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101.
102.
The Effects of Age,Adiposity, and Physical Activity on the Risk of Seven Site‐Specific Fractures in Postmenopausal Women 下载免费PDF全文
Jason Lacombe Benjamin J Cairns Jane Green Gillian K Reeves Valerie Beral Miranda EG Armstrong for the Million Women Study collaborators 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2016,31(8):1559-1568
Risk factors for fracture of the neck of the femur are relatively well established, but those for fracture at other sites are little studied. In this large population study we explore the role of age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity on the risk of fracture at seven sites in postmenopausal women. As part of the Million Women Study, 1,154,821 postmenopausal UK women with a mean age of 56.0 (SD 4.8) years provided health and lifestyle data at recruitment in 1996 to 2001. All participants were linked to National Health Service (NHS) hospital records for day‐case or overnight admissions with a mean follow‐up of 11 years per woman. Adjusted absolute and relative risks for seven site‐specific incident fractures were calculated using Cox regression models. During follow‐up, 4931 women had a fracture of the humerus; 2926 of the forearm; 15,883 of the wrist; 9887 of the neck of the femur; 1166 of the femur (not neck); 3199 a lower leg fracture; and 10,092 an ankle fracture. Age‐specific incidence rates increased gradually with age for fractures of forearm, lower leg, ankle, and femur (not neck), and steeply with age for fractures of neck of femur, wrist, and humerus. When compared to women with desirable BMI (20.0 to 24.9 kg/m2), higher BMI was associated with a reduced risk of fracture of the neck of femur, forearm, and wrist, but an increased risk of humerus, femur (not neck), lower leg, and ankle fractures (p < 0.001 for all). Strenuous activity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of fracture of the humerus and femur (both neck and remainder of femur) (p < 0.001), but was not significantly associated with lower leg, ankle, wrist, and forearm fractures. Postmenopausal women are at a high lifetime risk of fracture. BMI and physical activity are modifiable risk factors for fracture, but their associations with fracture risk differ substantially across fracture sites. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) 相似文献
103.
Twenty-three patients were prospectively examined with ultrasound (US) for acute or recurrent Achilles tendon symptoms. Three types of pathologic conditions of the Achilles tendon were found: tendinitis/tenosynovitis, acute tendon trauma, and postoperative changes. US appears to enable differentiation of these conditions and to contribute to the diagnosis of a broad range of Achilles tendon disorders. 相似文献
104.
Infected aortoiliofemoral grafts: magnetic resonance imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Three patients with proved infected aortoiliofemoral grafts were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a spin echo technique. MR clearly identified the perigraft abscess, the involvement of adjacent structures, and the longitudinal extent of the process in all patients. The MR findings were: Abscesses create a high signal intensity, somewhat less than fat. The perigraft abscess has a great contrast with the signal void of flowing blood in the graft. Inflammatory changes cause an inhomogeneous intermediate signal, slightly more intense than muscle. Both abscesses and edematous areas increase their signal intensity with long repetition rates and long echo delays. Areas of gas appear black. They cannot be distinguished from calcified plaques. Additional information is gained about the graft patency. Although the specificity has to be proved, MR imaging is sensitive in the detection of infected grafts and for defining the longitudinal extent of the perigraft abscess. 相似文献
105.
Asymptomatic total hip prosthesis: natural history determined using Tc- 99m MDP bone scans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A prospective study was performed with 97 patients who had undergone total hip replacement surgery and who were not experiencing pain or other symptoms or problems. The study was intended to determine the normal postoperative appearance of radionuclide scans of the hip following administration of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate. Five areas of the prostheses were evaluated. Results showed that 6 months after implantation activity around the lesser trochanter and prosthesis shaft became insignificant. Activity around the acetabulum, greater trochanter, and prosthesis tip stabilized approximately 2 years after surgery; approximately 10% of patients in the study had persistent activity in these areas. Familiarity with this normal progression is fundamental to interpretation of postoperative bone scans in patients with total hip prosthesis. 相似文献
106.
Background
Low socioeconomic status has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality for various health conditions. The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine the mortality experience of older persons admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia and to test the hypothesis of whether an association exists between socioeconomic status and mortality subsequent to hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia. 相似文献107.
C?Shawn?Tracy Guilherme?Coelho?Dantas Ross?EG?UpshurEmail author 《BMC medical informatics and decision making》2004,4(1):13
Background
Concerns regarding the privacy of health information are escalating owing both to the growing use of information technology to store and exchange data and to the increasing demand on the part of patients to control the use of their medical records. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Health Care Information Directive (HCID), a recently-developed patient decision aid that aims to delineate the level of health information an individual is willing to share. 相似文献108.
A randomized controlled trial of three low-dose gonadotrophin protocols for unexplained infertility 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
This randomized controlled trial assessed which of three low-intensity
ovulation induction protocols was associated with the highest rate of cycle
completion among infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI)
with their husband's spermatozoa. Sixty-three women aged < or = 42 years
with normospermic partners participated in the study. The primary diagnosis
of infertility was unexplained in 89% of subjects, endometriosis in 6% and
tubal factor in 5%. Women were assigned to three groups according to
recombinant FSH dosage: group A received two ampoules (75 IU FSH per
ampoule) on cycle day 4, and one ampoule on days 6 and 8 (total four
ampoules); group B received two ampoules on days 4, 6 and 8 (total six
ampoules); group C received two ampoules on days 4, 6, 8 and 10 (total
eight ampoules). Daily ultrasound investigations began on cycle day 9-12
and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 5000 IU was administered when one
or two follicles > or = 18 mm were seen. IUI was scheduled for the next
day. HCG was given and/or ovulation shown to have occurred in 88 of 109
cycles attempted (81%) with no differences among the three dose groups. Two
singleton pregnancies occurred (2.3% per ovulatory cycle and 1.8% per cycle
start). There were no significant differences among the three regimes in
terms of cycle parameters, suggesting that an individualized and more
intensive approach to ovarian stimulation is necessary for many women with
unexplained infertility.
相似文献
109.
The effectiveness of ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination in the treatment of persistent infertility: a meta-analysis 总被引:6,自引:19,他引:6
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of
intrauterine insemination (IUI) with or without ovarian stimulation using
gonadotrophin in the treatment of persistent infertility. Relevant
randomized controlled trials were identified by a diverse strategy
including a hand search of 43 core journals from 1966 to the present. Two
approaches to meta-analysis were used to summarize data. First, using a
standard Mantel-Haenszel approach, eight trials comparing FSH/IUI with
FSH/timed intercourse for unexplained infertility were combined. The common
odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43,
3.90], suggesting a significant improvement with IUI following ovulation
induction in this patient group. Although the data were statistically
homogeneous, clinically important heterogeneity was present. Second, across
all diagnostic groups, the independent effects of treatment with follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH), clomiphene citrate, IUI, as well as the
diagnoses of male factor and endometriosis were assessed using stepwise
logistic regression. Based on 5214 cycles reported in 22 trials, the odds
ratio for pregnancy associated with FSH use was 2.35 (95% CI, 1.87, 2.94)
for IUI, 2.82 (95% CI, 2.18, 3.66) for male factor, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.37,
0.61), and for endometriosis 0.45 (95% CI, 0.27, 0.76). This summary of the
best available evidence may prove useful in counselling couples who are
considering FSH and/or IUI therapy.
相似文献
110.