The role of P2X7 receptors in modulation of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice with peritonitis

The role of P2X7 receptors in modulation of the functional activity of macrophages in mice with model peritonitis has been studied. It is established that the functional activity of murine macrophages under such conditions is increased, which is accompanied by the growth of P2X7(+) macrophages and a bidirectional change of the their functional activity under the action of P2X7 modulators. The role of P2X7-associated mechanisms in regulation of the macrophage activity during inflammation is discussed.     

Possibility of using porcelain samples of high-voltage line insulators for radiation dose reconstruction by EPR spectroscopy

In electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of irradiated porcelain samples from high-voltage supply line insulators three overlapping single signals were observed. The dependencies of the amplitude of these signals on the microwave power, irradiation dose and the stability in darkness and in natural light were investigated. It was concluded that for dosimetric purposes it is reasonable to use the radiation-induced signal with g=2.001, which could be ascribed to the E′ centres of quartz. The microwave power dependence of the amplitude of this signal is saturated at 1 mW, the dose dependence is saturated at about 60 mGy. A minimal level of dose determination is about 1 Gy, and it is limited mainly by the accuracy of subtraction of the background signal existing in the unirradiated sample. The radiation-induced signal is stable in the darkness, but rapidly faded in natural light, therefore, for dosimetric purposes it is possible to use only insulators covered with dark glaze or ceramic samples from the very interior of the insulators.     

Relationship between Epileptogenesis and Morphological Changes in the Cerebral Cortex

The relationship between disorders in the cytoarchitectonics (microdysgenesis) and formation of epileptogenic zones was studied on clinical material. Results of surgical treatment of 29 patients with drug-resistant temporal epilepsy are presented. Intraoperative electrocorticography was carried out in all patients. Histological studies of the cortex from the zone of regular epileptic activity registration were carried out in 23 cases. A relationship between completeness of radical removal of the zone of regular epileptic activity and treatment results was detected. Histological studies of resected cortex revealed signs of microdysgenesis in all cases. The presence of similar changes in the zone of regular epileptic activity registration, resection of which is essential for attack control, suggests a pathogenetic relationship between microdysgenesis and generation of epileptic activity.     

Analysis of factors influencing the prediction of surgical treatment for symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy

The results of treatment were analyzed in 37 patients with drug-resistant symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy among whom there were 22 patients with low-grade intracellular tumors, 2 with cavernomas; 6 with cortical malformations, and 9 with residual organic lesions. Double pathology was noted in 4 patients. Mono- and multiregional lesions were observed in 30 cases. Removal of the site of lesion, extended medial resections, and temporal lobectomy were performed in 7, 5, and 25 cases, respectively. There was an association of the quality of outcomes with the scope of an intervention: the best results were achieved when the affected area with adjacent cortical portions was completely removed within the eliptogenic area. Resections for multiregional lesions are low effective.     

Adjunct immune therapy of first-diagnosed TB, relapsed TB, treatment-failed TB, multidrug-resistant TB and TB/HIV

Aim: To evaluate the effect of an adjunct immunotherapy in randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIb trial involving 123 TB patients. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two arms: one (n = 62) received a once-daily pill of V-5 Immunitor? (V5) and the other (control; n= 61) received placebo for 30 days in addition to first- or second-line TB drugs administered under directly observed therapy. The subjects in V5 and placebo arms had first-diagnosed, relapsed, treatment-failed and multidrug-resistant TB at ratios of 17:21:11:13 and 20:19:14:8, respectively; among them, ten and seven had HIV coinfection, respectively. Results: After 1 month, 55 out of 62 patients (88.7%) became sputum smear-negative in the V5 arm (p < 0.0001), whereas in the placebo group, nine out of 61 (14.8%) had converted. The conversion rate among V5 recipients was similar, regardless of whether TB was drug-sensitive, drug-resistant or with HIV. V5 downregulated TB-associated inflammation, as shown by the normalization of elevated leukocyte counts (8.7 vs 6.3 × 10 (9)/l; p < 0.0001) and decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (22.8 vs 12.6 mm/h; p < 0.0001), whereas among placebo recipients, changes were smaller (8.9 vs 8.2 × 10 (9)/l and 25.1 vs 19.9 mm/h). Thirty three (54.1%) placebo patients gained on average 0.8 kg (p = 0.0002); by contrast, 57 (91.9%) out of 62 patients in the V5 group gained a mean weight of 2.9 kg (p < 0.0001). No adverse side effects or reactivation of TB were seen at any time. Conclusion: V5 is safe and effective as an immune adjunct to chemotherapy for TB and can potentially reduce the treatment duration down to 1 month.     

Gimantan Tablets: Analysis and Standardization

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

Experimental study of the effect of intravenous administration of sorbitol on bile excretion

Experiments were made on dogs with chronic U-shaped gall bladder-duodenal fistulas. The animals received 10% sorbitol (0.6 g/kg) injections into the peripheral vein. Analysis of total bile acids cholesterol and total bilirubin in hourly portions of the bile showed that sorbitol known to produce a choleretic effect when administered enterally and intraduodenally failed to have a choleretic effect after intravenous injection.     

The effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on motor function in patients with infantile cerebral palsy

The authors analyze the outcomes of surgical treatment in 15 CP patients with lower paraparesis who had been treated with selective dorsal rhizotomy at the L2-S2 level. All the patients were examined by neurological study, EMG, EEG, visual evoked potential (VEP) recording and motor reaction time estimation. Based on the findings, it is suggested that SPR lumbosacral spinal level may affect cerebral function. Some motor functional changes are associated with this impact. Possible mechanisms of these changes are discussed.     

Surgical policy in patients with diffuse arterial lesion of lower extremities

In spite of the achievements of contemporary surgery the rate of unfavoutable outcomes of reconstructive operations is keeping on to be high. Early postoperative complications because of inadequate choice of method for surgical treatment mount to 25%. Classification of the lesions of arteries of lower limbs is developed with due regards to functional and angiographic data. Simultaneous stenotic total lesions of the aorta, iliac, femoral, popliteal and tibial arteries lesions were considered as diffuse ones. The kind of surgical intervention is such lesions was determined according to functional reserve of collateral blood flow of the lower extremity. In such cases reconstructions only of aorto-iliac segment or multilevel reconstruction is possible (two-stage or one-stage reconstruction). The operation of choice was one-stage reconstruction.