In the second era, 14. 9% (15/101) of the cases of infections after LT experienced CNI withdraw. Of the 15 patients, 11 had effectively controlled the infection (77. 3 %) while rejection rate was 6. 7 % (1/15). The cumulative survival rate of the second era was significantly higher than the first era (P＜0. 05). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of converting group at 6th week and 6th month was statistically elevated as compared with that before conversion,respectively (1.28 ± 0. 31, 1.36 ± 0. 32 mL/s vs. 0. 82 ± 0. 24 mL/s, P＜0. 05). Six months after CNI adjustments, survival rate of converting group and reducing group was 85. 0% and 83. 7 %,respectively (P＞0. 05). Conclusion Reducing or even short-term withdraw of CNI may allow the better control of infections after LT, and the conversion from CNI to SRL can ameliorate the CNIrelated nephrotoxicity. These individually tailored IS protocols will benefit the long term survival for LT.     

带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征

目的 总结带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术治疗肘管综合征的手术方法及临床效果.方法 2005年9月-2006年5月,采用保留尺侧下副动脉在尺神经上的吻合支,行带血供尺神经松解前置术治疗25例肘管综合征.男19例,女6例:年龄20～72岁,平均60岁.发病至手术时间2个月～3年,平均6.7个月.发病原因:骨性关节炎23例,肘管内囊肿及尺神经滑脱各1例.术前按Pasque肘管综合征评分系统评定:可19例,差6例.电生理检查:肘关节周围尺神经运动神经传导速度<42 m/s.结果 术后切口均1期愈合,无手术并发症及复发患者.25例术后均获随访,随访时间1年～2年半,平均13.9个月.按Pasque肘管综合征评分系统评定:优15例,良9例,可1例,优良率96%;与术前评定结果比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).电生理检查;肘关节周围尺神经运动神经传导速度>42m/s.结论 带尺侧下副动脉尺神经松解前置术是治疗肘管综合征的安全有效方法之一.     

乳腺中心蒂和内上蒂结合的乳房缩小术

目的：为了保证乳房皮肤血运、乳头感觉功能正常及提高乳房术后远期效果，我们设计应用乳腺中心蒂与内上蒂结合的手术方法。方法：从2003年～2007年我们为25位病人实施乳房缩小手术。主要步骤包括：以乳头乳晕为中心设计乳腺中心蒂的范围，然后向乳房内上方延伸形成乳腺内上蒂。用改良的Wise-pattern皮肤切除和乳晕周围真皮瓣形成。结果：3个月～3年随访，使用上述方法的病人对乳房形态比较满意，乳头-乳晕感觉较好。结论：我们根据不同乳房的解剖特点和固定的参考标记，对腺体、皮肤和乳头-乳晕复合体周围真皮瓣按设计形成，然后再将这三者紧密地结合起来。与以往的手术方法相比，我们的设计方法更灵活，手术操作更个性化。远期观察，此方法可靠、效果好。     

关节镜辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

Objective To investigate the role of arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures. Methods Twelve cases of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated from 2004 to 2007 were reviewed. In these cases, open reduction and internal fixation were performed with the assistance of wrist arthroscopy to observe the alignment of the articular surface. CT scan was obtained postoperatively to evaluate joint alignment, radial height, volar tilting and radial inclination. Recovery of the wrist function was also followed. Results The average postoperative follow up period was 24 months. None of the 12 cases was found to have any "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist. X-ray measurement showed radial height averaged 12 mm (7 to 15 mm), volar tilting averaged 5° (1° to9°) and radial inclination averaged 20 °(14° to28°). Range of motion of the wrist joint achieved 33° of flexion on average ( 18° to 42°) and 38° of extension on average (21° to 42°). Six cases had mild pain during motion. According to Gartland / Werley' s criteria, the result was excellent in 5 eases and good in 7. Conclusion Arthroscope-assisted treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures can avoid "step" appearance of the articular surface of the wrist, thus achieve maximal functional recovery of the wrist.     

微管干预剂对大鼠缺氧心肌细胞能量生成的影响

目的 了解缺氧条件下微管干预剂对大鼠心肌细胞能量生成的影响。方法 常规分离、培养大鼠心肌细胞，分为单纯缺氧组、缺氧＋秋水仙碱（微管解聚剂）组及缺氧＋5、10、15 mmol／L紫杉醇（微管稳定剂）组。每组细胞加入刺激剂后，缺氧培养0．5、1．0、3．0、6．0、12．0、24．0h。采用锥虫蓝染色检测细胞死亡率，常规比色法检测细胞肌酸激酶（CK）活性，高效液相色谱法检测细胞腺苷三磷酸（ATP）及腺苷二磷酸（ADP）含量。结果 （1）缺氧＋秋水仙碱组及缺氧＋15mmol／L紫杉醇组细胞培养1．0～24．0h死亡率均高于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．01）；缺氧＋5、10mmoL／L紫杉醇组6．0～24．0h时均低于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．05）。（2）缺氧＋秋水仙碱组培养1．0～12．0h时CK活性均高于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．01）。0．5～12．0h时，缺氧＋15mmoL／L紫杉醇组CK活性均高于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．01）；缺氧＋5、10mmol／L紫杉醇组低于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。（3）缺氧＋5mmol／L紫杉醇组培养0．5～6．0h ATP含量[（49．9±2．8）、（40．7±2．0）、（25．8±1．9）、（19．1±1．2）μg／10^6个细胞]高于单纯缺氧组[（42．9±5．8）、（29．5±1．8）、（18．2±0．9）、（14．1±0．7）μg／10^6个细胞，P〈0．05或P〈0．01]。0．5～12．0 h时，缺氧＋秋水仙碱组低于单纯缺氧组（P〈0．01）；缺氧＋15mmol／L紫杉醇组低于单纯缺氧组及缺氧＋10mmol／L紫杉醇组（P〈0．01）。各组ADP含量变化趋势与ATP相反。结论 微管解聚剂和高浓度微管稳定剂可使缺氧心肌细胞ATP含量锐减。适宜浓度的微管稳定剂在缺氧早期可促进心肌细胞能量生成，对心肌具有保护作用。     

《中华烧伤杂志》2003-2005年载文与引文及著者的统计分析

目的了解《中华烧伤杂志》载文、引文及著者的特点。方法用文献计量学方法对《中华烧伤杂志）2003--2005年的载文、引文和著者的情况进行统计分析。结果《中华烧伤杂志》3年内共载文741篇，每期平均载文量41篇，篇密度为0．59，基金论文占19．7％；著者来自我国31个省、自治区、直辖市及美国，合著率87．9％，合作度3．94人；78．7％的论文有引文，90．6％的引文来自期刊．引文语种主要为英文，普莱斯指数为65．6％。结论《中华烧伤杂志》是一本高质量的学术期刊，具有广泛的社会影响力，积极推动着我国烧伤医学的发展和建设。     

颈胸段脊柱脊髓损伤前路减压、钛网和钢板内固定术的疗效评价

目的研究颈胸段骨折、脱位前路减压、钛网、Codman/Slimlock钢板内固定重建术的治疗效果。方法对16例颈胸段脊柱骨折、脱位的患者行颈胸段前路C7、T1、C6,7或C7~T1椎体次全切除、钛网及Codman、Slimlock锁定型颈椎前路钢板固定术。结果所有患者随访6~48个月,植骨均在3~4个月内完全融合,15例脊髓神经功能有不同程度的改善,未发生钢板螺钉松动,1例出现暂时性声音嘶哑。结论颈胸段前路减压、钛网、Codman、Slimlock钢板内固定术是治疗颈胸段脊柱骨折、脱位行之有效的手段,有助于植骨节段融合,重建和稳定颈胸段脊柱。     

大鼠异体肢体移植术后急性排斥反应阶段血管内皮细胞ICAM-1表达的动态变化

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in endothelial cells (EC) during hindlimb allograft acute rejection in rats and the inhibitory effect of cyclospofine A (CsA) on the acute rejection. Methods The rat model of hindlimb allograft was developed. The rats were randomly divided into following groups: control group (Wistar→Wistar), rejection group ( Sprague-Dawley→Wistar) and CsA-treated group (Sprague-Dawley→Wistar). At postoperative day 1, day 4 and day 7samples of the femoral artery from the allograft limb were harvested to observe the pathologic changes. ICAM-1 expression in EC was quantified using immunohistochemical assay. Results Slight swelling and weak ICAM-1expression of EC were observed in the control group. In the rejection groups, obvious EC swelling and massive lymphocyte infiltration were seen. ICAM-1 expression in EC was significantly stronger and elevated. In CsA-group only mild infiltration of lymphocytes was seen and ICAM-I expression in EC was also much weaker.Conclusion During rat hindlimb allograft acute rejection the expression of ICAM-1 in EC was closely related to the occurrence and development of acute rejection. CsA could reduce the expression of ICAM-1 in EC and hence inhibit acute rejection of composite allograft.