小儿单侧髋关节暂时性滑膜炎的B超诊断及分型

目的 :探讨B超诊断小儿单侧髋关节暂时性滑膜炎的诊断建议值和分型。材料和方法 :对 10 6例单侧髋关节暂时性滑膜炎病例 ,采用髋关节前侧切面进行双髋B超对比检查 ,并随机抽取与病例组年龄范围相同的 87例健康儿童进行双髋B超检查 ,作为对照组。结果 :所有的髋关节暂时性滑膜炎病例患髋股骨颈颈前间隙均较健侧增宽 ,平均增宽值为 2 4～ 4 6mm ,其中 ,76例患侧关节腔尚存在积液。结论 :双髋B超对比检查 ,当双侧股骨颈颈前间隙的差值 >1mm时 ,可诊断为该病 ,并可分为“关节腔积液型”和“关节囊肿胀型”     

pQCT bone strength index may serve as a better predictor than bone mineral density for long bone breaking strength

Bone mineral density (BMD) is commonly used to predict osteoporotic fracture risk without considering the geometry of the bone. However, geometric parameters are also important in determination of bone strength. An index including both material and geometric properties may be therefore more relevant in prediction of fracture risk. We studied the correlation between parameters measured by noninvasive peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and bone bending strength of the diaphysis of 45 fresh goat humeri and 27 femora. Multislice pQCT was used for measuring volumetric diaphyseal cortical BMD, total BMD, diaphyseal and cortical cross-sectional area (CSA), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) and their derived bone strength indices (BSIs), including BSI_CSMI (cortical BMD × CSMI) and BSI_CSA (cortical BMD × cortical CSA). Conventional dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) was also conducted to measure areal BMD of diaphysis for comparison. Ultimate fracture load was obtained via three-point bending test. Results showed that for femora, fracture load was correlated better with BSI_CSA (r = 0.697, P 0.001) than cortical BMD (r = 0.304, P 0.05) and total BMD (r = 0.387, P 0.05) measured using pQCT and areal BMD (r = 0.612, P 0.001) measured using DXA. For humeri, fracture load was also correlated with BSI_CSA (r = 0.579, P 0.001) but not with other pQCT parameters including cortical BMD and total BMD (r = 0.282 and 0.305, respectively; P 0.05, both). The best correlation was found with areal BMD measured by DXA (r = 0.760, P 0.001). In conclusion, pQCT noninvasive BSI_CSA derived from cortical BMD (material) and its cortical CSA (bone geometry or distribution) may serve as an important noninvasive index for predicting long bone bending strength. The bending strength was also predicted by bone mass (areal BMD) measured by DXA, an integration of bone mineral and geometry. Further clinical studies are needed to validate the predictive value of BSI in long bone osteoporotic fracture.     

右美托咪定降低小儿Ambu AuraOnce喉罩置入所需七氟醚呼气末半数有效浓度

目的 观察右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)1μg/kg降低小儿Ambu AuraOnce喉罩(Ambu喉罩)置入所需七氟醚呼气末半数有效浓度(median effective concentration,EC50)作用. 方法 4～10岁全身麻醉下行择期整形外科手术患儿50例,ASA分级Ⅰ级,计算机随机抽样表格法分为Dex组(D组,26例)和对照组(C组,24例).患儿入室后均采用8％七氟醚和50％氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide,N2O)吸入行麻醉诱导,建立静脉通路后停止N2O吸入,调节七氟醚吸入浓度使七氟醚呼气末EC50达到预定浓度.同时D组开始静脉输注Dex 1 μg/kg,C组注射生理盐水,10 min注射完毕后置入一次性Ambu喉罩.两组首例患儿的七氟醚呼气末EC50均设定为1.8％,采用改良Dixon up-down法确定下一例喉罩置入的七氟醚呼气末EC50,相邻七氟醚的浓度梯度值为0.2％. 结果 小儿置入Ambu喉罩时所需七氟醚呼气末EC50值(95％CI)D组和C组分别为1.44％(1.17％,1.60％)和1.77％(1.52％,2.01％). 结论 Dex 1 μg/kg可有效降低小儿置入Ambu喉罩所需七氟醚呼气末EC50.     

他克莫司与其它药物相互作用致肾移植受者高钾血症10例临床分析

目的  探讨肾移植术后用药导致他克莫司(FK506) 血药浓度过高引起高钾血症的处理方法。方法  对肾移植术后服用抗真菌药物致FK506血药浓度过高而引起的高钾血症10例患者的临床资料进行归纳和分析。结果  10例患者术后1~2个月内出现肺部感染或肺炎合并肺部真菌感染等,对症选用相应剂量的复方磺胺甲唑、米卡芬净、头孢哌酮钠-舒巴坦钠和莫西沙星等药物进行抗真菌感染治疗。经过降钾治疗及停用抗真菌药物、调整FK506剂量（部分病例更换为环孢素）后,10例患者血钾下降并维持在正常范围,同时FK506血药浓度也在正常范围,之后未采取任何降血钾措施,未再发生高血钾现象。结论  肾移植术后用药易导致FK506血药浓度过高,引起高钾血症,治疗上应采用降钾、停用相关药物、调整免疫抑制剂,避免产生有害的相互作用。     

Dynamic changes in salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A response to acute stress

Psychological stress leads to the secretion of cortisol. While this psychoneuroendocrine response helps to maintain physiological as well as psychological homeostasis under stress, exaggerated release of cortisol can suppress aspects of immune function and have negative effects on health. The present study set out to investigate the dynamic changes in salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cortisol before and after acute stress, and to analyse the relationship between sIgA and cortisol trend. Thirty‐five healthy subjects took part in this study. All subjects underwent an acute stress test (mental arithmetic task). Salivary cortisol and sIgA responses were assessed repeatedly before the stress test, immediately after the stress test and 20 min after the stress test. The levels of salivary cortisol and sIgA both significantly increased after the acute mental arithmetic challenge. However, the increase of sIgA is transient; the sIgA fall was significantly correlated with the cortisol rise during the 20 min after stress (r = 0.569, p < 0.001). These results may help determine the timing of effective intervention in order to reduce the hypersecretion of cortisol and improve mucosal immune function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柚子提取物对小鼠肝微粒体代谢活性的影响

目的探讨几种柚子提取物对肝微粒体代谢活性的抑制效应。方法在体外小鼠肝微粒体孵育体系中加入睾丸酮和不同柚子提取物后，以高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定6-β羟基睾丸酮的生成量。结果6—β羟基睾丸酮的线性回归方程为y=0．0904x＋0．1795，r=0．9986，x表示峰面积，y表示6-β羟基睾丸酮的含量，单位nmol／ml。4种柚子提取物A皮、C皮、A肉、C肉对6-β羟基睾丸酮生成的抑制率分别为47．9％、28．8％、82．4％和72．3％。结论几种柚子提取物较对照组对肝微粒体的代谢活性均有抑制效应，其中A肉的抑制率最大。     

现代手术室管理新进展

现代手术室管理引进企业管理6西格玛理论,通过定义、评估、分析、改进、控制优化手术室管理流程;将ISO9000标准应用于手术室管理,通过计划、实施、检查、处理4个环节达到工作制度化、程序化、质量控制标准化,对医疗护理隐患起到预防作用;通过目标管理、弹性排班,激发护士热情,充分发挥其潜能,使人力资源达到最佳利用。     

305例尿石成份分析及预防对策

目的研究一种快速、简便的方法对泌尿系结石进行分析,并探讨其防治方法。方法用化学常量法对305例患者的尿石标本进行化学成份测定,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果发现结石发病男性多于女性(比例为3.2∶1),20~50岁多发,上尿路结石多于下尿路结石(5.4∶1)。结石中草酸钙检出率达82%,尿酸盐55.2%,磷酸钙48.6%,磷酸镁铵与碳酸磷灰石则多见于泌尿系感染病例,胱氨酸结石少见。结论化学常量法分析泌尿系结石简便、快捷、准确。结石成份分析对于了解结石成因、预防结石复发具有一定的意义。     

埃索美拉唑治疗前后胃食管反流病食管黏膜上皮细胞间隙的变化

目的观察胃食管反流病（GERD）各亚型在埃索美拉唑治疗前后食管黏膜上皮细胞间隙增宽（DIS）的变化。方法19例以烧心为主诉、经内镜检查、24h食管pH监测和质子泵抑制剂治疗试验证实为GERD的患者,接受埃索美拉唑40mg／d治疗2个月。治疗前后内镜检查时在食管齿状线上3～5cm处外观正常黏膜取活检,分别进行组织学及透射电镜检查。15例正常人食管黏膜活检电镜检查作为正常参数。结果2个月治疗后,糜烂性食道炎（6例）、伴有病理性酸反流的NERD（7例）、不伴有病理性酸反流的NERO（6例）DIS恢复正常分别有5例（83．33％）、6例（85．71％）和5例（83．33％）,均伴随烧心症状完全消失。DIS未恢复正常的3例患者中2例烧心症状仍然存在。结论GERD患者经埃索美拉唑治疗2个月后DIS恢复正常伴随症状消失,各组间在DIS恢复上差异无统计学意义。     

椎管内肿瘤26例围手术期的护理

0　引言　手术切除椎管内肿瘤是唯一有效的治疗方法 .由于病变部位的特殊性 ,手术难度大、危险性大 ,术后易出现神经损伤、脊髓缺血、水肿 ,发生呼吸障碍、高热、消化道出血、四肢瘫痪或截瘫等严重并发症 .其护理工作也具有一定的复杂性和特殊性 .1　临床资料　我院 2 0 0 0 - 0 5 / 11收治椎管内肿瘤患者 2 6 (男19,女 7)例 ,年龄 9～ 6 1岁 .颈椎段 14例 ,胸椎段 6例 ,腰椎段 5例 ,骶管内 1例 . 7例为转移瘤 ,2例为原发性胶质瘤 ,其余均为良性肿瘤 .本组患者以颈段椎管内肿瘤居多 (5 4% ) .2　讨论　为使患者安全渡过围手术期 ,术前健康教…