PSA检测早期前列腺癌导致男子自杀的风险分析：一项基于PCBaSe的队列研究

1期精原细胞瘤行睾丸切除术后的处理包括辅助放疗、化疗，或者进行随访观察。虽然随访的具体内容尚未明确，但是通常包括反复的胸片及腹部、盆腔CT（CT—AP）检查。为了评估胸片在随访中的价值，作者对玛嘉烈医院1982年至2005年间527例确诊为1期睾丸精原细胞瘤并获得随访的患者进行了分析。     

癌痛栓质量标准的研究

目的：癌痛栓质量标准的研究。方法：用薄层色谱法对其中的冰片、灵猫香进行了定性鉴别;用薄层分光光度法对延胡索中有效成分延胡索乙素进行了含量测定。结果：本品定性鉴别薄层色谱特征明显,易于区别;本品中延胡索乙素含量测定线性范围为0．5－25μg,平均回收率102．11％,RSD为1．12％。结论：鉴别与含量测定方法简便可靠,可做为该制剂的质量标准。     

Variation in Institutional Review Board Responses to a Standard Protocol for a Multicenter Clinical Trial

Multicenter clinical trials require approval by multiple local institutional review boards (IRBs). The Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration mailed a clinical trial protocol to its U.S. investigators and 44 IRBs ultimately reviewed it. OBJECTIVE: To describe IRB responses to one standard protocol and thereby gain insight into the advantages and disadvantages of local IRB review. METHODS: Two surveys were mailed to participants, with telephone follow-up of nonrespondents. Survey 1 was mailed to 82 investigators across North AMERICA: Survey 2 was mailed to investigators from 44 medical centers in 17 U.S. states. Survey 1 asked about each investigator's local IRB (e.g., frequency of meetings, membership), whereas survey 2 asked about IRB queries and concerns related to the submitted clinical trial. RESULTS: Both surveys had 100% response rate. Investigators submitted applications a median of 58 days (interquartile range [IQR], 40--83) after receipt of the protocol, and IRB approval took an additional 38 days (IQR, 26--62). Although eight applications were approved with little or no changes, IRBs requested an average of 3.5 changes per site. Changes involved study logistics and supervision for 45%, the research process for 43%, and the consent form for 91%. Despite these numerous requests, all eventually approved the basic protocol, including inclusion criteria, intervention, and data collection. CONCLUSIONS: The IRBs showed extreme variability in their initial responses to a standard protocol, but ultimately all gave approval. Almost all IRBs changed the consent form. A national, multicenter IRB process might streamline ethical review and warrants further consideration.     

Frontal lobe activation during word generation studied by functional MRI

Aims – To further delimit the specific verbal operations occurring in the dorsolateral frontal cortex during the generation of words, methods – different verbal fluency tasks guided by distinct specifications (phonological, semantic, or automatic production of words) were used in a functional magnetic resonance study. The study group comprised 10 right-handed normal subjects ranging in age from 23 to 27 years. Functional magnetic resonance images were obtained in a 1.5-Tesla magnet using a spoiled GRASS sequence. Results – Noticeable activation was found during the word generation tasks in the dorsolateral frontal cortex. The region showing the most prominent activation was the posterior part of the left middle frontal gyrus. Nevertheless, the different tasks each had a different activation effect. The phonologically guided generation of words produced the most consistent activation of the middle frontal gyrus, which mainly involved the premotor cortex. Conclusion – The results suggest that operations concerned with the generation of sound sequences, rather than the amount of produced words or their semantics, are responsible for sustained focal activity observed in the frontal lobes during verbal fluency tasks.     

Effects of nitric oxide and sodium nitroprusside on the intrinsic elastic properties of pressurized rat coronary artery

Summary— The study was designed to assess the influence of either nitric oxide (NO) or sodium nitroprusside and the absence of endothelium on the intrinsic elastic properties of coronary arteries from WKY rats. For this purpose, segments of the right interventricular coronary were mounted in an arteriograph where wall thickness and internal diameter were continuously monitored while intraluminal pressure was controlled in the absence of flow. To study the passive properties, pressure-diameter relationships were determined by measuring the corresponding internal diameter for each stepwise increase in intraluminal pressure. Thus, wall stress, strain and incremental elastic modulus (E_inc) were assessed in the following experimental conditions: control, incubation with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μM) or L-NAME + L-arginine (L-arg, 100 μM), incubation with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 μM), endothelium removal (CHAPS). The E_inc-stress relationship was not significantly different in the different experimental conditions, but values of E_inc plotted as function of strain were significantly decreased after L-NAME incubation and partly reversed after L-arg addition. The same effect was observed after endothelium destruction but to a lesser extent. After SNP incubation, values of E_inc were significantly decreased for small values of strain and increased for high values of this parameter. These results show that NO synthase inhibition induced, for a given strain, a decrease of elastic modulus in coronary arteries. It can be speculated that functional antagonism exerted by NO against spontaneous contractile tone was reduced. Thus, the smooth muscle cells were in a greater state of activation and probably more strongly involved in the intrinsic elastic properties of this preparation. However, an unexplained effect of NO on wall stiffness cannot be excluded. Conversely, SNP increased the initial diameter and induced an initial decrease in stiffness followed by a subsequent increase. After endothelium destruction, stiffness was significantly decreased compared to control conditions. It can be concluded that NO modulates the intrinsic elastic properties of the coronary arteries through smooth muscle cell relaxation. Furthermore, results with SNP support the hypothesis that the lower the state of activation of the smooth muscle cells, the higher the elastic modulus of the arterial wall in this coronary artery preparation.