呼气相电子计算机体层扫描在诊断慢性气道疾病方面的应用

目的：评价呼气相电子计算机体层扫描（CT）在诊断慢性气道疾病方面的应用价值。方法：对25例临床确诊为慢性气道疾病的患者（病例组）12例健康志愿者（对照组）,使用螺旋CT分别进行吸气末和呼气末的胸部CT扫描,测量和计算横断面积衰减分数（CLARS）、肺密度衰减值（LDAV）、象素指数（PI）。对两组结果进行了比较。结果：病例组和对照组的横断面积衰减分数分别为25和48,肺密度衰减值分别为79HU和186HU,呼气末病例组和正常对照组的PI值分别为11．36％和0．13％,两组结果有显著统计学差异。结论：呼气相CT对慢性气道疾病的诊断和定量有较大的帮助,能够在一定程度上反映气道的功能,是一种有发展前途的检查方法。     

丝素蛋白用于生物材料的研究进展

阐述了丝素蛋白用于固定化酶载体、生物酶防护剂、生物传感器、药物缓释载体、功能性细胞培养基质、抗血凝物质、人工器官等生物材料的研究进展。丝素蛋白在生物材料方面有非常广阔的应用前景。     

冠状静脉逆灌注对犬缺血心肌的保护作用

【目的】探索一种简便的冠状静脉逆灌注方法,了解其有效性和安全性。【方法】健康成年犬13条,随机分为逆灌注组（n=7）和对照组（n=6）。开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支（LADA）,逆灌注导管经右颈外静脉送入冠状静脉窦并进一步插至心大静脉（GCV）远端,动脉血由左颈总动脉引出,以自身动脉血压为动力进行持续逆灌注。逆灌注组于LADA结扎后5min开始持续逆灌注,共6h;对照组同样进行插管但不灌注。观察血流动力学、心电图、血清生化及形态学改变。【结果】逆灌注组血流动力学较稳定（P＜0.05～0.01）。LADA结扎后两组缺血中心区心外膜心电图ST段均明显抬高,30min后逐渐回降,逆灌注组回降速度较快（P＜0.01）。与逆灌注组相比,对照组血清肌酸激酶-MB（CK-MB）明显升高,一氧化氮（NO）水平明显下降（P＜0.05～0.01）。对照组和逆灌注组缺血心肌发生梗死的面积分别占（76.2±4.7）%和（38.8±7.3）%（P＜0.01）。光镜下,逆灌注组前室间静脉（LADV）及其小属支内膜结构完整,无明显损伤;两组均未见到出血性梗死。【结论】采用简便的冠状静脉逆灌注方法可明显减轻心肌的缺血性损伤,减小心肌梗死面积,稳定血流动力学,且对冠状静脉系统及心肌组织无明显损伤。     

HPV在小儿喉乳头状瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨HPV与小儿喉乳状瘤发病及发展的相关性。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测46例小儿喉乳头状瘤96次手术的肿瘤组织及其HPV表达,另取8例正常小儿及成人的喉黏膜,10例成人喉乳头状瘤作对照,结果：小和和成人的正常喉黏膜无HPV表达,成人喉乳头状瘤2例有HPV表达,46例96人次小儿喉乳头状瘤,其中33例61人次肿瘤组织中有HPV表达,且与肿瘤的复发频率呈正相关。结论HPV在小儿喉乳头状瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用。     

Efficacy of testosterone replacement therapy for treating metabolic disturbances in late-onset hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Urology and Nephrology - Late onset hypogonadism (LOH) is an age-dependent reduction of testosterone associated with alterations of metabolic profile, including glucose control,...     

Supratentorial pediatric cortical ependymomas: a comprehensive retrospective study

Neurosurgical Review - Pediatric cortical ependymomas (CEs) are rare; the clinical features and optimal treatment remain ill-defined. We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and outcome of...     

膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动对产后痔急性发作的疗效

目的 探讨膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动对产后痔急性发作的改善效果.方法 将68例经阴道分娩并发产后痔急性发作的产妇按入院时间分为对照组36例、观察组32例.两组产妇产后给予相同的产褥期知识宣教、母婴护理指导等常规护理措施,在此基础上,对照组采用屈膝侧卧位配合红光照射,观察组给予膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动.观察两组产后24 h和产后5d痔疼痛程度、肛周水肿程度、治疗效果、治疗过程舒适度.结果 干预后两组疼痛评分、肛周水肿程度、治疗效果比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);两组治疗过程舒适程度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 产后痔急性发作的产妇应用膝胸卧位红光照射配合肛提运动能有效减轻产妇疼痛及肛周水肿程度,治疗效果较好.     

仙鹤草茎与叶的代谢组学比较分析

目的 通过代谢组学分析仙鹤草茎与叶中代谢物及其代谢通路差异,进一步阐明仙鹤草药效物质基础,促进仙鹤草合理开发利用。方法 取仙鹤草茎、叶新鲜样本,经液氮冷冻后提取代谢物,采用液相色谱-质谱法检测,所得数据运用统计学方法分析并与数据库比对鉴定。结果 筛选并鉴定出105个具有明显差异的代谢物,其中茎与叶相比有34个代谢物上调、71个代谢物下调。差异代谢物共注释到62条代谢通路中。茎中叶黄素、天冬酰胺、胍丁胺及多种氨基酸等物质含量更高,氨基酸代谢更强;叶中酚酸类、黄酮类物质积累更为丰富,次生代谢更强。结论 仙鹤草茎与叶均含有丰富的药效活性成分,但叶的次生代谢更强,次生代谢物积累更为丰富,此差异或可为仙鹤草针对性开发利用提供参考。     

Clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis, and chemosensitivity in patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical characteristics, chemosensitivity, and outcome of metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Patients and MethodsRecords of patients with metastatic UTUC since January 2005 were retrieved from a database that included clinical and survival data. Statistical analyses including survival and multivariate analyses of factors were respectively performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsA total of 250 consecutive UTUC cases were evaluated. There were 56 patients (22.4%) with initially diagnosed stage IV disease. The most common metastatic sites were lung (39.6%), distant lymph nodes (39.2%), bone (19.6%), liver (18.0%), and adrenal gland (7.2%), respectively, and the local recurrence rate was 10.4%. Two hundred thirteen patients received first-line chemotherapy. The overall response rate was only 28.7% and the median progression-free survival time was only 5.0 months. The overall survival time of the cohort was 18.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that initially diagnosed stage IV disease, number of metastatic organs ≥3, no response to chemotherapy and cycles of chemotherapy ≤2 were adverse prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionUTUC presented to be more prone to metastasize than locally recur and thought to have low chemosensitivity. Stage IV disease at initial diagnosis, number of metastatic organs, response and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognosticators for metastatic UTUC.     

中国成年人生活方式和心血管代谢因素与甲基化年龄加速的相关性分析

目的比较分析5种甲基化年龄加速指标与生活方式和心血管代谢因素间的相关性。方法基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究中有基线外周血全基因组甲基化检测数据的研究对象980人, 计算Horvath时钟、Hannum时钟、DNAm PhenoAge、GrimAge和Li时钟5种甲基化年龄。根据甲基化年龄对实足年龄回归的残差值计算甲基化年龄加速。研究的生活方式因素包括吸烟、饮酒、饮食习惯、体力活动、经BMI和腰围联合定义的体型。心血管代谢因素包括血压、血糖和TC。利用一般线性模型分析生活方式和心血管代谢因素与各甲基化年龄加速指标的相关性[β值(95%CI)]。结果 GrimAge加速指标与吸烟、饮酒、体力活动水平及BMI存在关联。与不吸烟、不饮酒或BMI为18.5～23.9 kg/m2 者相比, 吸烟者(每天吸烟1～14、15～24、≥25支者对应的β值依次为0.71(95%CI:0.57～0.86)、0.88(95%CI:0.73～1.03)、0.99(95%CI:0.81～1.18)、重度饮酒者[每日纯乙醇量≥60 g:0.33(95%CI:0.11～0.55)]、BMI<18.5 kg/m2者[0...