~(99m)TcO_4~-甲状腺显像定量分析在甲状腺疾病中的应用

目的:探讨99mTcO4-甲状腺显像定量分析在甲状腺疾病诊断中的临床价值。方法:采用Marconi Fx810 SPECT仪对38例正常对照者和189例Graves病、亚急性甲状腺炎、单纯性甲状腺肿及甲状腺功能减退者进行99mTcO4-甲状腺动静脉态双时相显像,测定颈动脉与甲状腺显影时间差(Td)及20分钟时甲状腺与颈部软组织像素的平均放射性比值(UI)。结果:①Graves病组表现为Td缩短,UI值明显增高,且UI值恢复速度滞后于体外甲功指标的恢复(P<0.01)。②亚甲炎组甲状腺摄锝功能降低(P<0.01),静态显像表现为放射性普遍稀疏或局限性稀巯。③单甲肿组、甲减组Td、UI值与正常组无明显差异(P>0.05)。④对照组、Graves病、亚甲炎及单甲肿组24小时吸131I率与UI值有良好的相关性。结论99mTcO4-甲状腺显像定量分析法操作简便,误差小,适用范围广,在常见甲状腺疾病的诊断中具有重要价值。     

Gangrene of the lung: successful medical management of three patients

Three patients with massive pulmonary gangrene who have survived without recourse to surgery are presented. In 2 cases, anaerobic organisms were suspected as being the causative pathogens although this was not proved. With resolution the radiological appearances of the involved lobe varied from no more than segmental to almost complete loss of the whole lobe.     

Analysis with antiidiotype antibody of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a large cell lymphoma (Richter's syndrome)

A murine monoclonal antibody made against an idiotypic determinant (Id) of surface IgM/IgD lambda molecules on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells of a 71-year-old woman was used for clonal analysis by two- color immunofluorescence. The anti-Id antibody identified IgM+/IgD+/lambda+ B cells as the predominant cell type of her CLL clone. In addition, substantial proportions of the IgG and IgA B cells and most of the IgM plasma cells in her bone marrow and blood were Id+. Six years after diagnosis, the patient died of respiratory failure due to infiltration of lungs by malignant cells. Autopsy revealed a dramatic change in the tumor cell morphology. The lungs, hilar nodes, and liver were infiltrated by a diffuse large cell lymphoma admixed with the leukemic cells. By immunohistologic staining these anaplastic lymphoma cells were IgM+/IgD-/lambda+ B cells expressing the same Id noted earlier on the CLL cells. The immunoglobulin gene rearrangement pattern on Southern blot analysis was also the same in leukemic blood cells and in the tissues involved by the lymphoma. Thus, the combination of antiidiotype and immunoglobulin gene analyses in this patient with Richter's syndrome revealed that a CLL clone, seemingly "frozen" in differentiation, was actually undergoing isotype switching, differentiation into plasma cells, and evolution into a rapidly growing and fetal lymphoma.     

CEREBRAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS OCCURRING DURING AN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AND COMPLICATED BY INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION

Thrombosis of the cerebral dural sinuses and veins has been described since the early 19th century.^1,2 Clinically the process is characterised by diverse symptomatology and physical findings and in spite of advances in diagnostic radiological techniques it remains an under-recognised condition. It has been most commonly associated with sepsis, trauma, pregnancy, the puerperium and many other hypercoagulable states. We describe an apparently unique case of sagittal sinus thrombosis occurring during an ectopic pregnancy. This was subsequently complicated by intracranial hypertension in spite of clinical improvement and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence suggesting a return of venous patency. The clinical presentation, radiological features and management is discussed.     

Pulse pressure variation does not reflect stroke volume variation in mechanically ventilated rats with lipopolysaccharide‐induced pneumonia

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Withanolide sulfoxide from Aswagandha roots inhibits nuclear transcription factor‐kappa‐B,cyclooxygenase and tumor cell proliferation

Investigation of the methanol extract of Aswagandha (Withania somnifera) roots for bioactive constituents yielded a novel withanolide sulfoxide compound (1) along with a known withanolide dimer ashwagandhanolide (2) with an S‐linkage. The structure of compound 1 was established by extensive NMR and MS experiments. Compound 1 was highly selective in inhibiting cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme by 60% at 100 µm with no activity against COX‐1 enzyme. The IC₅₀ values of compound 1 against human gastric (AGS), breast (MCF‐7), central nervous system (SF‐268) and colon (HCT‐116) cancer cell lines were in the range 0.74–3.63 µm. Both S‐containing dimeric withanolides, 1 and 2, completely suppressed TNF‐induced NF‐κB activation when tested at 100 µm. The isolation of a withanolide sulfoxide from W. somnifera roots and its ability to inhibit COX‐2 enzyme and to suppress human tumor cell proliferation are reported here for the first time. In addition, this is the first report on the abrogation of TNF‐induced NF‐κB activation for compounds 1 and 2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aneuploidy and percentage of S-phase cells determined by flow cytometry correlate with cell phenotype in childhood acute leukemia

Cellular DNA content distributions of propidium-iodide-stained bone marrow blasts were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) for 225 untreated children with acute leukemia and were correlated with leukemia cell phenotype and karyotype. Aneuploidy of the primary malignant stem line was detected in 54 cases (24%): 51 hyperdiploid and 3 hypodiploid. A second stem line with approximately twice the DNA content of the primary stem line was recognized by FCM in 28 cases (23 ALL, 5 ANLL) and may be an important source of leukemia cell heterogeneity. The degree of DNA content abnormality detected by FCM was highly correlated (r = 0.98) with the number of whole chromosome gains or losses in the leukemia karyotype. Aneuploidy detectable by FCM was more frequent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (52 of 173, 30.1%) than in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (2 of 52, 3.8%) (p less than 0.001). In the ALL group, aneuploidy was significantly correlated with the cell surface expression of common ALL antigen: 46 of 127 antigen-positive cases were aneuploid compared to 6 of 46 antigen-negative cases (p less than 0.003). Only 2 of 21 cases of T-cell ALL without common ALL antigen had detectable aneuploidy, which was significantly less than in the common ALL group (p = 0.02). The median percentage of cells in S- phase was significantly greater for B-cell and erythrocyte rosette- positive T-cell ALL, than for the other phenotypic subgroups. We conclude that aneuploidy and S-phase cell percentage are correlated with the state of leukemia cell differentiation. The biologic basis for the correlation is not established, but may be linked to the process of malignant transformation.